Specific Immunity Destroy specific antigens that invade the body.
The Immune System OverviewOverview –Systems involved –Cells involved Non-specific...
-
Upload
cory-henderson -
Category
Documents
-
view
224 -
download
0
Transcript of The Immune System OverviewOverview –Systems involved –Cells involved Non-specific...
The Immune SystemThe Immune System
• OverviewOverview– Systems involvedSystems involved– Cells involvedCells involved
• Non-specific ImmunityNon-specific Immunity
• Specific ImmunitySpecific Immunity– AntibodiesAntibodies– ComplementComplement– Immunology TutorialImmunology Tutorial
Host defense mechanismsHost defense mechanisms
First line of defenseFirst line of defense: host ____________ and : host ____________ and
chemical barriers (skin, mucous, tears, etc.)chemical barriers (skin, mucous, tears, etc.)
Second line of defenseSecond line of defense: phagocytes and : phagocytes and
______________________ (non-specific)______________________ (non-specific)
Third line of defenseThird line of defense: __________________ : __________________
immune reactionsimmune reactions
Systems involved in immune defenses
Systems involved in immune defenses
1) 1) BloodstreamBloodstream
2) 2) Lymphatic systemLymphatic system
3) 3) Reticuloendothelial (or mononuclear Reticuloendothelial (or mononuclear
phagocyte) systemphagocyte) system -- support system of -- support system of
_____________________ tissue fibers and _____________________ tissue fibers and
endotheliumendothelium
4) 4) Extracellular fluidExtracellular fluid
Communicating systemsCommunicating systems
Communicating systemsCommunicating systems
Important blood cells involved in immune systems
Important blood cells involved in immune systems
Stem cellsStem cells -- undifferentiated cells which give rise to all the -- undifferentiated cells which give rise to all the
others. Found in __________ ____________. Produce others. Found in __________ ____________. Produce
erythrocytes (RBCs), erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytesleukocytes (WBCs), and platelets (WBCs), and platelets
LeukocytesLeukocytes are generally divided into 2 groups: are generally divided into 2 groups:
granulocytesgranulocytes (polymorphonuclear __________________) (polymorphonuclear __________________)
and and agranulocytes agranulocytes (mononuclear leukocytes)(mononuclear leukocytes)
Examples of granulocytesExamples of granulocytes: neutrophils (“microphage”), basophils, : neutrophils (“microphage”), basophils, eosinophilseosinophils
Examples of agranulocytesExamples of agranulocytes: monocytes, lymphocytes: monocytes, lymphocytes
Granular leukocytesGranular leukocytes
ErythrocytesErythrocytes
Agranular leukocyteAgranular leukocyte
AgranulocytesAgranulocytes
LymphocytesLymphocytes
__________________________ -- derived from the thymus. -- derived from the thymus. Important in Important in cell-mediated immunitycell-mediated immunity..
__________________________ -- derived from bone marrow, -- derived from bone marrow, primarily. primarily. Important in Important in humoral immunityhumoral immunity..
Monocytes -- large, common, important in Monocytes -- large, common, important in ____________________ and specific ____________________ and specific immune functions. Non-circulatory (tissue-immune functions. Non-circulatory (tissue-associated) monocytes are known as associated) monocytes are known as macrophagesmacrophages. .
LymphocyteLymphocyte: note_____________ nucleus, little cytoplasm.: note_____________ nucleus, little cytoplasm. Is smaller than monocyteIs smaller than monocyte
NeutrophiNeutrophil l (a granular (a granular
leukocyte): note leukocyte): note
granules and granules and
___________ nucleus___________ nucleus
MonocyteMonocyte: note unlobed, : note unlobed,
rounded nucleus and rounded nucleus and
apparent lack of granulesapparent lack of granules
Non-Specific Immune ReactionsNon-Specific Immune Reactions
• InflammationInflammation
• Phagocytosis (and presentation)Phagocytosis (and presentation)
• ComplementComplement
““Rubor” -- __________Rubor” -- __________
““Calor” -- warmthCalor” -- warmth
““Tumor” -- ____________Tumor” -- ____________
““Dolor” -- painDolor” -- pain
Non-specific Immunity: Phagocytosis
Non-specific Immunity: Phagocytosis
• Carried out primarily by neutrophils and by Carried out primarily by neutrophils and by
monocytes/macrophages (collectively monocytes/macrophages (collectively
called ‘_______________’)called ‘_______________’)
The scanning electron micrograph above, shows a human macrophage (gray) approaching a Streptococcus pyogenes (yellow). Riding atop the macrophage is a spherical lymphocyte. Both macrophages and lymphocytes can be found near an infection, and the interaction between these cells is important in eliminating infection.
Phagocytosis by MacrophagesPhagocytosis by Macrophages
QuickTime™ and aGraphics decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Phagocytic killingPhagocytic killing
Phagocytes Phagocytes shift from aerobic to shift from aerobic to
______________________________________ metabolism. Leads metabolism. Leads
to to drop in _________drop in _________, which activates , which activates
lysosomal enzymes.lysosomal enzymes.
Oxygen-dependent phagocytic killingOxygen-dependent phagocytic killing
Phagocyte failurePhagocyte failure
Pathogens can neutralize phagocyte products:Pathogens can neutralize phagocyte products: __________________________________________ produces carotenoids produces carotenoids
which quench singlet oxygenwhich quench singlet oxygen
Mycobacterium sp.Mycobacterium sp. can grow can grow withinwithin
macrophages using glycolipids in their cells macrophages using glycolipids in their cells
walls to scavenge toxic _________________ walls to scavenge toxic _________________
speciesspecies
Strep. pyogenesStrep. pyogenes and and Staph. aureusStaph. aureus produce produce
leukocidinsleukocidins which destroy ________________. which destroy ________________.
Specific Immunity: Antibodies or ImmunoglobulinsSpecific Immunity: Antibodies or Immunoglobulins
IgGIgG
The complement systemThe complement system““Complement” is an additional mechanism that is brought into play at Complement” is an additional mechanism that is brought into play at
several levels in _______ __________.several levels in _______ __________.Is a Is a cascadecascade of proteins which result in membrane permeation and cell death of proteins which result in membrane permeation and cell death
The Complement System: a Summary
The Complement System: a Summary
QuickTime™ and aCinepak decompressor
are needed to see this picture.