The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine...
-
date post
22-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
3
Transcript of The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine...
![Page 1: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging Physiologic Metabolism Body Composition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d795503460f94a5bfb3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
![Page 2: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging Physiologic Metabolism Body Composition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d795503460f94a5bfb3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging
PhysiologicMetabolism
Body Composition NutritionExercise
Stress
Inter-endocrine RelationsSecretory Rate
Transport to target site
Hormone Metabolism Activity
T4 T3
T DHT
Number & Affinity Of Receptors
![Page 3: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging Physiologic Metabolism Body Composition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d795503460f94a5bfb3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Hypophysiotropic hormonesCRH: corticotropic releasing
hormoneGHRH: growth hormone releasing
hormoneGHIH: growth hormone inhibitory
hormone SomatostatinPRH: prolactin releasing hormoneGnRH: gonadotropin releasing
hormoneTRH thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing hormone
Pituitary HormonesACTH: adrenocorticotropin hormoneLH: lutenizing hormoneFSH: follicle stimulating hormonePL: prolactinTSH: thyroid stimulating hormoneGH: growth hormone
**Please see Figures 10.7-10.9 in text**
Figure 10.1
![Page 4: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging Physiologic Metabolism Body Composition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d795503460f94a5bfb3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Figure 10.2
![Page 5: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging Physiologic Metabolism Body Composition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d795503460f94a5bfb3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Figure 10.3 Diagram of a section of the adrenals illustrating the various zones and hormones
![Page 6: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging Physiologic Metabolism Body Composition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d795503460f94a5bfb3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Reminder
CRH: corticotropic releasing hormone
ACTH: adrenocorticotropic
hormone
Figure 10.6
![Page 7: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging Physiologic Metabolism Body Composition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d795503460f94a5bfb3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cortisol
Epinephrine Norepinephrine
![Page 8: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging Physiologic Metabolism Body Composition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d795503460f94a5bfb3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Actions Of Glucocorticoids Actions of Adrenaline/Noradrenaline
Target
cellular
![Page 9: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging Physiologic Metabolism Body Composition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d795503460f94a5bfb3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Figure 10.5 Schematic diagram of corticosteroid action in target cell
![Page 10: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging Physiologic Metabolism Body Composition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d795503460f94a5bfb3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
•Gene expression & new protein synthesis
•Relatively long latency of onset
•Medium & long term cell program
•Organization of cell networks for complex functions
•Activation/repression of pre-existing cell proteins
•Rapid onset of action
•Rapid adaptation to changes in the milieu
•Dynamic modifications of long term cell programs
![Page 11: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging Physiologic Metabolism Body Composition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d795503460f94a5bfb3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Figure 10.7 Diagrammatic representation of the anterior pituitary
![Page 12: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging Physiologic Metabolism Body Composition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d795503460f94a5bfb3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Figure 10.8 Diagrammatic representation of the posterior pituitary
![Page 13: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging Physiologic Metabolism Body Composition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d795503460f94a5bfb3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Changes with Aging in the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
No significant changes in healthy, non-stressed, elderly
The few changes that occur are rapidly compensated for (e.g. decreased secretion of GCs from the adrenal cortex)
but also
less rapid metabolism in the liver & less urine excretion
Therefore the circulating levels remain constant
Also, normal ACTH & cortisol responses to CRH administration
Some alterations of the circadian rhythm
![Page 14: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging Physiologic Metabolism Body Composition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d795503460f94a5bfb3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine
STRESS
![Page 15: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging Physiologic Metabolism Body Composition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d795503460f94a5bfb3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Old rats
Young rats
Figure 10.4 Corticosterone titers in young (3-5 mo) and aged (24-28 mo) rats
![Page 16: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Table 10.1 Factors Influencing Evaluation of Endocrine Function in Aging Physiologic Metabolism Body Composition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d795503460f94a5bfb3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Exposure to Stress Generates:
• Specific responses: vary with the stimulus (specialized responses) and generate different responses with each different stimulus.
• Nonspecific responses: (also called non- specialized) are always the same
– regardless of the stimulus
– mediated through stimulation of neural, endocrine, and immune axis