The Importance of Attitudes in Leadership Brandon Kessler Brendia Morrison Phil Bolton Virginia...
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Transcript of The Importance of Attitudes in Leadership Brandon Kessler Brendia Morrison Phil Bolton Virginia...
The Importance of Attitudes in Leadership
Brandon KesslerBrendia Morrison
Phil BoltonVirginia Leonard
Jim Browning
Defining Attitude
• manner, disposition, feeling, position, etc. with regard to a person or thing; tendency or orientation, especially of the mind.
(Webster online dictionary, 2009)
How are attitudes formed?
• Natural disposition
• Formed through relationships / experiences– “parents are our first teachers”
(Bevilacqua, 2009)
Elements of Attitude
• Individuality• Background• Personal Choice• Thought Patterns
(Stanton et al., 2009)
Developing your attitude in terms of leadership:
• Task orientation– Directive Attitude
• Employee orientation– Supportive Attitude
(Vecchio, 1988) (Zigarmi et al., 1986)
Developing your attitude is important!
Country Club Management
Supporting
Team Management
Coaching
Impoverished Management
Delegating
Authority / Obedience Management
Directing
•Impoverished Management •(low concern for the task, low concern for people)
•Country Club Management• (low concern for the task, high concern for the people)
•Authority/Obedience Management •(high concern for task, low concern for people)
•Team Management• (high concern for task, high concern for people)
(Vecchio, 1988) (Zigarmi et al., 1986)
How do you lead your group? What is your attitude to both them and the task at hand?
Attitude Components and Dynamics
VALUESHeld as
important
VALUESHeld as
important
ATTITUDEtowardreferent
orobject
ATTITUDEtowardreferent
orobject
INTENTIONSto
behave
INTENTIONSto
behaveOBSERVABLE
BEHAVIOROBSERVABLE
BEHAVIOR
(Carter-Scott et al., 2004)
Attitude
“Everything can be taken from a man but one thing, the last of
the human freedoms – to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances, to choose one’s
own way.”
Victor Frankl
(Carter-Scott et al., 2004)
The Right Attitude…
• determines how you view things.• quality of your life.• how you view life.• how we face adversity.• how face obstacles.
(Carter-Scott et al., 2004)
Attitude Facts
• Estimated that Success is 80% Attitude and 20% Aptitude
• Positive Mental Attitude – Enriches your Personal Life– Your Relationships– Your Career
• Positive Outlook – the difference between enjoying what you do or simply tolerating it.
(Thomas, 1998)
Example of the Learning and Expression of Attitude toward Work and Career
Father Was Never Late or Unnecessarily
Absent From his Job
Father Was Never Late or Unnecessarily
Absent From his Job
Help, Encouragement &
Rewards From Teachers
Help, Encouragement &
Rewards From Teachers
Current Job with High Pay and
Good Promotion Prospects
Current Job with High Pay and
Good Promotion Prospects
Positive Experiences
With Past and Present
Supervisors
Positive Experiences
With Past and Present
SupervisorsMother Won an
Award for Helping Her
Company in an Emergency
Mother Won an Award for
Helping Her Company in an
Emergency
Parents Involve Child with
Interesting Work Projects at
Home
Parents Involve Child with
Interesting Work Projects at
Home
Many Opportunities to
Socialize With Successful People
Many Opportunities to
Socialize With Successful People
(Carter-Scott et al., 2004)
Attributes of Leaders with a Positive Attitude
• A person of value• Creates a positive action plan to meet goals• Beliefs – instill these into the people around you
– demonstrate through action• Provide intellectual nutrition and transform
minds
(Harrell, 2003)
Attributes of Leaders with a Positive Attitude cont.
• Be passionate about what you do• The right attitude creates opportunity• The right attitude motivates others• Inspire others• Lead yourself first
(Harrell, 2003)
Leaders Lead Themselves First
• Identify your own SWOT– Strengths– Weaknesses– Opportunities– Threat
• P A T – Principle of Successful Leadership– Passion– Approachability– Thoughtfulness
(Harrell, 2003)
Leaders Lead Themselves First
• “Loose lead” – lead by example• “Pull leadership” – leading the way
shows the way• Avoid “push leadership” – pushing
others while you remain idle
(Harrell, 2003)
Attitude – Put It Into Practice
• Attitude About Yourself:– Hopeful vs. Helpless– Dream vs. Doubt
• Attitude About Others:– Strengths vs. Flaws– Accepting vs. Judging
• Attitude About the World:– Opportunities vs. Problems– Embracing vs. Resisting
(Ursiny et al., 2008)
10 Steps to a Positive Attitude• Keep Your Life Balanced• Don’t Give Up• Make the Most of the Situation• Engage in Positive Self-Talk• Visualize Success• Attack Problems Head-On• Look for the Bright Side• Maintain a Sense of Humor• Make Work Fun• Accentuate the Positives
(Fritz, 2008)
Impact
Impact is Influence
Influence - to produce an effect on by imperceptible or intangible
means; sway.
(American Heritage Dictionary)
Leaders as Influencers
Skilled Influencers• Help their followers transform their
attitudes toward a behavior• Help followers see the implications of their
actions and choices• Help followers become personally motivated
to enact new behaviors
(Grenny et al., 2008)
Leaders as Influencers
Ineffective Influencers• Assume there is no way to change followers
attitudes toward a behavior• Compensate for lack of personal motivation
by:– Pressuring & Forcing
• Peer Pressure
– Bribing and Threatening• Carrots & Sticks
(Grenny et al., 2008)
Impact
A critical part of attitude is empowerment
Equipping followers with authority and abilities
Attitude Predicates and Dictates Performance
Good Attitude = Good Performance
Poor Attitude = Poor Performance
Positive Mental Attitude is ContagiousUnfortunately, so is a bad attitude
(Lutz, 2005)
Impact
Attitude is often the deciding factor in new hires
An applicant who:- Gets along well with others- Handles pressure and stress- Demonstrates a pleasant personality and attitude
…is more likely to do a good job than one lacking those qualities.
(Weiss, 2001)
As Albert Einstein put it: “Setting an example is not the main means of influencing another, it is the only means.”
(Garrett, 2001)
5 Crippling Habits:Are they attacking your organization?
• Absence of Clear Directives• Lack of Accountability• Rationalizing Inferior Performance• Planning in Lieu of Action• Aversion to Risk and Change
(Prosen, 2006)
Communication in the Workplace
• Nonverbal Communication Sends Messages– Body language– Facial expression– Vocal intonation
• Everyday Attitudes, Behaviors, and Decisions– What employees see
(Lee, 2008)
Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?
• Powerful communication tool– Attitudes– Behaviors
• Managers/Leaders usually do not plan for this– Missed Opportunity
• Attitudes/Behaviors are displayed daily– Day-to-day choices– Habits– Expectations and biases– Hunches
(Lee, 2008)
How to Reinforce the Vision or Influence Attitude
“All good performance starts with clear goals.”Ken Blanchard and Spencer Johnson
•Leadership Behaviors•Visibility•Personnel Choices•Use of Time•Presence and Accessibility
(Lee, 2008)
What May Limit Your Skills?
• Poor work ethic/poor quality work• Unprofessional behavior• Negative attitude• Unwilling/unable to learn new things• Lack of commitment• Poor communication skills• Acting arrogantly• Unreceptive to feedback/unwilling to take
responsibility for mistakes• Lack of leadership/client service abilities
(Ivancevich, 2009)
“The key to developing people is to catch them doing something right.”Ken Blanchard Spencer Johnson
The One Minute Leader
(Blanchard, 2007)
Changes in Attitude………
From Above, Below, Sideways………….
…..The floggings will continue until morale improves…Solution: Mutiny
……….Changes in Latitudes, changes in attitudes……Solution: Margaritaville
………………..You can take this job and shove it…….Solution: Lottery
(Buffett, 1977) (Coe, 1976)
Attitude vs. Leadership Styles
• Transactional
• Transformational
Some Perceptions….
…….we have explored
Measure of Leadership
Transactional
Transformational
Your EffectivenessIn Leadership
How you perceive yourself And
How others perceive You
Your Behavior and the Behavior of
Others
Influence
Attitudes
(Maxwell, 2005)
The Research
• Significant amount of material on work attitudes and behaviors
• Many different conclusions • Many different definitions of
“attitude”– Values Attitudes Moods (VAM) Model
– Attitude Structure – Meaning at Work
– numerous others………….
(George et al., 1997) (Olson et al., 1993) (Epps, 2003)
What to Change……
• Influences on Attitude – How you view your environment– How you view the people around you– How the people around you view you
• Indicators:
– Job Satisfaction– Job Involvement– Organizational Commitment
(George et al., 1997)
Attitude Change Potential
• Potential for change is dependent on personality traits and baseline attitudes – Ability to deal positively with
change
– Curmudgeon Factor
(George et al., 1997) (Epps, 2003)
Changing AttitudesCurrent State Future State
EnvironmentNegativeInfluence
Perception: CredibilityIssues
Bad Attitudes, Not meeting Requirements -Social Loafing
EnvironmentFactors Negated
PerceptionsCorrected:Credibility Established!
Practically Perfect ………………..in every way!
Happy and Productive
(George et al., 1997) (Stevenson et al., 1964)
No Simple Answers
• Attitudes are based on multidimensional, individual personalities and situations– Current environments– Current organizational culture– Current career point and expectations
36 Basic Values, Hundreds of Attitudes……
(Rokeach, 1973)
Ideas for ChangeIndicators Action
Body Language/Facial ExpressionsVerbal CommentsSocial LoafingAbsenteeism
Negative Attitude
Positive Attitude Body Language/Facial ExpressionsVerbal CommentsCommunicator & ListenerCommitment/AchievementMentors and Trains
CommunicateListenLook for Obvious CauseEncourage/ AssistChange the environmentRe-assign/ Remove
Recognize & Acknowledge Challenge & Stretch Expand ResponsibilitiesReward & PromoteMentor Others
(George et al., 1997) (Epps, 2003)(Stevenson et al., 1973) (Maxwell, 2005)
Up
Down
Across
5 Steps to Changing Your Attitude
• Step 1: Learn More – the more you know confidence positive attitude success
• Step 2: Identify the Pitfalls – identify unknown factors examine fears
• Step 3: Learn Positive Self-Talk – creates self-image, level of self-esteem, self-confidence, and your attitude
• Step 4: Make Daily Affirmations – repeat your goals daily
• Step 5: Surround Yourself with Positive People – close your mind to negativity
(Carter-Scott et al., 2004)
Attitude Change - Summary
• Attitude is Critically Important in Effective Leadership
• You must understand What drives attitudes on your team in order determine How you can make changes– Multitude of factors influence attitude– Some people are easily influenced– Some people will never change
References• Blanchard, K., (2007). Leadership smarts: Inspiration and wisdom from the heart of a leader.
(1st ed.). Colorado Springs, CO: Honor Books. • Buffett, J., (1977). Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes. Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes. [LP], Miami,
Nashville: ABC Dunhill.• Buttner, E., Lowe, B., & Billings-Harris, L., (2006). The Influence of Organizational Diversity
Orientation and Leader Attitude on Diversity Activities. Journal of Managerial Issues, 18 (3), 356. • Carter-Scott, C., Fraser, J., Anderson, C., Bazar, T., Boucher, J., Carmichael, F., et al. (2004). Ordinary Women…
Extraordinary Success. Franklin Lakes, NJ: The Career Press, Inc.• Coe, D.A., (1976). Take this Job and Shove It. [Johnny Paycheck] Take this Job and Shove It [LP], Nashville: EPIC
(1977).• Epps, J., (2003). The Journey of Meaning at Work, Group Facilitation, 5, 17-25.• Garrett, A.(2001, August). Crash Course in… Leading by Example . Retrieved from http://
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(Personal Moral & Values). Retrieved from http://www.helium.com/items/1561123-how. • Grenny, J., Maxfield, D., and Shimberg (2008).How to Have Influence. MIT Sloan Management Review, Volume 50
(No.1), pp. 47 – 52.
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Integrated Model of Charismatic Leadership. Journal of Management, Apr. 2005; vol. 31: pp. 255 – 277. Retrieved September 16, 2009, from Sage Publications.
• Harrell, Keith (2003). The Attitude of Leadership. Taking the Lead and Keeping It. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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• Ursiny, Tim, DeMoss, Gary, & Ybaben, Marc (2008). The Top Performers Guide to Attitude. Essential Skills That Put You On Top. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks Inc.
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