The Jacksonian Era 1824-1840

The Changing Character of American Political Life-

increasing participation in the “age of the common

man.” – VUS6.d

Round 1: Election of 1824

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The Corrupt Bargain• No Majority was reached by

any candidate in electoral or popular vote

• The House of Congress, led by Henry Clay, decides the winner

• Clay didn’t believe Jackson was qualified for office

• Clay made sure that Adams was elected President by the House and Adams appointed Clay to Secretary of State

Henry Clay, Speaker of the House and former presidential candidate.

The End of the First Party System

• First Party System- refers to political parties immediately following the Revolution (i.e. Federalist Party, Anti-Federalist/Democratic Republican Party)

• By 1824 the Federalist Party had collapsed marking a change in the political spectrum

The Democratic Party

• Manifest Destiny

• Extending the Franchise

• Laissez-Faire Economics

• Patronage/Spoils System

• The Age of the Common Man

• Small government

The National Republican/Whig Party

• Strong Federal Government

• Strong National Bank

• The American System

– a tariff to protect and promote American industry

– a national bank to foster commerce

– and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other internal improvements' to develop profitable markets for agriculture

• Universal Public Education

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The Know-Nothing/American Party

• Severe Limits on immigration

• Restricting political office to Native-born Americans

• Restricting the Sale of Liquor

• Restricting the use of languages other than English

Activity

• First, individually and then with the person next to you compare and contrast the views of modern day politicians and decide which 1820’s Political Party they belong to and why.

Second Party System

• Highlighted by the Democratic Party and the Whig Party

• Minor Parties rose during this period such as the Know-Nothings and the Anti-Masonist Party

• Replaced the First Party System of Federalist and Democratic-Republican Party

Politics in the Age of the Common Man

• Heightened emphasis on equality in the political process for adult white males

• The rise of interest group politics and sectional issues (i.e. Slavery)

• A changing style of campaigning

• Increased voter participation

Voting Qualifications

Campaigning “on the stump”

Election of 1828

Round 2: Election of 1828

• Jackson wanted to recreate the old Jeffersonian Coalition of:

– Northern Farmer and artisan

– Southern slave owners

– Farmers with small land holdings

• With wider voting qualifications and no political opponents other than Adams to run against, Jackson easily defeated Adams.

Jackson as President

• Spoils System

• The Champion of the Common Man

• Nullification Crisis

• The Bank War

• Manifest Destiny

• Indian Removal

Spoils System

• System of patronage

• Gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and

• An incentive to keep working for the party

• Loyalty > Competence

The Champion of the Common Man

• White male suffrage increased

• Party nominating committees.

• Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors

• Spoils system

• Rise of Third Parties.

• Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)

YOUTUBE BREAK!

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EkqrI3IibYI

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FxL242-z6I

Nullification Crisis• Tariff of Abomination: A high tariff

on imported goods that forced the South to buy goods at a higher price from their Northern Neighbors

• Vice President John C. Calhoun claimed that any state had the right to nullify any federal law that went against a state’s interest

• State Government vs. Federal Government

• Jackson issued the Force Bill that would allow military force to carry out the tariff, but a Compromise Tariff was agreed upon before any action was taken.

John C. Calhoun

The Bank War• Jackson believed the bank should be

abolished because

– It concentrated the nation's financial strength in a single institution

– It exposed the government to control by foreign interests

– It served mainly to make the rich richer

– Believed in an agricultural republic

• Jackson succeeded in destroying the National Bank by vetoing its 1832 re-charter by Congress

• Money-lending functions were taken up by local and state banks and originally manufacturing boomed.

• However, these new banks ultimately failed

Manifest Destiny

• A widely held belief that Americans were destined to expand across the continent

• Louisiana Purchase (1804) gives American an area for exploration

• However, Native Americans populate middle America

• How do American fulfill their destiny with Native Americans in the way?

Indian Removal and the Trail of Tears

• Jackson supported the idea of Indian Removal.

• Indian Removal Act 1830

• Attained over 132 million acres of Indian and Western Land for 68 million dollars

• More than 45,000 American Indians were relocated to the West during Jackson's administration

• Native Americans suffered from exposure, disease and starvation en route to their destinations. Many died, including 4,000 of the 15,000 relocated Cherokee

What do you think?

King Andrew

or

Champion of the Common Man