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The Iowa Stored Energy Plant A Project Review and Update May 2005 Bob Haug, Executive Director Iowa...
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Transcript of The Iowa Stored Energy Plant A Project Review and Update May 2005 Bob Haug, Executive Director Iowa...
The Iowa Stored Energy Plant
A Project Review and Update
May 2005Bob Haug, Executive Director
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities (IAMU)
IAMU members include 550 Iowa cities550 municipal water utilities136 municipal electric utilities50 municipal gas utilities27 municipal telecommunications utilities
The Iowa Stored Energy Plant (ISEP) is an IAMU power supply project funded by 109 municipal utilities located in Iowa, Minnesota, and the Dakotas.
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
The Iowa Stored Energy Plant (ISEP)
3 Proven Technologies3 Proven Technologies
1. Renewable wind energy
2. Aquifer storage of gas
3. Combustion turbine
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
1. Iowa and municipal wind energy
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
Distributed wind project - Algona3 turbines (750 kW each)Jointly owned by 7 communitiesLocated within host utility’s distribution system
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
2. Aquifer storage of gas
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
Gas storage
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
3. Combustion turbine (simple cycle)
Natural Gas12,000 BTU/kWh
Air
Air
Compressor Turbine Generator
Combustor
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
The Alabama CAES plant
CAES Plant at AEPCAES Plant at AEP
Alabama Electric
Cooperative
McIntosh Power Plant
Aerial View
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
CAES drive train (Dresser Rand)
Motor/Generator and Combustion
Turbine
---------
Motor/Generator and Compressor
Train
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
Mechanics of CAES – storage
Air
Air
Compressor Turbine Motor/ Generator
Combustor
Aquifer
Clutch
Power in
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
Mechanics of CAES – generation
Natural Gas 3,800 BTU/kWh
Air
Air
Compressor Turbine Motor/ Generator
Combustor
Aquifer
Clutch
Power out
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
Mechanics of CAES – reliability/performance
CAES uses well-proven and highly reliable equipment (common used in petroleum refining)
Reliability (from Alabama operation)
Average 218 starts per year (1996-2001)90% starting reliability; >97% running reliability
Quick start capability (Alabama 110 MW unit)
9 min. to full power or 6 min. emergency startup
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
Mechanics of CAES - performance
Efficiency of operationCAES uses 4,300 BTU/kWh vs. 12,000 BTU/kWh for simple cycle turbines and 7,000 BTU/kWh combined cycle unitsOperates efficiently from 10% to >100 outputEconomically efficient in 100-130 MW incrementsLower temp. (1,600°F vs. 2,200 °F) = longer service life60% lower emissions than GTLow hot-weather capacity degradation
CAES is ideal for delivering ancillary services
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
Integrating wind and CAES
Wind is low-cost generation sourceWind is not dispatchableCAES provides a battery for windCAES/Wind is dispatchable as an intermediate resource and is very flexible in meeting changing capacity needs
Electric Power Substation at CAES
Power Plant
CAES Power Plant
Operation During Energy Storage or Compression PhaseWind Generation Used to Compress Air
No Extra Grid Power Used
TAW 7/18/2002
Power Flow
Air Flow
Local Wind Farm
Underground AquiferCompressed Air Storage
50 MW
50 MW
0 MW
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
Electric Power Substation at CAES
Power Plant
CAES Power Plant
Operation During Energy Storage or Compression PhaseWind Generation Used to Compress Air
And Supplemental Off-Peak Grid Power Also Used
TAW 7/18/2002
Air Flow
Underground AquiferCompressed Air Storage
50 MW
25 MW
75 MW
Local Wind Farm
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
Electric Power Substation at CAES
Power Plant
CAES Power Plant
Operation During Energy Generation PhaseCAES Power Plant Generates Power
to Supplement and Firm Up Wind Farm Output
TAW 7/18/2002
PWind
Air Flow
Underground AquiferCompressed Air Storage
PCAES
20 MW
100 MW
80 MW
Local Wind Farm
Generation & Compression for 100 MW CAES Plant for One Weekday With No Wind Generation
-120-110-100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10
0102030405060708090
100110120
MN1:0
02:0
03:0
04:0
05:0
06:0
07:0
08:0
09:0
010
:0011
:00Noo
n13
:0014
:0015
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24 Hour Period for 1 Day
Com
pres
sion
-
MW
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Gen
erat
ion Scheduled
100 MwOutput
CAESGeneration to
Gridin Red
Grid Purchasesfor Compression
in Black
Length of Schedule Varied to Meet Market Needs.
Usually Not Scheduled on
Weekends.
Compressors Likely to Run 7 Nights a Week, Depending
Upon System Needs.
1.07 Tons of CO2 / Mwh
1.10 Tons of CO2 / Mwh for Lousia
December 5, 2001
Generation & Compression for 100 MW CAES Plant and 75 MW Wind Farm on Weekday
-120-110-100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10
0102030405060708090
100110120
MN1:0
02:0
03:0
04:0
05:0
06:0
07:0
08:0
09:0
010
:0011
:00Noo
n13
:0014
:0015
:0016
:0017
:0018
:0019
:0020
:0021
:0022
:0023
:00
24 Hour Period for 1 Day
Com
pres
sion
-
MW
-
Gen
erat
ion
Grid Purchasesfor Compression
in Black
CAESGeneration to
Gridin Red
0.21 Tons of CO2 / Mwh
Wind Generation Data from December 5, 2001
Wind Generation in Green
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
Why consider carbon costs?Because it is the right thingFuel diversification is needed to hedge cost of emissions – Keoto or not – a carbon tax or equivalent offset at $15/ton adds $17/MWH from coal vs. $4/MWH CAESOther emission reductions likely, e.g., SOx particulates, Mercury, others?
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
400,000 years of C02 and Temperature DataRecent Observed and Predicted Change
“Business as Usual”
2002
Doubling Scenario(550 PPM)
1800
2100
CO2
°C
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
Summary case for ISEPFor us, it is a local option for dealing with climate change. It keeps money in the state.Supported by customers
Very clean plant (local emissions)Uses Iowa’s most abundant indigenous energy resource, wind power, to mitigate GHG emissions
Supported by farmers who receive rents for wind turbines and for gas storage
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
Summary case for ISEPMeets need for intermediate generation with option for base load laterGood hedge against environmental costs for GHG and other emissionsDiversifies generation & fuel resourcesAdds renewable resourcesGas storage under further study
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
Where things standMunicipal utilities have spent about $800,000 to datePlant studies: Burns & McDonnell preliminary cost study complete, DOE-funded Black & Veatch market analysis complete and highly positive Underground Aquifer Storage: Site selection process well underway Transmission: initial studies complete; additional analysis to begin soon
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
DOE funded studies (initial $136,000 funding)
Independent verification of aquifer suitability Subcontractor: Fairchild & Wells, Inc. (Houston)Scope: Review of data from prior investigation of site as gas storage facility, subsequent well logs, ISEP seismic data, and other geological informationFinding: Adequate storage for CAES, though some reduction in previously estimated storage capacityStatus: Task complete
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
DOE funded studies (continued)
Assessment of suitability for two-gas storage Subcontractor: Fairchild & Wells, Inc. (Houston)Scope: Review of data from prior investigation of site as natural gas storage facility, subsequent well logs, AVO seismic data collected by ISEP, and other geological informationInitial finding: vertical communication between aquifers appears to limit two-gas optionStatus: Limited negative assessment complete
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
DOE funded studies (continued)
Power market forecast Subcontractor: Black & VeatchScope: Forecast of 20-year market clearing price for electricity in IowaStatus: Complete
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
DOE funded studies (continued)
Production cost modeling Subcontractor: Black & VeatchScope: Modeling of CAES plant marginal dispatch costs and operating constraintsStatus: Complete and very positive
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
DOE funded studies (continued)
Financial pro forma analysisSubcontractor: Black & VeatchScope: Pro forma analysis to determine return on investment, as measured by projected cash flows, net present value, and internal rate of return.Status: Complete and very positive
Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities - May 2005
What’s next?DOE contracts for over $1.4 million in additional studies are nearly completeParticipants submitting letters of intentFind non-muni participants, if neededPlant start-up = 3 years from final approval