THE H

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POLIT

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ECONOMIC S

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EQ: What types of human systems provide the power for groups of people to control Earth’s surface?

OBJ: I will be able to use geographic concepts to analyze spatial phenomena and to discuss economic, political, and social factors that define and interpret space.

FEATURES OF GOVERNMENT: LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT

Most large countries have different levels of government which includes provinces, countries, cities, towns, etc.

A Unitary System gives all key powers to the national or central government

The United Kingdom and France both developed unitary governments during the late middle ages and early modern times

A Federal System divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments

Each level of government has sovereignty (power) in some areasThe United States developed a federal system after the 13 colonies

became independent from Great Britain

FEATURES OF GOVERNMENT: TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS

An Autocracy is any system of government in which the power and authority to rule belong to a single individual

The oldest and one of the most common forms of governmentSome forms of autocracy include totalitarian dictatorship and

monarchy

An Oligarchy is any system of government in which a small group holds power

The small group that rules gets all their power from wealth, military power, social position, or a combination of these elements

A Democracy any system of government where leaders rules with the consent of the citizens

Power lies with the peopleWhen citizens decide on issues, that is known as direct democracy

(no national country is a direct democracy)

RECAP!

What are the two levels of government that we discussed? What are the definitions of both?

What are the three types of government that we discussed? What are the definitions of each one?

What type of government does the United States have?

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: TRADITIONAL ECONOMY A Traditional Economy habits or customs determine the rules for

all economic activityBehavior is determined by what was done by their elders or ancestorsIndividuals are not free to make decisions based on what they would

like to have

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: MARKET ECONOMY Market Economy refers to when individuals and private groups

make decisions about what to produceBased off of free enterprise, which is the idea that private individuals

or groups have the right to own property or business and make a profit with little government interference [Also known as capitalism]

No country has a pure market economy systemThe United States has a mixed economy

Governments in modern mixed economies influence their economies by spending tax revenues to support social services

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: COMMAND ECONOMY In a Command Economy, the government owns or directs the

means of production—land labor, capital (machinery, factories), and business managers—and controls the distribution of goods

Goods and services must benefit the majorityPublic taxes help support services that benefit most people

CommunismRequires strict government control of the entire society, including the

economyOne political party – the Communist PartyLimited choices

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: COMMAND ECONOMY Socialism Allows wider range of free enterprise Three main goals:

Equitable distribution of wealth and economic opportunitySociety’s control, through government, of decisions about public

goodsPublic ownership of services and factories that are essential

Some socialist countries are democratic socialistSweden, Denmark,

RECAP!

What is a traditional economy?What is a market economy?What is a command economy?

What are the two main types of command economies?

CLASSWORK: CHAPTER 4 SECTION 3 REVIEW

On page 104, answer questions 1-2 and 4-6