The Industrial Revolution and its Impact on Political Ideas Socialism and Communism.
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Transcript of The Industrial Revolution and its Impact on Political Ideas Socialism and Communism.
The Industrial Revolution and its Impact on Political Ideas
Socialism and Communism
Fundamental Shift in Lifestyles
For thousands of years small farming communities prevailed
Major Changes occurred in the mid-1700’s
This period is called the Industrial Revolution
What is a Revolution? an overthrow or repudiation and the
thorough replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed.
Sociology. a radical and pervasive change in society and the social structure, esp. one made suddenly and often accompanied by violence. Compare social evolution.
a sudden, complete or marked change in something: the present revolution in church architecture.
A Turning Point in History
Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the mid-1700 (1750 ish)
Radical shift in lifestyle New inventions Urban dwelling –skyscrapers/cities
high rises
Three Factors that led to the Industrial Revolution Agricultural Revolution: 300 years ago a
second agricultural revolution occurred- (remember the first one changed hunting gathering societies into farming communities)
Population Explosion: More food leads to more people
New Technologies: Better us of land, fertilizer, new inventions such as the seed drill emerged Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine-pumped coal out
of mines James Watt improved on this invention in 1769*
Which is not a trigger to the Industrial Revolution
A. The Introduction of Farming. B. The Invention of the Steam
Engine. C. A population explosion.
Why in Britain? The Industrial revolution began in Britain
because: Resources: large supplies of coal, iron and
population New Technology: Economic conditions: trade from overseas
colonies, business class emerges and accumulates capital, takes risks with their capital on new business ventures
Political Conditions: Britain had a stable government, navy protected economic interests,
How did economic conditions impact the Industrial Revolution?
A. Created an working class to its capital in business ventures.
B. Business trade with other European nations lead to more capital.
C. Business class emerged from trade with colonies, that was willing to risk its capital.
Textile Industry-Leader in IR Cotton industry popular in the 1600’s
imported clothe from India Putting out system-peasants would be given
cotton to process and artisans in the cities would finish the product-Production low and slow
New inventions such as the flying shuttle and spinning jenny allowed threads to be spun faster
Lead to factories and the end of the putting out system
First Factories
Manufacturers built long sheds to house these new machines
Spinners and weavers came each day to these sheds to work together
Increased output
What is the putting out system?
A. A system designed to increase productivity in the textile industry.
B. A System in which cotton was distributed to peasants to spin and then dyed and finished by artisans.
C. A system where peasants worked together to spin the cotton in large sheds using new technology
New Technologies
Population growth spurred on by the agricultural revolution led to new technologies –particularly in the realm of energy (water mills, windmills)
Revolution In Transportation Increase in production led to the need
for faster and cheaper methods of moving the goods from place to place
Turnpikes emerge- Steam locomotive-tracks go places that
rivers couldn’t Robert Fulton places James Watt’s
steam engine onto a boat- steam boat emerges
Hardship of Early Industrial Age Industrial age brought extreme wealth
and extreme poverty Urbanization occurs: rapid movement of
people to cities This occurred because of changes in
farming (enclosure, soaring populations, demand for worker
Tenements emerge in the cities-these are multistory buildings divided into crowded apartments
Factory System Heart of the new industrial city Long hours, rigid schedules, unsafe
conditions Women were preferred over men-
easier to control, could be paid less Child Labor: used to fix small
equipment –wages were needed to keep families from starving
The Working Class
Protests as jobs were lost to machine
These protest were suppress often with violence
The New Middle Class Entrepreneurs were the ones to benefit
from the IR Middle Class emerges Families lived in nice homes as
compared to the tenements of the working class
Valued hard work Thought poor were responsible for the
own misery
New Ways of Thinking Thomas Malthus wrote Essay on the
Principle of Population Predicted that population would outpacefood
supply War, disease and famine kept populations low
Adam Smith: wrote Wealth of Nations Supported the free market Unregulated goods and services More goods lower prices benefits everyone
New Ways of Thinking
Ricardo: agreed with Malthus about population- said the poor had too many children
Iron law of wages – when wages are high poor have more kids
Held no hope that the poor could escape poverty
The Utilitarians Jeremy Bentham: goal of society
was the greatest happiness for the greatest number of the citizens
Supported individual freedom/with some government involvement
John Stuart Mill-actions are right if they promote happiness and wrong if they case pain
Emergence of Socialism Laissez faire economics focused on
individual rights others focused on godd of society
Goal of socialism was to end poverty and injustice
According to socialism the people own the means of production, not the individual
Means of production are the farms, factories and railways that produce and distribute goods
Socialism Continued The Utopians: built communities
where property and work were shared in common
No classes reduces fighting Thomas Moore gave this group its
name Robert Owen a successful Welsh
mill owner set up such a community called New Lanark
Scientific Socialism Karl Marx a German philosopher called
the utopians unrealistic put forth the theory of scientific socialism
Collaborated with Friedrich Engels Wrote the Communist Manifesto Communism their name for their brand
of socialism-sees class struggles between employer and employees as unavoidable
Marxism
In the Communist Manifesto-Marx believed that economics was the force behind all history
History of class struggles Proletariat were the working class Middle class was the bourgeoisie Despised capitalism