THE INTERNETTHE INTERNET

• BEGAN AS GOVERNMENT BEGAN AS GOVERNMENT CONNECTION OF UNIVERSITIESCONNECTION OF UNIVERSITIES

• INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP): organization connected to (ISP): organization connected to Internet, leases temporary Internet, leases temporary connections to subscribersconnections to subscribers

• NO ONE OWNS IT, NO FORMAL NO ONE OWNS IT, NO FORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

INTERNET CAPABILITIESINTERNET CAPABILITIES

• E -MAIL:E -MAIL: person -to-person messaging; person -to-person messaging; document sharingdocument sharing

• USERNET NEWSGROUPS:USERNET NEWSGROUPS: electronic bulletin electronic bulletin boards for discussion groupsboards for discussion groups

• LISTSERVs:LISTSERVs: e-mail list servers for discussion e-mail list servers for discussion groupsgroups

• CHATTING:CHATTING: interactive conversationsinteractive conversations• TELNET:TELNET: log on one computer, work on anotherlog on one computer, work on another• FTP:FTP: transfer files from computer to computertransfer files from computer to computer• GOPHERS:GOPHERS: use menus to locate text materialuse menus to locate text material

INTERNET CAPABILITIESINTERNET CAPABILITIES

• ARCHIE:ARCHIE: search database for files to downloadsearch database for files to download• VERONICA:VERONICA: speeds searching gopher sites by speeds searching gopher sites by

using keywordsusing keywords• WIDE AREA INFORMATION SERVICE (WAIS):WIDE AREA INFORMATION SERVICE (WAIS):

locates files using key wordslocates files using key words• WORLD WIDE WEB:WORLD WIDE WEB: retrieve, format, display retrieve, format, display

information (text, audio, graphics, video) using information (text, audio, graphics, video) using hypertext linkshypertext links

INTERNET ADDRESSINTERNET ADDRESS

ggalileo@univpisa.edu.it

INDIVIDUAL OR INDIVIDUAL OR ORGANIZATION NAMEORGANIZATION NAME

HOST HOST COMPUTERCOMPUTER

LOCATIONLOCATION

FUNCTIONFUNCTION

DOMAIN NAME

INTERNET TERMSINTERNET TERMS

• HOME PAGE:HOME PAGE: WWW screen display WWW screen display welcomes user to organization’s welcomes user to organization’s pagepage

• WEBMASTER:WEBMASTER: person in charge of person in charge of Web siteWeb site

• UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR (URL):(URL): address of specific Internet address of specific Internet resourceresource

INTERNET TERMSINTERNET TERMS• HYPERTEXT TRANSPORTHYPERTEXT TRANSPORT PROTOCOL (http):PROTOCOL (http):

communications standard (sets of rules) communications standard (sets of rules) used to transfer Web pages.HTTP defines used to transfer Web pages.HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted how messages are formatted and transmitted and what actions Web servers and browsers and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various should take in response to various commands.commands.

• HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML):HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML): popular programming language for creating popular programming language for creating Web sitesWeb sites

SURFING THE NETSURFING THE NET

• SEARCH ENGINE:SEARCH ENGINE: tool for locating tool for locating specific sites or information on specific sites or information on WWWWWW

• ““PUSH” TECHNOLOGY:PUSH” TECHNOLOGY: server server streams Web page content to a Web streams Web page content to a Web browserbrowser

• HYPERLINK:HYPERLINK: spot on screen, when spot on screen, when clicked shifts to a new page or siteclicked shifts to a new page or site

““Push” Technology Push” Technology • Instead of surfing the Web, users can have the Instead of surfing the Web, users can have the

information they are interested in delivered information they are interested in delivered automatically to their desktops through “push’ automatically to their desktops through “push’ technology.technology.

• A computer broadcasts information of interest directly A computer broadcasts information of interest directly to the user, rather than having the user “pull’ content to the user, rather than having the user “pull’ content from Web sites.from Web sites.

• ““Push” comes fro server push, a term used to describe Push” comes fro server push, a term used to describe the streaming of Web page contents from a Web server the streaming of Web page contents from a Web server to a Web browserto a Web browser

• Special client software allows the user to Special client software allows the user to specify the categories of information he wants specify the categories of information he wants to receive and how often this information to receive and how often this information should be updated.should be updated.

““Push” Technology Push” Technology • Push program will notify the user by sending e-Push program will notify the user by sending e-

mail, playing a sound, displaying an icon on the mail, playing a sound, displaying an icon on the desktop, sending full article or Web pages, or desktop, sending full article or Web pages, or displaying headlines on screen saver.displaying headlines on screen saver.

• Examples:Examples:• Fruit of the Loom is using Pointcast push Fruit of the Loom is using Pointcast push

technology to alert managers to updated technology to alert managers to updated inventory information stored on its IBM AS/400 inventory information stored on its IBM AS/400 intranet Web server.intranet Web server.

• Lufthansa uses the BackWeb push delivery Lufthansa uses the BackWeb push delivery service to alert customers to fare discount.service to alert customers to fare discount.

INTRANETINTRANET• INTERNAL NETWORK: INTERNAL NETWORK: A simple intranet can A simple intranet can

be created by linking a client computer with Web be created by linking a client computer with Web browser to a computer with Web server software browser to a computer with Web server software via a TCP/IP networkvia a TCP/IP network

• Intranet software technology is same as Intranet software technology is same as that of the WWW TECHNOLOGY.that of the WWW TECHNOLOGY.

• FIREWALL:FIREWALL: Security System (consists of Security System (consists of hardware and software placed between an hardware and software placed between an organization’s internal network and an external organization’s internal network and an external network, including the Internet) to Prevent network, including the Internet) to Prevent Invasion of Private NetworksInvasion of Private Networks

• Overcomes computer platform differences.Overcomes computer platform differences.• Often installed on existing network infrastructure. Often installed on existing network infrastructure.

EXTRANETEXTRANET

ALLOWS Authorized USERS OUTSIDE ALLOWS Authorized USERS OUTSIDE ORGANIZATION TO USE ITS ORGANIZATION TO USE ITS

INTRANET:INTRANET:

• CUSTOMERSCUSTOMERS

• BUSINESS PARTNERSBUSINESS PARTNERS

• VENDORSVENDORS

EXTRANETEXTRANET

INTERNET

CUSTOMER

SUPPLIER FIREWALL

DATABASES

SERVER

CLIENTS

BUSINESSPARTNER

INTERNET BENEFITSINTERNET BENEFITS

• GLOBAL CONNECTIVITYGLOBAL CONNECTIVITY

• REDUCED COMMUNICATIONS COSTREDUCED COMMUNICATIONS COST

• LOWER TRANSACTION COSTSLOWER TRANSACTION COSTS

• REDUCED AGENCY COSTSREDUCED AGENCY COSTS

• INTERACTIVITY, FLEXIBILITY, INTERACTIVITY, FLEXIBILITY, CUSTOMIZATIONCUSTOMIZATION

• ACCELERATED KNOWLEDGEACCELERATED KNOWLEDGE

INTERNET & ELECTRONIC INTERNET & ELECTRONIC COMMERCECOMMERCE

• EASY TO LINK WITH OTHER EASY TO LINK WITH OTHER BUSINESSES, CUSTOMERSBUSINESSES, CUSTOMERS

• CAN UPDATE PRODUCT CAN UPDATE PRODUCT INFORMATION, ORDERING, INFORMATION, ORDERING, CUSTOMER SUPPORTCUSTOMER SUPPORT

• ON-LINE STOREFRONTSON-LINE STOREFRONTS

• ENHANCED BUSINESS FORMSENHANCED BUSINESS FORMS

INTERNET & ELECTRONIC INTERNET & ELECTRONIC COMMERCECOMMERCE

• CUSTOMER-CENTERED RETAILINGCUSTOMER-CENTERED RETAILING– DISINTERMEDIATION: removal of DISINTERMEDIATION: removal of

intermediate layers streamlines processintermediate layers streamlines process– REDUCED COST TO BUYER, SELLERREDUCED COST TO BUYER, SELLER

• HIT:HIT: each request for a file recorded each request for a file recorded in log filein log file

Components of an Internet serverComponents of an Internet server

SMTP FTP DNSClient Access

WAIS/RDBFE

WWWServer

AuthorizingTools

Back/End Database

Network TCP/IP Stack

Network Operating system

Server Box

Internet Interface Firewall/Router

Internet Service Provider

Components of an Internet serverComponents of an Internet serverSMTP: The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol utility translates between local and Internet mail formats, allowing clients to send/receive Internet e-mail.

FTP: The File Transfer Protocol utility enables file transfers to and from the server.

DNS: The Domain Name Serving Utility maps numerical Internet machine addresses (161.362.456.567) to alphabetic names (systems.compaq.com).

Client Access: The Client Access software allows local clients to use the Internet (Web, FTP, etc.) over the existing network.

WAIS/RDBFE: The Wide Area Information Service and Relational Database Front End Software allows Web site guests to access document database without requiring HTML encoding beforehand. WAIS is the most thorough way to locate a specific file, however, you have to know the name of the databases you want to search.

WWW Server: The WWW Server Software serves Web pages to guests and helps to administrate the Web site.

Authorizing Tools: Authorizing Tools create the pages that appear on the Web site.

Components of an Internet serverComponents of an Internet serverBack/End Database: The Back/End Database is an Oracle, Sybase, or Back Officedatabase that contains content served to the Web via the RDBFE and WWW Server

Network TCP/IP: The TCP/IP stack allows the NOS to communicate via the Internet protocol in addition to its native protocol.

Network Operating System: The Network Operating System is UNIX, Netware, or NT.

Server Box: The server Box houses the CPU, disks, and Ethernet I/O hardware.

Internet Interface: The Internet Interface is a WAN card that connects the server to the leased line provided by the Internet Service Provider (ISP). These cards can be Installed in a separate firewall/router box or on the server itself.

Firewall/Router: The Firewall/Router sorts and filters data passing to and from the Internet.This functionality is performed by software either installed on the server itself or on a separate box.

Internet Service Provider: The Internet Service Provider provides an Ip address, works through the local telephone company to arrange for a leased line, and provides installation and administration consulting services.

INTERNET & ELECTRONIC INTERNET & ELECTRONIC COMMERCECOMMERCE

• DISINTERMEDIATIONDISINTERMEDIATION

Manufacturer Distributor Retailer Customer

Cost/Shirt

$48.50

Manufacturer Distributor Retailer Customer

Manufacturer Distributor Retailer Customer

$40.34

$20.45

BENEFITS OF INTRANETS:BENEFITS OF INTRANETS:

• CONNECTIVITYCONNECTIVITY

• CAN BE TIED TO LEGACY SYSTEM CAN BE TIED TO LEGACY SYSTEM & TRANSACTION PROCESSING& TRANSACTION PROCESSING

• INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS WITH INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS WITH TEXT, AUDIO, VIDEOTEXT, AUDIO, VIDEO

• SCALABLE TO LARGER OR SCALABLE TO LARGER OR SMALLER SYSTEMS AS REQUIREDSMALLER SYSTEMS AS REQUIRED

BENEFITS OF INTRANETS:BENEFITS OF INTRANETS:

• EASY TO USE BROWSER EASY TO USE BROWSER INTERFACEINTERFACE

• LOW START-UP COSTSLOW START-UP COSTS

• RICH, RESPONSIVE INFORMATION RICH, RESPONSIVE INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

• REDUCED INFORMATION REDUCED INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION COSTSDISTRIBUTION COSTS

GROUP COLLABORATION:GROUP COLLABORATION:

• TEAMWARE:TEAMWARE: intranet-based intranet-based applications allow teams to share applications allow teams to share ideas, documents, brainstorming, ideas, documents, brainstorming, scheduling. Similar to chat room.scheduling. Similar to chat room.

• INTERNAL NEWSLETTERINTERNAL NEWSLETTER• ABILITY TO WORK AT HOMEABILITY TO WORK AT HOME• SHARE INTERNET DISCOVERIES SHARE INTERNET DISCOVERIES

WITH COLLEAGUESWITH COLLEAGUES