The Italian Republic

The Italian Republic was born the 2nd June 1946.

The 2nd June 1946 the Italian were called to vote the referendum about the Institutional form of the State and to decide, so, if the Italy had to continue to be a Monarchy or become a Republic. The 53,4% of the voter choose the Republican form, deciding the end of the monarchy and the esilio of the Savoia’s family.

In this period you had the first Italian electoral turn at really universal suffrage: finally women vote too. A woman shows the first page of the

“Corriere della Sera” of the 3° June 1946, next day to the referendum

The Italian Constitution

The Italian Constitution was born on the 1st January 1948.

The Italian Constitution of the Italian Republic is the most important law of the Italian State.

it is the summary of different current thoughts (Liberal,Democratic,Socialist,Christian-Social

The founder fathers were:

Alcide De Gasperi;

Pietro Nenni;

Palmiro Togliatti;

Ugo La Malfa.

Enrico De Nicola signed the ConstitutionOn the 27th december 1947

UPPER HOUSE

PARLIAMENT

The Italian Constitution is based on some basic values

the individual freedom (art.13);

the religious freedom (art.19-20);

the association and meeting freedom (art.17-18);

the absolute equality between woman and man (art.3) both in the work field and the family context.

the Italian Constitution contains all the values that are the expression of our history.

they have to be protected as the cultural heritage of the all whole Nation

The Italian constitution contains the basic principles of the constitution map

1)The Democratic principle(art.1) that is based on the popular sovereignty.

2)The personalistic and solidaristic principle (art.2)

3)The equality principle (art.3):All people have the same equal rights.

4)The Labour principle (art.4) :All citizens have the right to work.

5)The pluralistic principle (art.6) ;All the obstacles which limit the citizens equality have to be removed.

6)The Internationalist principle (art.10); It confirms the opening of Italy towards the International Community

61st Republic Anniversary.

Rome, the 2 nd June 2008

On the second of June is the Republic’s holiday, the Italian National Holiday.

During this National Holiday the President put a laurel crown on the monument of “Milite Ignoto” near “Altare della Patria” in Rome. After this, the military parade starts at “Fori imperiali” with the President and the high officers of State.

In the afternoon the National Holiday is opened to the people in the garden of the Quirinale’s palace, where the President lives. Here a lot of militar bands play some songs.

The Republic holiday

is the occasion

to visit

the symbols

of our country.

The star is white and it has got five cornered and it is the symbol of Italy since the “Risorgimento”. This star represents also the belonging to our army forces.

The cog-wheel of steel is the symbol of the working activity and it traslates the first article of the Constitutional Charter:” Italy is a democratic Republic based on work”.

The olive-branch symbolizes the peace will of the nation, both inside and outside.

The oak-tree represents the strength and the dignity of the Italian population.

The coat of Italian RepublicIt has got three elements:One star with five white rays, bordered with red colour, the cog-wheel of steel, an olive-branch on the left and another of the oak-tree on the right tie from red ribbon, with the white written in capital letter “ REPUBBLICA ITALIANA”

The coat of Italian Republic

The new flag, introduced at the end of the 1999 by the President Ciampi, recall the colours of the national flag, with special reference at the flag of the historic Italian Republic of the 1802-1805; the square form and the light blue border symbolize the army forces, with the President as Chief.

The Presidential flag

The Italian flag

Green like our planes and our hope

White like the snow of the Alps and the Appenins and the faith

Red like the blood gave to our compatriots for the union of our land and our charity.

The Italian flag is composed of three vertical straight of equal dimensions:The first (near the pole) is green; the second (central) is white; the third (the last) is red.

National acrobatic patrol

The “Frecce Tricolori” are the national acrobatic patrol (PAN) of the Air Force. It was born in 1961, because the Italian Air Force would create a permanent acrobatic group. They are, with their ten planes, the biggest acrobatic group of the world. The planes during their performances emitted coloured smokes like the national flag colours.

Silvio Berlusconi,

The actual Prime

MInister

Giorgio Napolitano, the actual President

The National Hymn “Mameli’s Hymn” or “the Italian

Hymn” ( known as Fratelli d’Italia) is the Italian National Hymn.

The text was written in the autumn of 1847 by Goffredo Mameli who sent it on the 10th of November to his teacher Michele Novaro who wrote the music.

The Hymn gave its first performance on the 10th of December in Genova during the celebration of the centenary of the expulsion of the Austrians.

Goffredo Mameli is the writer of

the Italian National Hymn.

Michele Novaro set the

music of “Il canto degli italiani”.

Fratelli d'ItaliaL'Italia s'è desta,Dell'elmo di ScipioS'è cinta la testa.Dov'è la Vittoria?Le porga la chioma,Ché schiava di RomaIddio la creò.Stringiamci a coorteSiam pronti alla morteL'Italia chiamò.

Noi siamo da secoliCalpesti, derisi,Perché non siam popolo,Perché siam divisi.Raccolgaci un'unicaBandiera, una speme:Di fonderci insiemeGià l'ora suonò.Stringiamci a coorteSiam pronti alla morteL'Italia chiamò. Uniamoci, amiamoci,l'Unione, e l'amoreRivelano ai PopoliLe vie del Signore;Giuriamo far liberoIl suolo natìo:Uniti per DioChi vincer ci può?Stringiamci a coorteSiam pronti alla morteL'Italia chiamò.

Dall'Alpi a SiciliaDovunque è Legnano,Ogn'uom di FerruccioHa il core, ha la mano,I bimbi d'ItaliaSi chiaman Balilla,Il suon d'ogni squillaI Vespri suonò.Stringiamci a coorteSiam pronti alla morteL'Italia chiamò.

Son giunchi che pieganoLe spade vendute:Già l'Aquila d'AustriaLe penne ha perdute.Il sangue d'Italia,Il sangue Polacco,Bevé, col cosacco,Ma il cor le bruciò.Stringiamci a coorteSiam pronti alla morteL'Italia chiamò

INNO D'ITALIA di Mameli

L’Italia Turrita It is a personification of the Italian allegory.

It is portrayed by a crown of towels (here the word Turrita), typical of civic Italian heraldry, of common origin.

It’s a woman with a thriving body, with the typical mediterranean attribute, which are the rosy complexion and dark hair. Often she keeps in her hand a bunch of ear of wheat, (symbol of the fertility and it reminds to the agricultural economy; during the fascism, she kept a lictor fasces. On the Italia Turrita, a star with five cornered flutted, the symbol, that, accorded to the legend, it could defend the Nation.

It is called “stellone d’italia”, it was used on Savoia royal flag and is the dominant element in the current emblem of our Republic .

L’Italia Turrita in philatelic and numismatic representation.

L’Italia Turrita in philatelic and numismatic representation.