The Importants of Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Plants

8/13/2019 The Importants of Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Plants

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1.Macronutrientsare element required by plants inrelatively large amounts.

2.In the water culture method, macronutrients areneeded in a few hundred parts per million.3.Carbon(C),hydrogen(H),and oxygen(O) aremacronutrients that can be easily obtained fromcarbon dioxide in the atmosphereand water from the soil.


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1.Micronutrients are elements that are required byplatnts in small quantities.These micronutrients are :

2.In the water culture method, quantities ofmicronutrients that are as little as one part permillion.3.To determine which elements are required fornormal growth ,plants seedlings are grown asKnops solution.


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Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO 3)2) 0.8g

Potassium nitrate 0.2gPotassium dihydrogenphosphate(KH2PO4)

0.2g

Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) 0.2g

Ferum(iii)phosphate(FEPO4) TraceDistilled water 1000cm3


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To examine the effects of the lack ofcalcium,the calcium nitrate in knopssolution is replaced with sodium nitrate.The growth of this plant can becompared to the growth another plantthat is grown in the completeknopsolution.the absence of one or more of thesenutrients can lead to mineraldeficiencies in plants.


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Macronutrient functions Effects of deficiencies

Phosphorus ~Synthesis of nucleic acids,adenosinetriphosphates(ATP) and phospolipids ofplasma membrane.~Acts as a coenzyme in photosynthesisand respiration.

~Poor root growth.~Formation of dull,darkgreen leaves.

Potassium ~Protein synthesis carbohydratesmetabolism and as a cofactor for manyenzymes.~Maintains turgidity in plants.

~Reduce proteinsynthesis~Yellow-edged leaves.~Premature death ofplants.

calcium ~A major constituent of the middlelamella of cell walls.~Formation of spindle fibres during celldivision.

~Stunted growth .~leaves becomedistorted and cupped.~Areas between leafveins become yellow.

Magnesium ~Synthesis of chlorophyll.~Activates many plants enzymes.

~Involved in carbohydrate metabolism.

~Yellowing of the regionsbetween the veins of

mature leaves(chlorosis).~Red spots on leavessurfaces.~Leaves becomecupped.

Sulphur ~Synthesis of certain amino acids andnucleic acids.

~Synthesis of vitamin B and somecoenzymes.

~General yellowing theaffected of leaves or the

entire plant.


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MICRONUTRIENT FUNCTIONS EFFECTS OFDEFICIENCIES

Boron ~Aids in calcium ion uptake byroots and translocation of sugars.

~Involved in carbohydratemetabolism.

~Aids in germination of pollen

grains.

~Required for normal mitotic cell

division the meristems.

~Death of terminal

buds .

~abnormal plantgrowth.

~Leaves become

thick, curled and

brittle.

Copper ~An important component ofenzymes.

~Involved in nitrogen metabolism

and photosynthesis.

~Important for reproductive

growth and flower formation in

plants.

~Death young shoottips.

~Brown spots

appear on terminal

leaves.

~Plants are stunted.

Iron ~A cofactor in the synthesis ofchlorophyll.

~Essential for young growing

plants.

~Yellowing of young

leaves.


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Manganese ~An activator of enzyme inphotosynthesis ,respiration and

nitrogen metabolism.

~A network of green

veins on alight

green background.

~Brown or greyspots between the

veins.

Molybdenum ~Involved in nitrogen fixation.~Reduction of nitrates during

photosynthesis.

~Chlorosis in the

areas between the

veins of mature

leaves.

~Pale green leaves.

~Reduction in crop

yields.

Zinc ~Formation of leaves.~Synthesis of auxin(a type of

growth hormone in plants).

~Acts as a cofactor incarbohydrates metabolism.

~Mottled leaves

with irregular areas

of chlorosis.

~Retarded growth.


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Prepared by NIVASHINIELAVARASISOPANAMAGESSURENDRANRUTTIRAN

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The Importants of Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Plants

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