Sabonet Report No 25 Herbarium Essentials Southern African Herbarium User Manual
The Importance of Standardization of the Data Format: A Case Study from the National Herbarium of...
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The Importance of Standardization of the Data Format:
A Case Study from the National Herbarium
of the Netherlands
Universiteit Leiden
Willemse, L.P.M., Mols, J.B., Welzen, P.C. van & Smets, E.F.
Standardization:
The process of ensuring that the electronic storage of (biodiversity) information is consistent within and between databases in such a way that information is similarly structured and the individual basic data elements have an identical format.
Data format:
The exact layout and text arrangement of the contents of a basic data-element including guidelines on how to deal with exceptional/ extraordinary instances.
Universiteit Leiden
NHN digitization
• start 1996
• project - permanent
• taxon – region - group
• 850,000 specimens (out of 5.5 million)
• off the shelf software
• three branches
Introduction
www.nationaalherbarium.nl/virtual/
Universiteit Leiden
Data structure• HISPID
Universiteit Leiden
Introduction
Standardization of:
Data
• plant distribution
• ISO country code
• author abbreviation
• collections
• periodicals
Protocol:
• description
• domain/value
• syntax
• guidelines
• annexes
Universiteit Leiden
Introduction
Software used at the NHN: BRAHMS
Data files with botanical specimen data handled between 1996 – 2006
• from the Leiden branch of the NHN
• from the other two branches of the NHN
• from institutes worldwide
• from herbaria participating in SEABCIN (KEP, SAN, SAR, BKF, SING, BO, PNH)
Universiteit Leiden
Data format
Universiteit Leiden
www.seabcin.org
Data format
Universiteit Leiden
Data format
Universiteit Leiden
Data format
The same
Different
Collector names:
www.nationaalherbarium.nl/fmcollectors/
Universiteit Leiden
Data format
Collector names:
• different notation
Universiteit Leiden
Data format
Collector
Willemse, L.P.M.
Willemse, L.
Willemse
Collector Addcoll
Mogea W.J.J.O. de Wilde
J.P.Mogea W.J.J.O. de Wilde
Mogea, J.P. Wilde, W.J.J.O. de
Mogea & W.J.J.O. de Wilde
Mogea; W.J.J.O. de Wilde
J.P.Mogea & W.J.J.O. de Wilde
J.Mogea & W. de Wilde
Universiteit Leiden
Data format
Collector names:• different notation
• more collectors
Addcoll
P.C. van Welzen
van Welzen, P.C.
Van Welzen, P.C.
Welzen, P.C. van
Universiteit Leiden
Data format
Collector names:• different notation
• more collectors
• prepositions
Collector names:• different notation
• more collectors • prepositions
• Titles/ranks & composition
title/ranks
composition
Sarifa Abu Bakar
Postar Jaiwit Miun
Yu Ming Ju
Ignatius Bernard
Duanis GuritamDr./Ir./Prof.
Hj. (Haji)
Mr./Mrs./M.
Père/Father
F.G./D.O.
Universiteit Leiden
Data format
Collector Addcoll Prefix Number
Anderson, J.A.R. S 27682
Anderson, J.A.R. S27682
S Anderson, J.A.R. 27682
Universiteit Leiden
Data format
Collector number:
insitute series
Collector number:• insitute series
• used more than once
Collector Addcoll Prefix Number Suffix
Clemens, J. Clemens, M.S. 30339
Clemens, J. Clemens, M.S. 30339 A!
Universiteit Leiden
Data format
Collector number:• insitute series• used more than once
• more series
Collector Prefix Number Suffix
Beccari, O. Musci 167
Beccari, O. 167
Universiteit Leiden
Data format
Collector number:• insitute series• used more than once• more series
• compound numbers
Prefix Number Suffix
920419-1/7
920419-1/ 7
920419- 1 /7
Universiteit Leiden
Data format
• Data from different sources are rarely completely consistent
• Differences in format are “difficult” to solve (in comparison with differences in structure)
• Differences interfere with data exchange
• Many factors cause these differences
• Standardization data format underrated
Universiteit Leiden
Conclusions
• more effort in promoting and findingmeans to enforce standards
• expand HISPID
• develop standard specimen labels
• standard for collector names
Universiteit Leiden
Recommendations