A UNIQUE APPROACH TO THE 21ST CENTURY AUTOMOTIVE CHALLENGE

The Hybridized Driveway

The 21st Century Automotive Challenge

“Design and develop a vehicle that practically reduces a highway vehicle’s carbon footprint and provides for greater fossil fuel efficiency in transporting passengers and cargo from point A to point B. Special attention is given to highway payload efficiency. Speed and cost efficiency is also included. Passenger safety, preservation of cargo, and the over-all environmental impact of vehicle production, cradle to grave, should also be included as important factors.”

The Problem

The 21st Century Problem

Global Warming

Greenhouse Gasses

Four sectors: Residential Industrial Commercial Transportation

The 21st Century Problem

Transportation

Transportation accounts for 33% of American carbon dioxide emissions

Transportation in America

Currently 300 million people in the US

230 million people are eligible to drive

115 million workers in the US—99.6 million (86.5%) commute to work in a car, truck, or van

Of those commuting drivers, 84 million (84.6%) drive alone to work and 12 million (12.1%) carpool with only one other person

Transportation in America

Most American households have two cars

American cities are built around private vehicle usage as the primary means of transportation

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THE HYBRIDIZED SOLUTION

Our Solution

The Hybridized Driveway

A problem as big as global warming will take more than just new technology, it will require a cultural change as well

The Hybridized Driveway

There already is a certain degree of specialization of cars in today’s house hold.

Why not have two cars for two different purposes?

Short haul, commuting, errands, around town, etc.

Longer haul, trips, multiple passengers

MoritzMoritz WoodstockWoodstock

2000 VW Jetta1,300 lbs towing capacityBioDieselLong Range Driving50 mpg

Converted 1994 Ford Ranger

ElectricShort Range Driving92 MPGe

Our Driveway

Moritz- Volkswagen TDI

Jetta

Speed: 0 – 110 mph

Acceleration:0 – 60 in 9 sec

Passengers:5 people

Fuel Tank Capacity:15 gallons

Range in miles:600 – 700

Cost Efficiency:Using Standard Petro6.3¢ per mileUsing SM’s B1002.1¢ per mile

Moritz’s Fuel

Moritz runs completely off Biodiesel (B100)

Can also use any ratio of petro diesel to biodiesel

Not a “grease” car (B100 refined from cooking oil)

No conversions were necessary

Biodiesel

Biodiesel fuels are refined from organic sources

We produce our own biodiesel from used cooking oil

Zero emissions

Additional Specifications

Moritz trunk space- 13 cubic feetWoodstock cargo space- 48 cubic feet

http://www.internetautoguide.com/car-specifications/09-int/2000/volkswagen/jetta/index.html

Safety- http://www.internetautoguide.com/crash-tests/09-int/2000/volkswagen/jetta/index.html

Woodstock-1994 Ford Ranger

Speed: 0 – 75 mph

Acceleration:0 – 30 in 5 sec

Passengers:2 people (pickup)

Electrical storage capacity:32.2 kWh

Range in miles:60 – 90

Recharge Time:5 hours

Cost Efficiency:Using “green” electricity 6.5¢ per mileUsing std. grid electricity5.7¢ per mile

Recharge sources:Electrical GridSolar panelsWind turbine

Electric Vehicle

Woodstock runs on “green” electricity

Green electricity is generated by Wind, Solar and Biomass

Solar Energy

Woodstock has three solar panels above its cargo bay that run passively

It generates 5% of the total electricity per day needed

Wind Energy

Woodstock also has a portable wind turbine

Woodstock must be stationary to deploy the turbine

Negative Emissions

The wind turbine can generate electricity to charge Woodstock’s batteries and produce a surplus as well

This surplus energy can be put back on the electrical grid

The Benefits of the Hybridized Driveway

The Benefits of the Hybridized Driveway

The technology to begin to implement this idea is already here

The technology needed is widespread and relatively cheap

Who are we?

St. Mark’s School is a private boarding high school in Southboro, MA

Woodstock was converted and modified by team members Conor MacKean ’03, Carole Lemos-Wade ‘06, Nick Generous ’07, Peter Smithy ‘08, Max Ziegler ’09, Xander Lodge ‘09, and many others!

Moritz is a ‘00 VW Jetta TDI. Its principal modification is an removable fuel tank for precise fuel measurements.

Who are our friends?

St. Mark’s Alumni and parents!Evergreen Solar – photovoltaicWayside Ford – technical assistanceConsumer Services Group – “Climate Save” energy

Center for Resource Solutions – “green-e” The Alternative Energy Store – Air-X turbine

FLIK Food Services – raw material for biodiesel

Earth Tech –raw material for biodiesel

Works Cited

Data on slide 4 from http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/carbon.html - Department of energy report from 2005 on US emissions Picture on slide 5 from http://www.corrosioncost.com/infrastructure/highway/highway2.j Data on slide 6 from http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/journey/usveh90.txt, http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01-12.pdf

Photo on Slide 8 from http://phong.com/imagery/photos/content/2004/04.April/22.suburbia.jpg and http://www.beijinghighlights.com/photos/beijingtoday/traffic.JPG

Cost for one charge… WS. How many Batts. WS—24 6 volt batteries. 144 volts 200 amp hrs

Cost to fully charge batteries using “green” electricity at 18¢/kWh is $5.70

Cost to charge batteries using “regular” electricity at 16¢/kWh is $5.07