The (In)finite Universe
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The (In)finite UniverseThe (In)finite Universe
Suketu BhavsarDirector, Kellogg Honors College
Professor of Physics
Cal State Polytechnic, Pomona
MSU Oct. 1, 2007
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Questions:
What is “the universe?”
Where did it come from?
What is its fate?
What was there before it?
What lies beyond it?
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Spectra:
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red shifted lines = moving awayblue shifted lines = moving towards
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red shift and blue shift
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Hubble’s law
*The speed at which a galaxy recedes is proportional to the its distance.
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The Universe is Expanding!
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More questions:
Why is everything moving away from us?
(Are we special …. or do we just have bad breath?)
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the raisin at the “center”
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Even More questions:
Will the universe expand for ever?
What is the universe expanding into?
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Expansion of the universe …two possible fates
Density of matter decides the fate of the universe
A critical density universe just “turns around”
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Does size matter?
..n…..f…..i…..n…..i…..t..
or
finite
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N o b o u n d a r y
boundary
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What lies beyond a finite universe?
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The surface of a sphere is finite but has no boundary!
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Two generic varieties of curved surfaces
Positive Negative
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Can something infinite be bound?
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A negatively curved surface
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Can something infinite at both ends be bound?
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further insights …..
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the ant’s universe …….
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Density of matter determines curvature of space
Space retains its geometry as it expands
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How does this apply to the universe we live in?
• We live in a 3-D universe.
• What gets curved?
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Einstein’s theory of General Relativity
A theory of space and time
Relates gravity to the curvature of space and time, more accurately spacetime
The universe arises from the creation of space at the beginning of time
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Can we know the geometry of our universe?
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The Geometry of the Universe
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The Geometry of the Universe
The geometry of the Universe is flat. This means the geometry you learned in high school applies over the largest distances in the universe.
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How can we explain such incredible fine tuning?
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Inflation
A theory that the universe expanded very rapidly at very early times
Inflation predicts a flat universe
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Structure in the Universe
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Observational results from CMB –kinds of matter in the universe
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The content of the Universe
ordinary matter - 4%.
cold dark matter - 23%
dark energy - 73%. (One possibility is Einstein’s,
“cosmological constant.”)
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The Age of the Universe with New Accuracy
– WMAP data tell us the age of our universe the margin of error is close to 1%...
–The Universe is
13.7 Billion Years Old!
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Recent observations of very distant type Ia supernovae
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What the distant supernovae tell us
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What could make the universe accelerate!??
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Einstein’s “biggest blunder”the cosmological constant
“Even when I am wrong, I am right!”
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