The Impact of the Enlightenment Chapter 10, Section 3.
-
Upload
terence-moody -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
3
Transcript of The Impact of the Enlightenment Chapter 10, Section 3.
The Impact of the Enlightenment
Chapter 10, Section 3
The Arts
• Architecture and Art– Royal courts and
cathedrals– New artistic style rococo
• Emphasized grace and charm
• Music– Bach, Handel, Haydn, and
Mozart
• Literature– Development of the first
European novel
Enlightened Absolutism• Enlightened Absolutism
– Rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their power
• What were those principles?– Equality under the law– Freedom of worship– Freedom of speech– Freedom of press– Rights to assemble, hold
property, and pursue happiness
• Do you think all leaders follow these principles?
Russia• Peter the Great had
Europeanized Russia– 6 weak successors followed him
until another great leader emerged
• Catherine the Great was the German wife of Peter III– Peter III was killed by a group of
nobles
• Following Peter III’s death, Catherine took control of Russia– Invited Denis Diderot to live in
Russia and help include Enlightenment principles
– Chose not to abide by these principles in fear that she may upset the nobles
Prussia• Frederick William the Great
Elector had established Prussia as a European power– 40,000 man army, 4th largest in
Europe
• Frederick II (Frederick the Great) – Invited Voltaire to live in his
palace– Abolished torture in most
cases, granted some freedom of speech and press
– Still kept the serfdom and social structure of old
Austria• Austria was large, but composed
of many different peoples– Difficult to rule
• Maria Theresa– Didn’t do much to include
Enlightenment principles– Did make life easier for peasants
• Joseph Theresa– Abolished serfdom and the death
penalty– Established equality under the
law and enacted religious toleration
– Too much change for the people meant no success• Joseph was a failure, his successors
undid almost all he had changed
War of the Austrian Succession• When Maria Theresa took control
of Austria, Frederick II of Prussia decided to attack– Thought of female leadership as
weak– Invaded the territory of Silesia
• Both nations quickly rushed for allies– Austria – Great Britain– Prussia – France– War was fought in Europe, Asia, and
North America
• Seven years of fighting (1740-1748) waged until the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was signed– Returned all territories except Silesia
• Would soon influence another war in Europe
The Seven Years’ War• What forced the war:
– Competition over colonial claims (France and Great Britain)
– Silesia never being returned– New alliances being formed
• France, Austria, and Russia• England and Prussia
• What created the new alliances:– France and Great Britain were
competing over colonial land– Austria and Prussia were upset
over Silesia situation– Russia saw Prussia as a threat to
Russian goals in Europe
The War in Europe• All major powers involved
were fighting in Europe– France, Austria, and Russia vs
Great Britain and Prussia
• 1756-1763• France, Austria, and Russia are
winning until Peter III pulls Russian troops from Prussia– Forces a stalemate and the
eventual end to fighting in Europe
• Treaty of Paris of 1763 ends the war
The War in India
• Fought between the British and the French over colonial control
• British win French possessions in India
• Treaty of Paris of 1763 forces France to leave their possessions under British control
The War in America• Another clash between the
British and the French for colonial control
• Also known as the French and Indian War– French and Native Americans vs
British and colonies
• French had more troops, British had more naval resources– Able to cut off French from
supply and trade ships coming to Americas
• Treaty of Paris of 1763 gave Canada and French land east of the Mississippi to England