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![Page 1: The International Authority on Air System Components Fan Performance Mark Stevens Director of Laboratory Services AMCA International.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649e6c5503460f94b6b902/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The International Authority on Air System Components
Fan Performance
Mark StevensDirector of Laboratory Services
AMCA International
![Page 2: The International Authority on Air System Components Fan Performance Mark Stevens Director of Laboratory Services AMCA International.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649e6c5503460f94b6b902/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The International Authority on Air System Components
Fan Testing for Air Performance
![Page 3: The International Authority on Air System Components Fan Performance Mark Stevens Director of Laboratory Services AMCA International.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649e6c5503460f94b6b902/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The International Authority on Air System Components
Test Fan
AMCA Standard 210
Auxiliary Fan
NozzlesFan Airflow
Piezometer Ring Fan Static Pressure
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The International Authority on Air System Components
AMCA 210 Test Results
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Air Flow, Q
Pre
ssu
re,
P
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Po
wer, H
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Fan Laws for Speed Change
QC = NC N ( )Q Q, Fan Airflow Rate
2
PC = NC N ( )P P, Fan Pressure
H, Fan PowerHC = NC N ( )H
3
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The International Authority on Air System Components
10% Speed Change
33% More H
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Air Flow, Q
Pre
ss
ure
, P
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Po
we
r, H
10% More Q
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The International Authority on Air System Components
AMCA Standards 500-D & -L
Test Damper
Auxiliary Fan
NozzlesDamper Airflow
Piezometer Ring Damper Pressure Drop
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Fan Operating Point
Operating Point
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Air Flow, Q
Pre
ss
ure
, P
AMCA 500-D Test Results
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Speed Change
New Operating Point
New speed
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Air Flow, Q
Pre
ss
ure
, P Operating Point
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Damper Opening
New System
New Operating Point
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Air Flow, Q
Pre
ssu
re, P
Operating Point
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The International Authority on Air System Components
System Effect
• Installed duct configuration does not match tested duct configuration
• Detrimental effect on fan air performance due to adverse flow conditions at the inlet or outlet of a fan
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Test Fan
Installation Type DDucted Inlet / Ducted Outlet
Auxiliary Fan
NozzlesFan Airflow
Piezometer Ring Fan Static Pressure
Installed Fan
PlenumPlenum
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The International Authority on Air System Components
AMCA Catalog Ratings
• “Performance certified is forinstallation type:
◦ A: Free inlet, Free outlet”◦ B: Free inlet, Ducted outlet”◦ C: Ducted inlet, Free outlet”◦ D: Ducted inlet, Ducted outlet”
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The International Authority on Air System Components
System Effect
• Even when the tested duct configuration matches the installed duct configuration, improper duct design can introduce adverse flow conditions
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Elbow Example
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Detailed Plenum Example
Plenum
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Detailed Plenum Example
• Centrifugal Fan
• Airflow Rate◦ 14.4 m3/s
• Blast Area/Outlet Area◦ 0.6
• Velocity◦ 14.4 m/s
Blast Area
Cutoff
Outlet Area
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Detailed Plenum Example
E-F duct friction at 5000CMH (Q) 747 Pa (duct design)
E contraction loss-plenum to duct 50 Pa (part of duct system)
E PS energy required to create velocity at E 125 Pa (part of duct system)
D PV loss (also PT loss) at D as result of air velocity decrease 0 Pa
PS does not change from duct to plenum at D
C-D outlet duct on fan as tested 0 Pa
--------------------
REQUIRED Fan PS 922 Pa
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Detailed Plenum Example
D-E duct friction at 5000CMH (Q) 747 Pa (duct design)
D contraction loss-plenum to duct 50 Pa (part of duct system)
D PS energy required to create velocity at D 125 Pa (part of duct system)
B-C SEF 149 Pa
B-C PV loss (also PT loss) at C as result of air velocity decrease 0 Pa
PS does not change from duct to plenum at C
------------------
REQUIRED Fan PS 1071 Pa
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Detailed Plenum Example
Outlet Duct
100% Effective Duct Length
Calculation of SEF of 149 Pa
From AMCA Publication 210
From Figure 8.3t
Blast Area
NoDuct
12%Effective
Duct
25%Effective
Duct
50%Effective
Duc
100%Effective
Duct
U W --
Sys tem Effe ct C urve
U W --
U- V W- X --
W -X -- --
X -- --
-- -- --
0 .4
O utle t Area
0 .5
0 .6
0 .7
0 .8
0 .9
1 .0 -- -- --
P R -S
P R -S
R -S S-T
S U
T-U VW
W -W W -X
-- --
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The International Authority on Air System Components
14.4 m/s
Using line R from Figure 7.1
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Plenum Example from AMCA 201
Assuming:• Use of the same fan for both systems• Can attain both operating points with a
change in speed• The increased in power consumption to
overcome System Effect is about 25%◦ (1071/922)0.5 = 1.08 (Fan Law for pressure)◦ 1.083 = 1.25 (Fan Law for Power)
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Ducted FanFan as Tested
C-D duct friction 750 Pa (duct design)
A free inlet 0 Pa (no SEF)
B-C outlet with straight duct attached for 2 or more diam. 0 Pa (no SEF)
--------------------
REQUIRED Fan PS 750 Pa
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Ducted FanExhaust System
A Entrance loss-sharp edge duct 100 Pa (duct design)
A-B Duct friction at 5000CMH 750 Pa (duct design)
B SEF 1 (Elbow at Inlet) 150 Pa
C SEF 2 (Obstruction) 50 Pa
E SEF 3 (Abrupt Discharge) 150 Pa
------------------
REQUIRED Fan Ps 1200 Pa
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Deficient Fan/System
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Speed Changes
• Before Increasing Speed◦ Check with the manufacturer for max safe
operating speed◦ Determine expected power increase
• Motor size• Electric Service
◦ Expect more noise
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Rules of Thumb
• Minimum 2.5 duct diameters on Outlet
• Minimum 3 to 5 duct diameters on Inlet
• Avoid inlet swirl
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Recommendations
• Allow enough space in the building design to allow for appropriate fan connections to the system
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Recommendations
• Use allowances in the design calculations when space or other factors dictate less than optimum arrangement of the fan outlet and inlet connections
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Recommendations
• Include adequate allowance for the effect of all accessories and appurtenances on the performance of the system and the fan
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The International Authority on Air System Components
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The International Authority on Air System Components
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The International Authority on Air System Components
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The International Authority on Air System Components
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The International Authority on Air System Components
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The International Authority on Air System Components
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The International Authority on Air System Components
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The International Authority on Air System Components
Thank you
AMCA International, Inc.30 W. University Drive
Arlington Heights, IL 60004 USA
Tel: +1 847 394 0150 Fax: +1 847 253 0088
www.amca.org
Mark Stevens - [email protected]