The Information Superhighway. An Information Infrastruture.

The Information

Superhighway

The Information

Superhighway

An Information Infrastruture

An Information Infrastruture

InfrastructureInfrastructure

• promote economic gain

• increase a country’s competitive edge

• National Information Infrastructure

• expensive to build - last mile problem

• funding- National Research and Educational Network (NREN) - link universities

ServicesServices

• need new services to pay for expensive structure

• example - on demand video• downstream bandwidth - refers to the

capacity of a channel to deliver info to the customer

• upstream bandwidth - from the customer to the service provider

GrowthGrowth

• over 150,000 customers are becoming connected to Internet

• look at the problem of CompuServe

• the superhighway is not yet here, but close and we call it the Internet

• Internet is a WAN

HistoryHistory

• started in 1969• ARPANET - Advanced Research

Projects Agency Network• linked DOD research centers with

universities• developed the popular TCP/IP protocol• no central headquarters - possible

nuclear attack

HistoryHistory

• Backbone first provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) – NSF net

• Backbone now provided by various corporations

• Various corporations help define standards

• Internet2• Next Generation internet (NGI)

NGI and Internet 2NGI and Internet 2

• 2 big networks in the US

• NGI - Next Generation Internet

• promise to be 10 to 1000 xs faster

• more than 600 million earmarked

• first offer services to educational and governmental research

DecentralizedDecentralized

• uncontrollable growth

• largest e-mail system in the world

• 1/3 of all business mail is sent electronically

• mail addresses have 2 parts

• user name and domain name

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS


• Internet Service Providers and Online Services– Have permanent connections to the

Internet– Provide temporary connections to

individuals and companies for a fee– Local and national ISPs– Online services offer member only areas



• Connecting to the Internet– Business or school network connected to

the Internet– Dial-up Access– ISDN– Cable Modems– Wireless– Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)



• How Data travels the Internet– Servers– Clients– Packets– Routers– Packet Switching– TCP – IP (Transmission Control Protocol –

Internet Protocol)



• How Data Travels the Internet– Backbone– Network Access Points (NAPs)– Metropolitan Area Exchanges (MAEs)– National ISPs (Backbone providers)



• Internet Addresses– IP (Internet Protocol) Address

• Geographic Region• Company or Organization• Computer Group• Specific Computer

– Domain Name• Top Level Domain (.edu, .com, .net etc..)• Purdue (purdue.edu) and MIT(mit.edu) were among the

first 10 domain names registered in the world

Communications & Connectivity


The The

InternetInternet



The The

InternetInternetElectronic Electronic

Mail (Mail (E-MailE-Mail))

E-MAILE-MAIL

• [email protected]

• jdoe is username

• account is a name of a machine

• smith is the name of the company

• .com is the domain name category



The The





The The



TelnetTelnet

TelnetTelnet

• run programs on a remote host, play interactive games, and use remote library card catalogs

• Internet’s remote login application

• once connected , the session appears to be same as if you terminal connected to that host



The The



TelnetTelnet



The The



TelnetTelnet

File Transfer File Transfer ProtocolProtocol

FTPFTP

• File Transfer Protocal

• ftp is a client program

• use it to access public files (archives)



The The



TelnetTelnet




The The



TelnetTelnet


GopherGopher



The The

InternetInternet

WWWWWW

Electronic Electronic Mail (Mail (E-MailE-Mail))

TelnetTelnet


GopherGopher



The The

InternetInternet

WWWWWW

Electronic Electronic Mail (Mail (E-MailE-Mail))

World Wide World Wide WebWeb

TelnetTelnet


GopherGopher

THE WORLD WIDE WEBTHE WORLD WIDE WEB

• WWW

• Started in 1991

• Hyperlinks (Links)

• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

• Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (http://)

• Web Server

• Web Master

BrowserBrowser

• Software that retrieves, interprets and displays Web pages

• 2 major browsers : Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator

• Netscape is the improved commercial version of Mosaic, the first graphical web browser created in 1993 by University of Illinois students

URLURL

• Uniform Resource Locator

• address composed of a protocol identifier, a server address and a file pathname

• example: http://www.netscape.com/home/welcome.html

URL DisectedURL Disected

• http is the protocol• netscape is the server• com is the type• netscape.com is the domain name• /home/welcome.html is the pathname• /home is the folder• welcome is the filename• html is the extension

URLURL

• domain names in a URL are case-sensitive

• Internet sites continuously undergo name and address changes

Finding What’s CoolFinding What’s Cool

• spend too much time searching for unique and interesting site

• Netscape routinely scouts the Internet for unusual sites and then places links to those URLs on its What’s Cool page.

• Netscape also compiles a list of What’s New. Anyone can submit the name and URL of a new page, but Netscape reserves the right to reject any entry

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES


• Chat Rooms– Real Time Conversation– Channels– Chat Clients

• Internet Relay Chat (IRC)• Microsoft Chat



• Instant Messaging– Notifies when certain people you select are

online– Allows you to exchange messages or join

private chat



• Portals– A Web site designed to offer a variety of Internet

services from a single convenient location– Free Services

• Search Engine• News• Weather• Sports• E-mail, shopping and chat rooms

– Web communities

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE (e-commerce)

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE (e-commerce)

• Conducting Business Activities Online• Electronic Data Interchange• Three types of commerce

– Business to Consumer (B-to-C , B2C)– Consumer to Consumer (C-to-C , C2C)– Business to Business (B-to-B , B2B)

• Electronic Money• Digital Certificates

Connectivity Connectivity

Full Access to World-Wide Computer Network

Fall1996

FutureFuture

• modem speeds have increased, so has the amount of bandwidth the many Internet applications use

• to prevent future traffic jams, some major Internet projects are underway

The Information Superhighway. An Information Infrastruture.

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