The influence of the invasion by the Germanic tribes on the English language.Anglo-Saxondialects.

Answer the questions(Revision)

1)What are the main periods of the evolution of English?2)What are the main features of

the Old English period? - the Middle English period?

- the Modern English period?

Match the words to their meanings:HordPushSlaveInhabitantForce to adoptDeriveIncomprehensiblePaganKingdomDialectExtendStrongholdDomainPrimacy

ЖительПристосовуватисьДіалектВідштовхуватиПоходитиЯзичникЗмушуватиРабКоролівствоОрдаНезрозумілийПершістьПоширюватиВолодінняФортеця

Match the words to their meanings:HordPushSlaveInhabitantForce to adoptDeriveIncomprehensiblePaganKingdomDialectExtendStrongholdDomainPrimacy

ЖительПристосовуватисьДіалектВідштовхуватиПоходитиЯзичникЗмушуватиРабКоролівствоОрдаНезрозумілийПершістьПоширюватиВолодінняФортеця

When and how did the history of English start?The history of the English language really started with the

arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. They came in hords.

These tribes, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany.At that time the inhabitants of Britain, Britons, spoke a Celtic language. They were pushed west and north by the invaders - mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. Those who stayed became the slaves and were forced to

adopt many of their customs and learn to speak their languages.

The words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English.

The words "England" and "English" are derived from the name of the Angles.

The Angles, Saxons and Jutes spoke different dialects of the West Germanic language from which modern English developed.

The earliest written records are incomprehensible to the speaker of Modern English.

Part of Beowulf, a poem written in Old English

Part of Beowulf, a poem written in Old English

Anglo-Saxon GodsThe Agles, Saxons and Jutes were pagans.The gods of the Anglo-Saxons were:

Tu (Tuesco)- god of Darkness; Woden – god of War; Thor – the Thunderer; Freia – goddess of Prosperity

Monday

Tuesday

Wednes-day

ThursdayFriday

Saturday

Sunday

When people learnt to divide up the time into

weeks

Anglo-Saxons divided

Britain into seven kingdoms

(Wesex, Essex, Sussex, Nothumbria, Kent,Mercia, East Anglia).

Four dialects were spoken in these seven kingdoms: 1) The Nothumbrian (north-east of England) 2) the Mercian (between the Humber and the Themes) 3) the West-Saxon (to the south of the Themes) 4) the Kentish was The language of the Jutes.

Historical facts The 7th century was the cerntury of

Northumbrian primacy. The king of Northumbria Edwin extended his domain to the river Forth and built his stronghold called

Edinburgh. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes fought with one

another for their supreme power, in the course of centuries they became one nation.

The first king to rule over all of them was Egbert, king of Wessex.

He was an early convert to Christianity.Most of the documents in Old English

existed today, are rewritten in Wessex dialect of Anglo-Saxon.

Runes

By the time the Angles and Saxons conquered Britain they had their own letters called “runes” which they carved on stone or wood, but they had no written literature yet.

Norman conquest (1066-1071)Normans were Vikings or “Northman”. 150 years before the

conquest of England they came to France and became French.Norman Conquest gave England French kings, nobles, the French language.There were three languages in England after Norman Conquest: - Latin (language of Church, laws, learnt men could speak and write it); - French (kings and nobles spoke it, many people wrote); - English (the language of masses). Pour people did not

understand French and Latin. They understood only English. In time came general use of English. 1350- English became the language of the law.