The Integration of Waste and Renewable Energy Sources for

Heating and Cooling Demands in Locally Integrated Energy Sectors

1Simon John Perry, 2Jiří Klemeš and 1Igor Bulatov

1Centre for Process Integration, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science

The University of Manchester, UK

2EC Marie Curie Chair (EXC) “INEMAGLOW”, Research Institute of Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, FIT, University of Pannonia, Hungary

Veszprem Hungary, 2008

• Supply – Grangemouth

Current energy problems

US air force: a 21st-century Apollo-style multi-billion programme is needed to develop greener fuels and tackle global warming. US air force plans to switch its aircraft to a synthetic liquid fuel made from coal. It has tested the new fuel in aircraft such as the B-52 bomber. The air force would not switch to new technology unless it "has a greener carbon footprint" than existing fuels. The Guardian, Monday April 28 2008

• Prices

• Fuel/Food debate: food prices

• CO2

World Marketed Energy Use by Fuel Type,

International Energy Outlook 2007

World Energy-Related CO2 Emissions by Fuel Type,

International Energy Outlook 2007

Energy Consumption and Emissions

Energy Prices: Upward Trends

Energy Use by Sectors (UK)

Source: Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, UK, 2007

Industry25%

Transport28%

Domestic 30%

Services17%

Meeting Domestic (Local) Energy RequirementsLocal Heat Sources and Heat Sinks

• Biomass• Industrial/Domestic Waste• Waste Heat• Heat Pumps• Solar thermal

How to integrate?

• Residential• Commercial• Small industry

Process Stream Data to Composite Curves to Grand Composite Curves (GCC)

T

H (Enthapy)

QH

QC

Hot Composite Curve

Cold Composite CurveFEED

R2

D 2

R 1

D 1

Enthalpy (MW)

GCC to Total Site Profile

Enthalpy (MW)

Heat Sinks

Heat Source

External Heat Supply 4 MW

External Heat Waste 6.1 MW

Total Site Profiles

Total Site Profiles with potential steam heat recovery

Sinks

Sources

Total Site Profiles with steam heat recovery In recovering heat we have reduced external energy supply from 4 to 2.4 MW

In recovering heat we have reduced external heat waste from 6.1 to 4.4 MW

Case Study

Plant A Plant B

Hospital

(Plant C)

Residential / Office Complex

(Plant D)

Utilities ?

Locally Integrated Energy Sector

Stream Name Tsupply [oC]

T target [oC]

DH [MW]

CP [kW/oC]

1 Hot A2 170 80 5.000 55.5556

2 Hot A1 150 55 6.477 68.1818

3 Cold A5 25 100 1.500 20.0000

4 Cold A6 70 100 0.750 35.0000

5 Cold A7 30 65 5.250 150.0000

Process plant A stream data

Process plant B stream data

Stream Name Tsupply [oC]

T target [oC]

DH [MW] CP [kW/oC]

1 Hot B1 200 80 10.000 83.3333

2 Cold B2 20 100 4.000 50.0000

3 Cold B3 100 120 10.000 500.0000

4 Hot B4 150 40 8.000 72.7273

5 Cold B5 60 110 1.000 20.0000

6 Cold B6 75 150 7.000 93.3333

Stream Name T supply [oC]

T target [oC]

DH [kW]

CP [kW/oC]

1 Hot Soapy water 85 40 23.85 0.532 Hot Condensed steam 80 40 96.4 2.413 Cold Laundry sanitary

water25 55 17.7 0.59

4 Cold Laundry 55 85 77.4 2.585 Cold Boiler feed water 33 60 7.2 0.246 Cold Sanitary water 25 60 77 2.27 Cold Sterilization 30 121 12.74 0.14

Process Stream data of hospital complex (Plant C)

8 Cold Swimming pool water 25 28 151.68 50.569 Cold Cooking 30 100 59.5 0.8510 ColdHeating 18 25 100.8 14.4

11 Cold Bedpanwashers 21 121 5 0.05

Stream Name T supply [oC]

T target [oC]

DH [kW]

CP [kW/oC]

Process Stream data of hospital complex (Plant C)

Stream Name T supply [oC]

T target [oC]

DH [MW]

CP [kW/oC]

1 Hot District heating 15 60 6.000 133.333

2 Hot Hot water 15 80 5.000 76.9232

Process Stream data of residential and office complex (Plant D)

Site Profiles for the Locally Integrated Energy Sector LIES

External Heat Supply 17.5 MW

External Heat Waste 6.5 MW

Scenario 1 – Total Site Profiles

Integration of sources and sinks reduces external supply from 17.5 MW to 11.5 MW (and reduces external waste heat by same amount)

Scenario 2 – Total Site Profiles

More complex integration makes better use of sources of heat (temperature), but external supply remains the same (trade-offs required!!!)

From Targets to DesignUtility System Synthesis

B1

100t/h

86t/hB7

B2 B3 B4 B5 B6

110t/h 110t/h 218t/h 90t/h

50t/h

HP101bar486 C

95t/h

MP20.6bar

488t/h

LP5.7bar

38t/h

COND0.96bar

L1

L2Vent

110t/h

65t/h

13t/h

110t/h

25t/h

T17.79MW 78t/h

T26.84MW 84t/h

T37.56MW 87t/h

T47.91MW 102t/h

T59.61MW 165t/h

T621.3MW

63t/hT8

7.9MWT7

1.64MW

Industrial Utility System Design

Industrial Utility System Design

Design of Locally Integrated Energy Sector with heat and power

Conclusions

• Local Areas contain many potential sources and sinks of heat

• Proven methodologies exist for integrating these sources and sinks to make efficient use of energy, reduce external energy supplies and reduce emissions (currently applied in large scale industry)

• These methodologies can also be applied in the context of Locally Integrated Energy Sectors (LIES)

• Additionally these methodologies can be extended to include power production