The Human Population: Growth, Demography, and Carrying Capacity G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the...
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The Human Population: Growth, Demography, and Carrying Capacity G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 12 th Edition Chapter 11 Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga State Technical Community College
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Transcript of The Human Population: Growth, Demography, and Carrying Capacity G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the...
The Human Population: Growth, Demography, and Carrying CapacityThe Human Population: Growth, Demography, and Carrying Capacity
G. Tyler Miller’sLiving in the Environment
12th Edition
Chapter 11
G. Tyler Miller’sLiving in the Environment
12th Edition
Chapter 11
Dr. Richard ClementsChattanooga State Technical Community CollegeDr. Richard ClementsChattanooga State Technical Community College
Key ConceptsKey Concepts
Factors affecting human population size Factors affecting human population size
Managing population growth Managing population growth
Human population problems Human population problems
Factors Affecting Human Population SizeFactors Affecting Human Population Size
Population change equationPopulation change equation
Zero population growth (ZPG)Zero population growth (ZPG)
Crude birth rate (BR)Crude birth rate (BR)
Crude death rate (DR)Crude death rate (DR)
Refer to Fig. 11-2 p. 239Refer to Fig. 11-2 p. 239
PopulationChange
PopulationChange == (Births + Immigration) – (Deaths + Emigration)(Births + Immigration) – (Deaths + Emigration)
Natural Rate of IncreaseNatural Rate of Increase
<1%
1-1.9%
2-2.9%
3+%Data notavailable
Annual worldpopulation growth
Fig. 11.3, p. 240
Births per woman
< 2
2-2.9
3-3.9
4-4.9
5+
NoData
Fertility RatesFertility Rates Replacement-level fertility Replacement-level fertility Total fertility rate (TFR) Total fertility rate (TFR)
Fig. 11.8, p. 242
Factors Affecting BR and TFRFactors Affecting BR and TFR
See bulleted list in text p. 243 See bulleted list in text p. 243
US BR’s and TFR’s US BR’s and TFR’s3232
3030
2828
2626
2424
2222
2020
1818
1616
1414
00
19101910 19201920 19301930 19401940 19501950 19601960 19701970 19801980 19901990 20002000 20102010
Bir
ths
per
th
ou
san
d p
op
ula
tio
nB
irth
s p
er t
ho
usa
nd
po
pu
lati
on
Demographictransition Depression
Baby boom Baby bust Echo baby boom
World War II
YearYearFig. 11.11, p. 243
see Fig. 11-10 p. 243
Infant deathsper 1,000 live births
<10<10-35<36-70<71-100<100+Data notavailable
Factors Affecting DRFactors Affecting DR
Life expectancy Life expectancy Infant mortality rate (IMR) Infant mortality rate (IMR)
Fig. 11.14, p. 246
Factors Affecting Natural Rate of IncreaseFactors Affecting Natural Rate of Increase
Developed Countries5050
4040
3030
2020
1010
0017751775
18001800 1850
185019001900
19501950
20002000 2050
2050
Rat
e p
er 1
,000
peo
ple
Rat
e p
er 1
,000
peo
ple
Year
Rate ofnatural increase
Crudebirth rate
Crudedeath rate
Rate of natural increase = crude birth rate = crude death rate Rate of natural increase = crude birth rate = crude death rate
Developed Countries5050
4040
3030
2020
1010
0017751775
18001800 1850
185019001900
19501950
20002000 2050
2050
Rat
e p
er 1
,000
peo
ple
Rat
e p
er 1
,000
peo
ple Crude
birth rate
Rate ofnaturalincrease Crude
death rate
Year
Fig. 11.13, p. 245
Ages 0-14Ages 0-14 Ages 15-44Ages 15-44 Ages 45-85+Ages 45-85+
Rapid GrowthGuatemala
NigeriaSaudi Arabia
Rapid GrowthGuatemala
NigeriaSaudi Arabia
Slow GrowthUnited States
AustraliaCanada
Slow GrowthUnited States
AustraliaCanada
MaleMale FemaleFemale
Zero GrowthSpainAustriaGreece
Zero GrowthSpainAustriaGreece
Negative GrowthGermanyBulgariaSweden
Negative GrowthGermanyBulgariaSweden
Population Age StructurePopulation Age Structure
Fig. 11.16a, p. 247
Solutions: Influencing Population SizeSolutions: Influencing Population Size
MigrationMigration
Environmental refugeesEnvironmental refugees
Reducing birthsReducing births
Family planningFamily planning
Empowerment of womenEmpowerment of women
Economic rewards and penaltiesEconomic rewards and penalties
The Demographic TransitionThe Demographic Transition
LowLow
HighHigh
Rel
ativ
e p
op
ula
tio
n s
ize
Rel
ativ
e p
op
ula
tio
n s
ize
Bir
th r
ate
and
dea
th r
ate
(nu
mb
er p
er 1
,000
per
yea
r)B
irth
rat
e an
d d
eath
rat
e(n
um
ber
per
1,0
00 p
er y
ear) 8080
7070
6060
5050
4040
3030
2020
1010
00
Stage 1Preindustrial
Stage 1Preindustrial
Stage 2Transindustrial
Stage 2Transindustrial
Stage 3IndustrialStage 3
IndustrialStage 4
PostindustrialStage 4
Postindustrial
Lowgrowth rate
Lowgrowth rate
Increasing Growthgrowth rate
Increasing Growthgrowth rate
Very highgrowth rateVery high
growth rateDecreasinggrowth rateDecreasinggrowth rate
Lowgrowth rate
Lowgrowth rate
Zerogrowth rate
Zerogrowth rate
Negativegrowth rate
Negativegrowth rate
Birth rate
Total population
Death rate
TimeTimeTimeTimeFig. 11.26, p. 255
Case Study: Slowing Population Growth in IndiaCase Study: Slowing Population Growth in India
Poor planningPoor planningBureaucratic inefficiencyBureaucratic inefficiencyLow status of womenLow status of womenExtreme povertyExtreme povertyLack of supportLack of support
Generally disappointing results:Generally disappointing results:
Case Study: Slowing Population Growth in ChinaCase Study: Slowing Population Growth in China
Economic incentivesEconomic incentivesFree medical careFree medical carePreferential treatmentPreferential treatmentIntrusive and coerciveIntrusive and coerciveLocally administeredLocally administered
Generally positive results:Generally positive results:
Cutting Global Population GrowthCutting Global Population Growth
Family planningFamily planning
Reduce povertyReduce poverty
Elevate the status of womenElevate the status of women
