The Human Respiratory SystemThe Human Respiratory System

Biology 314

Mr. Doron

Biology 314

Mr. Doron

Game PlanGame Plan

Introduction to the respiratory system Pathway the air takes Role of the nasal cavity Role of the pharynx Role of the epiglottis Role of the trachea Role of the bronchi & lungs Fun FAQ’s (yawning, sneezing, hiccups)

Introduction to the respiratory system Pathway the air takes Role of the nasal cavity Role of the pharynx Role of the epiglottis Role of the trachea Role of the bronchi & lungs Fun FAQ’s (yawning, sneezing, hiccups)

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

Lung

Bronchioles

Trachea

Nasal Cavity

Diaphragm

Mouth

Human Respiratory SystemHuman Respiratory System

The respiratory system has two parts The respiratory airways (nasal, cavity,

pharynx, trachea, bronchi) The lungs What pathway does air take in the

respiratory system? Nasal cavity --> pharynx --> trachea -->

bronchi --> lungs

The respiratory system has two parts The respiratory airways (nasal, cavity,

pharynx, trachea, bronchi) The lungs What pathway does air take in the

respiratory system? Nasal cavity --> pharynx --> trachea -->

bronchi --> lungs

What is the role of the nasal cavity?

What is the role of the nasal cavity?

Hairs: filters out the largest foreign particles in the air that enters the nostrils

Capillaries: warm up the air that is inhaled Mucous glands: moisten the air

Hairs: filters out the largest foreign particles in the air that enters the nostrils

Capillaries: warm up the air that is inhaled Mucous glands: moisten the air

The Role of the PharynxThe Role of the Pharynx

Pharynx: crossover point (for the digestive and respiratory tracts).

collects incoming air from the nose and passes it downward to the trachea (windpipe).

Pharynx: crossover point (for the digestive and respiratory tracts).

collects incoming air from the nose and passes it downward to the trachea (windpipe).

The Role of the EpiglottisThe Role of the Epiglottis

Known as the switching mechanism It is a flap of tissue that guards the entrance

to the trachea, closing when anything is swallowed that should go into the esophagus and stomach

Known as the switching mechanism It is a flap of tissue that guards the entrance

to the trachea, closing when anything is swallowed that should go into the esophagus and stomach

What is the role of the trachea?What is the role of the trachea?

The larynx is situated at the upper end of the trachea.

Contains vocal chords In males it’s the adam’s apple.

The larynx is situated at the upper end of the trachea.

Contains vocal chords In males it’s the adam’s apple.

Role of the Trachea Con’tRole of the Trachea Con’t The walls of the trachea are lined with numerous

cilia (hair) and mucous glands The mucus secreted by the mucous glands capture

the foreign particles that have escaped nasal filtration.

The beating of the cilia move the particles now coated with mucus back to the pharynx.

At the pharynx, they are either swallowed down the esophagus or expelled from the respiratory tract.

The walls of the trachea are lined with numerous cilia (hair) and mucous glands

The mucus secreted by the mucous glands capture the foreign particles that have escaped nasal filtration.

The beating of the cilia move the particles now coated with mucus back to the pharynx.

At the pharynx, they are either swallowed down the esophagus or expelled from the respiratory tract.

Role of the PharynxRole of the Pharynx Serve as the crossover point Serves as the pathway that either

Air enters the respiratory tract or Food enters the esophagus

Serve as the crossover point Serves as the pathway that either

Air enters the respiratory tract or Food enters the esophagus

Role of the BronchiRole of the Bronchi

Extensions of the trachea Branch into the bronchioles Carry air to the lungs Have cilia and mucous glands

Extensions of the trachea Branch into the bronchioles Carry air to the lungs Have cilia and mucous glands

Role of the LungsRole of the Lungs Each bronchus enters a lung and branches

into smaller bronchi known as bronchioles. These in turn subdivide into millions of alveoli.

Alveolus is the functional unit of the lungs It is here that venous blood (carbon –

dioxide carrying blood) is oxygenated to become arterial blood (oxygen carrying blood)

Thus, oxygen enters the alveolus Carbon dioxide leaves the alveolus

Each bronchus enters a lung and branches into smaller bronchi known as bronchioles. These in turn subdivide into millions of alveoli.

Alveolus is the functional unit of the lungs It is here that venous blood (carbon –

dioxide carrying blood) is oxygenated to become arterial blood (oxygen carrying blood)

Thus, oxygen enters the alveolus Carbon dioxide leaves the alveolus

A Picture is Worth 1000 wordsA Picture is Worth 1000 words

Chest Anatomy

More PicturesMore Pictures

X ray of human chest

Work in Class / HomeworkWork in Class / Homework

Air The ribs Intercostal muscles

Air The ribs Intercostal muscles

Enters the body Move out and up Contract, moving the

rigs up and out, the diaphragm contacts and moves down

Enters the body Move out and up Contract, moving the

rigs up and out, the diaphragm contacts and moves down

Do Page 83, 84 & 85. Copy in your notes #1-

Why Do You Yawn?Why Do You Yawn?

     When you are sleepy or drowsy the lungs do not take enough oxygen from the air. This causes a shortage of oxygen in our bodies. The brain senses this shortage of oxygen and sends a message that causes you to take a deep long breath---a YAWN.

     When you are sleepy or drowsy the lungs do not take enough oxygen from the air. This causes a shortage of oxygen in our bodies. The brain senses this shortage of oxygen and sends a message that causes you to take a deep long breath---a YAWN.

Why Do You Sneeze?Why Do You Sneeze?

Sneezing is like a cough in the upper breathing passages. It is the body's way of removing an irritant from the sensitive mucous membranes of the nose. Many things can irritate the mucous membranes. Dust, pollen, pepper or even a cold blast of air are just some of the many things that may cause you to sneeze.

Sneezing is like a cough in the upper breathing passages. It is the body's way of removing an irritant from the sensitive mucous membranes of the nose. Many things can irritate the mucous membranes. Dust, pollen, pepper or even a cold blast of air are just some of the many things that may cause you to sneeze.

What Causes Hiccups?What Causes Hiccups?

Hiccups are the sudden movements of the diaphragm. It is involuntary --- you have no control over hiccups, as you well know.

There are many causes of hiccups. The diaphragm may get irritated, you may have eaten to fast, or maybe some substance in the blood could even have brought on the hiccups.

Hiccups are the sudden movements of the diaphragm. It is involuntary --- you have no control over hiccups, as you well know.

There are many causes of hiccups. The diaphragm may get irritated, you may have eaten to fast, or maybe some substance in the blood could even have brought on the hiccups.