The International Auxiliary Language Sambahsa-Mundialect

8/14/2019 The International Auxiliary Language Sambahsa-Mundialect

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What is Sambahsa?

Sambahsa is a unique international language mixing the qualities of national

languages used for international communication with the regularity of auxlangs. It uses the Roman alphabet, with no diacritics, which are often difficult to write

with keyboards made for different languages. Its regular orthography works with

combination of letters which can produce a rich phonetic system. Furthermore, it

debases very little words from Western European languages, so that they can be

easily recognized. Its grammar is based on Indo-European, a family of languages now spoken by half

the world population. It has almost no irregularities and once it is assimilated, you

can deduce immediately the whole conjugation.

Many auxlangs limit their source-languages to Western Europe, while others aremade out of a patchwork from nearly every language on Earth. On the contrary,

the vocabulary of Sambahsa consists of Indo-European roots, Greco-Latin technical

vocabulary, and selected roots shared by many languages from different linguistic

families from Iceland to Japan. It offers the best balance between neutrality and

real internationality. Its grammar is as precise as those of the natural languages, and can render

without any difficulty any text written in such a natlang. Unlike some auxlangs which add cumbersome and unnatural endings to

substantives and adjectives, the syntax of Sambahsa rests on a compact set of

pronouns, and loanwords undergo few alterations.

Problems often disregarded by auxlangers are natural appearence, tersity and

brevity. The result is that many interested people give up the study of auxlangs

and finally get back to English, finding it more efficient. On the contrary,

Sambahsa displays these three advantages and can compete qualitatively with

English or any other language used for international communication.

Why should I learn Sambahsa?

Its grammar is finished, while its vocabulary already contains several thousands of

words. (Who believes that a vocabulary can be finished?) Youd like to learn a foreign language, but you dont know which one? Then learn

Sambahsa!


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Its grammar has preserved the basic patterns of Indo-European (you can see the

work of Carlos Quiles team at http://dnghu.org ) but has got rid of irregularities

and useless complicated forms. For example, if you have learnt that the

conjugational present ending of the 3rd person of plural is ent in Sambahsa, you

wont be surprised later to discover that it is and in Parsi. Sambahsa should be

used as an auxiliary administrative language in countries with no previous Indo-

European official language such as China, Korea or Japan. Its vocabulary extends beyond Indo-European and includes many loanwords

shared by languages spoken in the Muslim world, as well as some common to Far

East languages. By learning Sambahsa, you learn roots shared by hundreds of

millions, even billions of people, and all this within a coherent system. Thus, Sambahsa is able not only to be an efficient instrument of international

communication; it is also an incentive to discover other cultures!

Some examples.

Is Sambahsa a kind of Lithuanian ? Dont worry, Sambahsa has neither the

complicated declensions of this beautiful language, nor its irregular conjugations.

Of course, when the matter is of basic things, some similarities can be found in the

wordstock. This applies for Slavic languages too, which are close to the Baltic

linguistic family.

Consider this sentence: I look at these white birches, at the tall pines, at the

green firs.

In Lithuanian it is: A iriu i, tuos baltus ber us, i, auk tas pu is, i, alias egls.

This is relatively similar to Russian: Ja smotrju na ti belye berjozi, na boljshie

sosni, na zeljonie eli .

In Sambahsa, it is: Spehco ta albh birgs, ia buland puiks, ia glend eghels.

Listen to it said by a robot!

Except for the word buland, which is from modern Parsi, all words in this

sentence come from Old Indo-European and can therefore be found in its
http://dnghu.org/http://tts.imtranslator.net/3Ru7http://dnghu.org/http://tts.imtranslator.net/3Ru7


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offsprings. Here, spehco and albh can be found in Latin. Notice that Sambahsa

says to look the trees. The addition of at is often misleading for foreign

speakers. The Sambahsa sentence is shorter than its translations, though it is by

no means less precise.

So, Sambahsa is really Indo-European? Compare the following samples:

In English: I have two sons and two daughters

In Lithuanian: A tiriu du snus ir dvi dukras

In Russian : U menja dva syna i dve docheri

In Old Greek: Ekh duo huei kai duo thygatre

In Sanskrit: Mama dvau sn ca dve duhitarau

In Icelandic : Eg hef tvo syna og tvae daetur

In Parsi: (Man) do pesr o do dokhtar dram

And in reconstructed Indo-European: * Mene dwo snu@ dwkwe dhugtre@

In Sambahsa, it is: Ho dwo sons ed dwo dugters.


In Italian, it is: Ho due figli e due figlie.

Sambahsa shares its vocabulary with the majority of the list above. Most auxlangs

are not well inspired to rely nearly exclusively on Romance languages!
http://tts.imtranslator.net/3Qojhttp://tts.imtranslator.net/3Qoj


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Some languages use the old Indo-European system and say literally Of me (are)

two sons and two daughters. Most of them use complicated declensional endings,

for the accusative, the dual number, etc.... You can see it that the word for two

change before sons and before daughters. Sambahsa has chosen a system

using the verb to have because it is the one used by billions of speakers of

Western European languages. Furthermore, Sambahsa accepts a few irregularities

when they concern very common terms. Here, ho is a conjugated form of the verb

habe. Thus, the Sambahsa sentence is even shorter than the English one.

Is this to say that English remains nevertheless simpler than Sambahsa? Dont

forget that even this simple short sentence displays irregularities of the English

spelling. Most foreigners dont understand why o should be pronounced

differently in two and in sons. And above all, the first time they readdaughter, they pronounce it like doctor!

Does Sambahsa ignore non-European languages? Not at all! When there is no

convenient (Indo-)European word, Sambahsa often include loanwords from the

other major linguistic units of the world, which are the languages spoken in Muslim

countries and languages influenced by the Chinese civilization. Languages

influenced by the Indic civilization are already included within the Indo-European

wordstock. For instance, the name Sambahsa is transparent for speakers of

Malay/Indonesia where sama means same and bahasa language.

For example:

In English: Did your friends travel?

In Bulgarian: Vashite prijateli sa ptuvali?

In Arabic : Hal safara aSdiKkum ?

In Swahili : Wenzenu mawesafiri ?

In Parsi : Dustnetn be safar raftand?


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In Sambahsa it is: Hant safert vies prients?


The sambahsa word prients is cognate with friends in English and prijateli in

Bulgarian. The Parsi word dust exists in Sambahsa, but it means comrade.

Sambahsa vies and Bulgarian vashite are cognates too.

The sambahsa word safer comes from the Arabic stem safara, which is

encountered in Parsi and Swahili too. The Swahili safari is worldwide known, but

with a restricted meaning.

Another example:

In English: The tomb was built under the shrine.

In Latin: Sepulcrum sub sacrario constructum erat.

In Russian: Mogila byla postroenna pod khramom.

In Sambahsa: Id maghil eet struct sub id schangdien.


Sub is common to Sambahsa and Latin, and the verbal stem strug can be

found as well in Latin constructum as in Russian postroenna. Schangdien

can be found in Chinese Mandarin sheng dian, in Japanese shaden and in

Korean shinjeon. Sambahsa struct is a regular derivation of strug + t whileEnglish built is irregular.
http://tts.imtranslator.net/3Qqshttp://tts.imtranslator.net/3QrQhttp://tts.imtranslator.net/3Qqshttp://tts.imtranslator.net/3QrQ


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But is Sambahsa not intelligible to the billions of speakers of Romance languages

and of English?

Dont worry, Sambahsa includes the greco-latin vocabulary when it is really

international, mostly in the fields of techniques and sciences.

Consider this sentence in English: Though this analysis globally confirms

McLuhans hypothesis on the division of History in three periods, it nevertheless

qualifies the idea according to which modernity sees the image supplant the word.

In Spanish: Aunque esa anlisis confirma globalmente la hiptesis de McLuhan

sobre la divisin de Historia en tres pocas, matiza sin embargo la idea segn la

cual la modernidad ve la imagen suplantar la palabra.

In (modernized) Latin : Quanquam haec analysis globaliter hypothesin McLuhanis

de divisione Historiae in tres aetates confirmat, tamen ideam variat secundum

quam modernitas imaginem vincere verbum videt.

And in Sambahsa : Quayque tod analyse global-ye confirmet McLuhans hypothese

de Historias division in tri zamans, id lakin nuancet id idee sekwent quod

modernitat vidt id image supplante id werd.

The International Auxiliary Language Sambahsa-Mundialect

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