The integration of photovoltaics (PV) into buildings presentations/Andrea...The Integration of...

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The Integration of Photovoltaics (PV) into Buildings www.solarcentury.com CPD Seminar

Transcript of The integration of photovoltaics (PV) into buildings presentations/Andrea...The Integration of...

Page 1: The integration of photovoltaics (PV) into buildings presentations/Andrea...The Integration of Photovoltaics (PV) into Buildings CPD Seminar Carbon explained Definitions kWp (kiloWatt

The Integration of Photovoltaics (PV) into Buildings

www.solarcentury.com CPD Seminar

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Carbon explained

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DefinitionskWp (kiloWatt peak) – maximum PV power output,

used to describe system size.

An average 3-bed homes uses approximately 3,300kWh of electricity every year (source: Energy Saving Trust).

An average energy efficient home uses approximately 1,960kWh every year. (source: AECB, sustainable building association silver standard)

kWh (kiloWatt hours) - units of electrical energy,as used in utility billing.

1kWp system size will generate approximately 800kWh of electricity every year in the United Kingdom.

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Photovoltaics (PV)

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Vauxhall Cross, Sanyo HIT modules

Gleeson Homes – C21e roof tiles

Monocrystalline(7m2/kWp)

CIS Tower, - Sharp modules

(8m2/kWp)Polycrystalline Large

surface areas

Good yield

National Trust, Kaneka modules

Amorphous(15-20m2/kWp)

Cloudy conditions

V.largesurface areas

Technologies

Hybrid(6m2/kWp)

Smallsurface areas

Good yield

Smallsurface areas

V.good yield

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Three factors need to be considered:

1. Energy requirementthen… 2. Areafinally… 3. Budget

Cost implications:Cost is project specific.

As a rule of thumb:1kWp system is approximately £7,500*and a 200kWp is approximately £4,000/kWp* fully installed.

* Using solar as a building product can offset this cost further

Which PV technology?

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Policy Drivers

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Yr 20055000-6000 Roofs - with no new funding announcement

Yr 2005370,000 Roofs (4kWp each)1481 MWp total installed

Yr 2005140,000 Roofs (3kWp each)433 MWp total installed

Committed annualDTI support (£)

Roofs installed

Total installed PV in Europe and UK

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2003-2006: UK Major Demonstration Programme £25M(up to March 2006)

2001-2003 : Department for Trade and Industry (DTI) Domestic Field Trial £5.4M

Policy Drivers: Carrots

2001: The Climate Change Levy (CCL): Tax on energy - industry, commercial/public sectorSolar energy is exempt

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Current government programme2006-8 : Low Carbon Building Programme

Phase 1: £78.5M - 8 renewables over 7 funding rounds.Stream 1 <5kWp PV: £15,000 or 50%; SHW: £400 or 30%Stream 2 >5kWp Commercial: £100k or 40-50%;

Public sector: £30k or 50%

Phase 2: £50M – 5 renewables, rolling applications from framework suppliers only.

Public Sector Organisations

Package: 4.2kWp generating 3,300kWh/yr<£5,000/kWp

Package Price: £20,000

Cost to Applicant: £10,000

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European levelEPBD (European Performance inBuilding Directives)

National levelPPS22: Planning requirements Part L Building Regulations: Energy

Local levelThe Merton Rule

Policy drivers: Sticks

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Energy performance of new buildings will need improve by between 23-28% against 2002 building performance figures

Of which 15-20% improvement in energy efficiencydepending on ventilation type

Plus a benchmark provision of energy efficiency or on-site renewable energysystems to save a further 10% of carbon emissions

Part 2 L - Building Regulations

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Merton Borough Council UDP policy PE13:

Adopted Oct 2003“All developments (either new build or conversion) with a floor-space of 1000m2 or ten or more residential units to displace at least 10% of carbon dioxide emissionsthrough on-site renewable energy, above and beyond Building Regulations requirement”

ODPM (DCLG): Planning Policy Statement 22 - 2004Section 8 “Local planning authorities may include policies in local development documents that require a percentage of the energy to be used in new residential, commercial or industrial developments to come from on-site renewable energy”

Department for Communities and Local Communities, DCLGThe Minister for Housing and Planning Yvette Cooper’s statement on 8th June announced that:

“The Government expect all planning authorities to include policies in their development plans that require a percentage of the energy in new developments to come from on-site renewables.”

Local Planning Policy drivers

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Solar Energy in the Built

Environment

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Retrofitted modules on surface of domestic roofs

Application: sunstation®

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C21 – interlocking roof tile designed specifically for the UK

Replaces conventional roofing tiles with monocrystalline C21 PV tiles

Gleeson Homes, Sheffield, 2006

Application: The CompleteSolarRoof

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Replaces conventional roofing tiles with polycrystalline PV SunSlates

Perthshire HA, 2003

Application: SunSlates

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Modules on large flat roofs

Eden Project, Cornwall, 2005

Application: Energy Roof

Bishops Square, Spitalfields 2005

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Replaces conventional rainscreen cladding with PV modules

CIS tower, Manchester, 2006

Application: Solar Cladding

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Replaces conventional louvres with PV modules as louvres

Environment Agency, Wallingford 2005

Application: Solar Louvres

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Application: Solar Glazing (bespoke)

Eden Project, Cornwall, 2005

Community Centre, Lambeth, 2xxx

Replaces conventional glazing/atriawith PV cells

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Design Considerations

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“Optimum”

• Due South• 30°

“Flat Roof”

• No aspect• 0°

“Facade”

• Direction• 90°

Fig. 5: PV efficiency with varying orientation and tilt.

Design issues: Orientation and tilt

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Solar life expectancy

September 2006, p.74

“The oldest solar module in operation have now been generating for 30years and no end in sight.”

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Doing the Sums

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Displacing 10% of CO2

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Re-coup capital costs

Tom Whatling, Divisional Environmental Manager of Gleeson Homes

Townhouse with C21e solar tiles sold at a premium of 8.6%

Solar adds value to your property

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PV – Photovoltaics

• Tried and tested technology

• Highly reliable – “fit and forget”

• Ideal for urban environment

• Can be used as a building materials for life

• Couple with energy efficiency

• Maximum carbon offset per unit of electricity generated

• Additional revenue from electricity generated

PV summary

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solarcentury• Leading solar innovations company,

specialising on photovoltaics

500 projects to dateSaving 1,500 tonnes CO2 every year

• Designed & installed 1st Merton Ruleproject (2004) www.themertonrule.org

• Renewables planning consultancy for The Merton Rule

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NPD

CONSULTANCY

PROJECT FINANCE

DESIGNPROCUREMENT

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

INSTALLATION

PROJECT MARKETING

We work with architects, developers and engineers to deliver renewable energy carbon solutions and low carbon building products.

Our services

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Government support

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Government support

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www.solarcentury.com

www.communities.gov.uk

www.themertonrule.org

www.est.org.uk/solar

Useful links and further readingUseful links and further reading