The Increased Importance of Professional Values, Ethics...
Transcript of The Increased Importance of Professional Values, Ethics...
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The Increased Importance of Professional Values, Ethics and
Attitudes
IAI International Seminar for Professional AccountantJakarta, 30 Maret 2017
Prof. Sidharta Utama PhD CA CFAMember of IAESB & DPN IAI
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IAESB
• Serves the public interest by establishing standards in the area of professional accounting education
• Prescribes technical competence and professional skills, values, ethics, and attitudes.
• Enhances education by developing and implementing International Education Standards™ (IES™), which increase the competence of the global accountancy profession—contributing to strengthened public trust.
What is the IAESB mandate?
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Increased Importance of Professional
Values, Ethics and Attitudes
Continued globalization of capital markets
Convergence towards IFRS
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Professional Competence
Professional Values,
Ethics, and Attitudes
Professional Skills
Technical Competen
ce
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Professional Values, Ethics, and Attitudes
Professional Skepticism &
JudgmentEthical Principles
Commitment to Public Interest
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Corporate Scandals & Professional Accountants
• In recent decades, major corporate scandals around the world have almost always been associated with misuse of entity resources and manipulation of financial statements.
• A primary reason for professional accountants failing to perform their roles is that they did not apply professional values, ethics and attitudes as part of their work.
• The Satyam case in India:
Chief Internal Auditor was not independent in performing his duties;
Chief Executive Officer (and Chief Internal Auditor) collaborated in manipulation of key documents;
External auditor did not always apply professional skepticism when questioning the integrity of confirmation responses received from Satyam or following-up directly with third-parties.
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Improving and Maintaining Competence
Constant change in relevant environment:
public expectation, globalization, accounting standards, advances in technology, business complexity, societal
changes
Need to develop and maintain
professional competence
Satisfy users’ needs which contributes to an efficent economy and value to society
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Capital market: Enable the Separation of Ownership and Control of Capital
More efficient capital allocation
Increases
the risk of wealth expropriation of public shareholders by ‘insiders’ who have control of the capital
Globalization increases the benefits as well the risk
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Role of Professional Accountants: Help Build Investor Confidence in Capital Market
Technical competence,
combined with application of professional
skepticism, ethical values and a
commitment to public interest
Design and implement sound
internal controls to prevent
misappropriation of an entity’s resources
or fraudulent financial reporting
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The role of professional accountant: Reduce the risk of Principle-Based Approach
Global convergence to
IFRS which adopts the principles-
based approach
The use of the principles-based approach relies
heavily on professional
judgment
Insiders can use professional
judgement to opportunistically manipulate the
financial statements
The application of professional skepticism and ethical skills
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Challenge: Insufficient development of professional value, ethics & attitudes
Developing professional
value, ethics & attitudes is not
adequate
Learning and development on technical competence and
professional skills is perceived to be less complex and less
costly than those on prof value, ethics & attitudes
Assessments should include elements such as observation and feedback on the behavior
of the individual and by its very nature it can become complicated and expensive
Most PAOs currently adopt the
input based approach in
monitoring CPD of their members
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Improving Professional Values, Ethics & Attitudes• The curriculum of professional accounting education programs:
integrate and complement technical competence with, professional skills, values, ethics and attitudes.
• The assessment of the achievement of professional competence: not be overly reliant on exams but also on other assessment methods
• Practical experience requirements: PAOs are able to effectively evaluate whether aspiring accountants have demonstrated exercise of professional values, ethics and attitudes in an applied context.
• CPD programs: put more emphasis on developing professional values, ethics, and attitudes; transformed from using metric-based ‘input’ approaches to methods that focus on self-assessment, feedback on the application of learning, or reflection.
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Thank You