The Industrial Revolution Part #3 Impacts on Society
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Transcript of The Industrial Revolution Part #3 Impacts on Society
The Industrial Revolution
Part #3 Impacts on Society
Impacts on Society
19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau
Riche
19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau
Riche
Stereotype of the Factory Owner
Stereotype of the Factory Owner
BourgeoisieHad capital could be entrepreneurs
Some blamed them for the plight of the poor, while others felt that they had no choice as the result of stiff competition
Laissez Faire Capitalism Any interference in the market will harm its efficiency Child labor? Subsistence wages? ‘Buying orphans?’ ‘Sixteen hour work days?’
The Poor- negative?
‘the mob’ turned into ‘the working class’Most contemporaries felt that the Industrial Revolution was bad for the working class (aka proletariat)
Young “Bobbin-Doffers”
Young “Bobbin-Doffers”
Conditions of Work in factorieswww.scienceandsociety.co.factories/.../ 104019798_T.JPG
Young Coal MinersYoung Coal Miners
Child Labor in the Mines
Child Labor in the Mines
Child Child “hurriers”“hurriers”
Industrial Staffordshire
Industrial Staffordshire
Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore
Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore
Worker Housing in Manchester
Worker Housing in Manchester
Workers Housing in Newcastle TodayWorkers Housing in Newcastle Today
Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830
Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830
Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages
under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d.
11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d.
17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d.
22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d.
27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d.
32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d.
37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d.
42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d.
47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d.
52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d.
57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d.
The Poor- Positives? Most modern historians believe that in the long run the Industrial Revolution
was a good thing for the working class Cheaper goods… Statistics show slow gains for working class before 1820 and then faster
gains (question is raised, does increased purchasing power lead to happiness)?
Better transportation Gov’ts increasingly step in to help out the market ‘losers’
Factory Act of 1833 Mines Acts
Unions
“The Great Land
Serpent”
“The Great Land
Serpent”
Part IV. Reactions to the I.R.
William Blake
JerusalemAND did those feet in ancient time Walk upon England's mountains green? And was the holy Lamb of God On England's pleasant pastures seen? And did the Countenance Divine Shine forth upon our clouded hills? And was Jerusalem builded here Among these dark Satanic mills? Bring me my bow of burning gold: Bring me my arrows of desire: Bring me my spear: O clouds unfold! Bring me my chariot of fire. I will not cease from mental fight, Nor shall my sword sleep in my hand Till we have built Jerusalem In England's green and pleasant land.
The Luddites: 1811-1816
The Luddites: 1811-1816
Ned LuddNed Ludd [a mythical figure supposed to live [a mythical figure supposed to live in Sherwood Forest]in Sherwood Forest]
Attacks on the “frames” [power looms].Attacks on the “frames” [power looms].
The LudditesThe Luddites
The Neo-Luddites Today
The Neo-Luddites Today
Private Charities: Soup Kitchens
Private Charities: Soup Kitchens
Artistic Reactions
Romanticism Reaction against the cold rational logic of the
enlightenment and industrialization Longed for an idealized pre-rational time of
nature, emotion, and spontaneity Anyone remember the major philosophe seen as
the father of the Romantic movement? Late 18th and most of the 19th centuries
Romanticism
John Constable
Romanticism
John Constable
Romanticism
Realism
opposite of Romanticism An attempt to capture the world as it is:
grit and all Same time period as Romanticism
The Life of the New Urban Poor: A Dickensian
Nightmare!
The Life of the New Urban Poor: A Dickensian
Nightmare!
Landscape with Two Peasant Women , Between 1870 and 1875
--- Realism Millet, Jean-Francois
RealismPeasant-Girls with Brushwood , Circa 1852 Millet, Jean-Francois
Social Scientists and The I.R. Malthus and Ricardo
Does this graph demonstrate Malthus’ or Ricardo’s ideas?
Malthus’ Theories Malthus- Food can only grow at an
arithmetic rate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), while population grows geometrically (2, 4, 8, 16, 32)
The mob or working class will never gain, because population growth will outpace technological ability to feed them
Only two options… dire poverty or wars/plague/death events
Ricardo’s Ideas The Iron Law of Wages
Wages must stay at subsistence level If they go up, the poor have more offspring,
which reduces wages to the point where poor start to die off… eventually reaches an equilibrium at subsistence
Basically reaches the same conclusion as Malthus- poverty is assured
Utopian Socialism
Society/gov can step in to ensure that the rising tide of Industrial efficiency can lift all ships
Drew inspiration from the Radical Phase of the French Revolution
Robert Owen’s Utopian Factory Towns Better living conditions, higher pay, even higher profit? Ultimately failed
Push for Unions Originally fought by elites (in, say, Parliament) Combination Acts of 1799 Eventually, workers in many Western European nations won rights
Saddler Commission Factory Act of 1833 Mines Acts
Utopian Socialists didn’t have a lot of success in affecting change. Historians have criticized them as impractical.
Robert Owen’s Vision
Chartists One reason that workers won rights in Western
Europe was the increasingly widening franchise throughout the 19th century
If workers can vote, politicians must court them Chartists were a British organization that sought
workers right through an expanded franchise The rise of this ‘mass politics’: in other words,
coming closer to true democracy’ will be hugely important in the 2nd half of the 19th century
Engels German academic whose father owned factories in England Engels visited the factories as a young man and was appalled
by the conditions there 1844 The Condition of the Working Class in England He condemned the bourgeoisie as class criminals for their
exploitation We are getting to the idea of class consciousness
His work caught the attention of socialists Especially those who wanted a more scientific socialism (later to be
known as Communism) Engels work in particular got the attention of a German political
philosopher named _____________ Interestingly, Engels may have gotten a skewed view of
industrialization. Why? England went first and made mistakes that other nations didn’t repeat