The Increased of Western Influenced in Brunei

8/6/2019 The Increased of Western Influenced in Brunei

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y Beginning of 16th century

y Brunei was an important sultanate in the northwesternpart of borneo.

y It was stratigically located of the sea lanes of SouthChina Sea.

y However Bruneis authority over its vast territory hasbegun to weaken due to the coming of the westernpower.


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Who are those westernpowers?


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y In 1577 and 1580, Spanish

tried to conquer Bruneiwith naval attacks.

y they even ransacked

Brunei Town in 1645.

However they did not succeed in establishing alasting hold over Brunei.

y Thus it was left to Dutch and British in theirattempt to dominate Borneo.


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y In 1600, Dutch Admiral,Oliver van Noort visited Brunei.

y Dutch were not interested inNorth Borneo, but they focussedon southern and western part ofBorneo.

y They began to develop traderelation with sultanate alongsouthern and western coasts ofBorneo.

y However disaster struck when Dutch tried to establishedthemselves.


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y

End of 18th

Century

y Dutch succeeded in establishing their

control in the western and southern part ofBorneo by using forced and diplomacy.

y However political development in europesoon forced them to withdraw from most oftheir territory in Borneo.


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y Beginning of 19th century

y British concentrated on the northern part of the island dueto strategic reasons.

y Dutch extended their influence in southern part forpolitical and commercial reasons.

y North Borneo became important to British as they neededa place for their ship over between straits of Malacca andChina

y British captured Manila in 1762 during the Seven Tears Warin Europe but had no long-term interest on it so it wasreturned to Spain in 1764.


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Anglo-Dutch Treaty 1824

The treaty was signed on 23 March 1824 and throughthis treaty, Dutch and British agreed to settle their

territorial conflicts in the East.

As a result:-

y The Dutch control the south of the Straits ofMalacca (southern part of Borneo, Bencoolen)

y The British control the north of Straits of Malacca(Malacca, Singapore)


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Arrival of James Brooke

y James Brooke a well-known British adventurer, hadbeen a military officer in British India. With the

money that his father left for him, James Brookebought a yacht called the Royalist. His plan was toexplore the Marudu Bay, New Guinea and Sulu Islandsfor Scientific and Commercia interests. At that time,hehad no political ambitions.


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Emergence of James Brooke in Brunei

y James Brooke reached in Singapore in 1838 where heheard that Sarawak was rich in antimony ore. So he set

off to Lidah Tanah (Kuching)in august 1839.

y At the same time, Datu Patinggi Ali lead a rebellionagainst the oppressive Pengiran Indera Mahkota

(Bruneis Governor of Sarawak) who was hated by thelocal people for using force labour to extract ore frommines.


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y Pengiran Muda Hashim was sent by Sultan Omar AliSaifuddien II to solve the political problem in Sarawak.

However Pengiran Muda Hashim failed to settle due tothe dispute he have with Pengiran Indera Mahkota.

y When James brooke arrived,Pengiran Muda Hashimasked for his help to end the rebellion in return he will

be appointed as the Governor of Sarawak.

y After James Brooke successfully ended the rebellion,he asked Pengiran Muda Hashim to keep his promise

to appoint him as the Governor of Sarawak and forgivethe rebels, but Pengiran Muda Hashim Refuse to do so.James Brooke was very angry that he threatened toattack the house of Pengiran Muda Hashim.


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y Later, on 24 September 1841,Pengiran Muda Hashim

had to appoint James Brooke as the Governor ofSarawak by signing the Treaty of 1841.Due to thistreaty, Pengiran Indera Mahkota had to step down andleft for Mukah.


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The Increased of Western Influenced in Brunei

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