The Internet Ecosystem and ICANN
Transcript of The Internet Ecosystem and ICANN
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The Internet Ecosystem and ICANN!!Steve Sheng @ Stanford University, Center for Information and Society!29 April 2013!
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+ A network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment.
+ The Internet is an ecosystem.
+ The Internet is successful and thriving because its ecosystem is open, transparent and collaborative.
Ecosystem!
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3 Source: ISOC 2010
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+ Organizations, individuals and processes that shape the coordination and management of the global Internet
+ Highly interdependent parts which require significant coordination
+ ICANN is one of these organizations
+ ICANN is pivotal to naming and addressing
Components of Internet Ecosystem!
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What does ICANN do?!
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Domain Name System Primer!
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root l DNS database maps: u Name to IP address
www.cmu.edu = 128.2.10.162
u And many other mappings (mail servers, IPv6, reverse…)
l Data organized as tree structure: u Each zone is authoritative
for its own data u Minimal coordination between
zone operators
.edu .mil .uk
darpa cmu co usmc
ece alpha bbc
The domain name system
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+ Internet Protocol numbers are unique addresses that allow computers to find one another
+ The Domain Name System matches IP numbers with a name
+ DNS is the underpinning of unified Internet
+ DNS keeps Internet secure, stable and interoperable
+ ICANN was formed in 1998 to coordinate DNS
The World’s Network – the Domain Name System!
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+ Domain Name System (DNS) + Generic Top-Level Domain Names (gTLD) system
management
+ Country-code Top-Level Domain Name (ccTLD) DNS
+ Internet Protocol (IP) Address Allocation
+ Protocol-Parameter Registry
+ Root Server Systems
+ Time Zone Database Management
Functions that ICANN Coordinates!
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+ ICANN created to coordinate DNS and other systems of unique identifiers
+ Affirmation of Commitments established ICANN’s independence, accountability and commitment to the public interest
+ IANA functions performed in line with the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, an agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce.
ICANN Qualifications!
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+ ICANN is structured to manage DNS, ensuring growth and stability of Internet
+ Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
+ Supporting Organizations + Address
+ Country Code Names
+ Generic Names
+ Board of Directors Advisory Committees + At-Large
+ Governmental
+ DNS Root Server System
+ Security & Stability
+ Technical Advisory Bodies + Technical Liaison Group + Internet Engineering Task Force
ICANN’s Operations!
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DNS Query and Response
Caching DNS Server
End-user
www.cmu.edu A?
www.cmu.edu A 128.2.10.162
Root DNS Server
edu DNS Server
cmu.edu DNS Server
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domain name industry – by the numbers!
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Root Servers Around the World!
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+ IP addresses are distributed in hierarchical system
+ IANA allocates IP addresses to RIRs
+ Policy is created through community, open consultation process
+ Global policy is developed through consensus at an RIR, forwarded to ASO and submitted to ICANN Board
Allocation of IP Addresses!
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+ Multi-stakeholder Model
+ Community-Driven Policy
+ Competition & Choice
+ Security & Stability
+ Interoperability
+ Compliance
Pillars of ICANN Strategy!
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Multi-stakeholder Model!
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Community-Driven Policy!
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Competition &!Choice!
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Security &!Stability.!Interoperability.!
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Contractual!Compliance!
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+ New Top-Level Domain Names
+ ccTLDs – country code TLDs
+ IDN – Internationalized Domain Names
+ IPv6 Deployment
ICANN and Internet Ecosystem: What’s Next!
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+ Introduction of unlimited gTLD names or extensions
+ A platform for innovation, choice and competition in marketplace
+ Creating online cultural, geographic and linguistic communities
+ 1930 applications from 60 countries and territories
+ Adding safeguards to the process
Expanded gTLDs!
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+ Broadening the character repertoire available for country code TLDs
+ Expansion of overall operation of the ccTLDs
ccTLDs!
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+ Broadening the character repertoire available for country code TLDs
+ Expansion of overall operation of the ccTLDs
Internationalized country code Top-level Domain Names!
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+ Most newcomers to Internet do not speak English
+ IDNs allow users to access the Internet entirely in their own language characters, rather than in Latin characters
+ Applicants for expanded gTLDs include more than a hundred IDNs
+ Making the Internet ever more globally inclusive
Internationalized Domain Names!
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+ IPv6 deployment grew once the last IPv4 address was taken
+ ICANN Board ratified plan for recovered IPv4 addresses
Adoption of IPv6!
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+ At-Large Advisory Committee is the ICANN home for individual Internet users
+ Ground-up, tiered structure
+ 150 At-Large Structures at grassroots level
+ Sends a voting member to ICANN’s Board
+ Increased quantity and quality of public policy statements
Individuals and the Internet Ecosystem!
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+ Open to entire Internet ecosystem
+ Receive updates via MyICANN.ORG
+ Join public comment forum on ICANN’s web site
+ Attend ICANN’s public meetings in person or online
+ Join one of ICANN’s Supporting Organizations or Advisory Committees
Participation in ICANN!
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One world.!One internet. !
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Thank You & Questions?!
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Slide 3: Internet Society (http://www.internetsociety.org/internet/who-makes-it-work) Slide 6: Domain Name Primer (http://columnfivemedia.com/work-items/demandforce-infographic-new-world-domain-nation-the-rush-for-top-level-domain-names/) Slide 13: Verisign Domain Industry Brief (http://www.verisigninc.com/assets/domain-name-brief-april2013.pdf) Slide 14: Root Servers Technical Association (http://www.root-servers.org) Slide 24: New gTLD visualization (http://perryhewitt.com/let-the-bidding-begin-new-gtlds-visualized/_ Slide 26: IDN ccTLD visualization (Bytelevel research)
Graphic Credits!