THE HUMAN HEART

By: Group IV

THE HEART A VITAL ORGAN THAT FUNCTIONS AS A PUMP,

PROVIDING A CONTINUOUS FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH THE BODY, BY WAY OF CARDIAC CYCLES.

IT IS ENCLOSED IN THE PERICARDIUM WHICH IS THE PROTECTIVE SAC OF THE HEART THAT CONTAINS A LUBRICATING LIQUID CALLED PERICARDIAL LIQUID.

IT IS CONTAINED IN THE MEDIASTINUM IN THE THORACIC CAVITY OF THE THORAX.

IT HAS 3 OUTER WALL LAYERS: EPICARDIUM, MYOCARDIUM, AND ENDOCARDIUM.

THE HEART EPICARDIUM – VISCERAL LAYER OF THE PERICARDIUM.

THIN LAYER OF SEROUS MEMBRANE THAT HELPS TO LUBRICATE AND PROTECT THE OUTSIDE OF THE HEART. 

MYOCARDIUM – THE MUSCULAR LAYER OF THE HEART WALL CONTAINS THE CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE. MAKES UP THE

MAJORITY OF THE THICKNESS AND MASS OF THE HEART WALL AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PUMPING BLOOD.

ENDOCARDIUM – THE SIMPLE SQUAMOUS ENDOTHELIUM LAYER IT IS VERY SMOOTH AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR KEEPING

BLOOD FROM STICKING TO THE INSIDE OF THE HEART AND FORMING POTENTIALLY DEADLY BLOOD CLOTS.

THE HEART IT ALSO HAD 4 CHAMBERS: LEFT&RIGHT

ATRIUMS (UPPER) AND LEFT&RIGHT VENTRICLES (LOWER).

THE RIGHT VENTRICLE PUMPS THE SAME AMOUNT OF BLOOD INTO THE LUNGS THAT THE LEFT VENTRICLE PUMPS OUT INTO THE BODY.

CARDIOLOGISTS STUDY THE HUMAN HEART AND ITS DISORDERS.

THE HEART THE SEPTUM SEPARATES THE RIGHT SIDE OF

THE HEART FROM THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART. VENTRICULAR AND ATRIAL SEPTUMS

THE HEART ALSO HAS ITS OWN BLOOD SUPPLY THAT SURROUNDS IT, CORONARY CIRCULATION.

THE HEART ACTUALLY ACTS AS A DOUBLE PUMP WHERE THE RIGHT SIDE COLLECTS DE-OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE BODY, AND THE LEFT SIDE COLLECTS OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE LUNGS.

CARDIAC CYCLE INCLUDES ALL OF THE EVENTS THAT

TAKE PLACE DURING A SINGLE HEARTBEAT.

THERE ARE 3 PHASES OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE: ATRIAL SYSTOLE, VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE, AND RELAXATION. ATRIAL SYSTOLE :THE ATRIA CONTRACT

AND PUSH BLOOD INTO VENTRICLES. THE VENTRICLES REMAIN IN DIASTOLE THIS PHASE.

CARDIAC CYCLE VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE: THE VENTRICLES

CONTRACT TO PUSH BLOOD INTO THE AORTA AND PULMONARY TRUNK. THE ATRIA REPOLARIZE AND ENTER THE STATE OF DIASTOLE DURING THIS PHASE. 

RELAXATION PHASE: ALL 4 CHAMBERS OF THE HEART ARE IN DIASTOLE AS BLOOD POURS INTO THE HEART FROM THE VEINS.

CARDIAC OUTPUT THE VOLUME OF BLOOD BEING PUMPED BY

THE HEART IN ONE MINUTE. CO = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

CO = CARDIAC OUTPUT STROKE VOLUME : AMOUNT OF BLOOD

PUMPED INTO THE AORTA DURING VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE (mm).

HEART RATE : HEARTBEATS PER MINUTE AVERAGE : 5 to 5.5 LITERS PER MINUTE AT

REST.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEART

ITS DEVELOPMENT HAD 5 STAGES: HEART TUBE HEART CHAMBERS TWO SEPTA AORTICOPULMONARY SEPTUM HEART VALVES

THE HEART BEGINS BEATING AT AROUND 21 DAYS AFTER CONCEPTION. (75-80 BPM)

THE FLOW OF BLOOD BLOOD FLOWS THROUGH THE HEART IN

ONE DIRECTION, FROM THE ATRIA TO THE VENTRICLES, AND OUT THROUGH THE PULMONARY ARTERY, AND THE AORTA.

THE TRICUSPID, BICUSPID, AND THE PULMONARY VALVES PREVENT THE BLOOD TO FLOW BACKWARDS.

ECG ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

IT MEASURES THE HEART’S ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SYSTEM.

2D AND 3D – ECHO

TWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIGRAM

THREE-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAM

TESTS IN WHICH ULTRASOUND IS USED TO PICTURE OUT THE HEART.

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

CORONARY HEART DISEASE a.k.a. ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE (ATHEROSCLEROSIS) BUILD-UP OF PLAQUE ALONG THE INNER WALLS OF

THE HEART CARDIOMYOPATHY a.k.a. HEART MUSCLE DISEASE CARDIAC DYSRYTHMIA a.k.a. ARRYTHMIA

IRREGULAR HEARTBEATS HEART FAILURE COR PULMONALE a.k.a. PULMONARY HEART

DISEASE ENLARGEMENT & FAILURE OF RIGHT VENTRICLE

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

INFLAMMATIONS CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE

DISEASE OF THE BLOOD VESSELS THAT SUPPLY BLOOD TO THE BRAIN

CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE

DISEASE OF THE BLOOD VESSELS THAT SUPPLY BLOOD TO THE ARMS AND LEGS

RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE

RISK FACTORS AGE GENDER

MALES ARE AT GREATER RISK THAN FEMALES HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE HYPERLIPIDEMIA

ABNORMALLY ELEVATED LIPIDS IN THE BLOOD DIABETES MELLITUS TOBACCO SMOKING PROCESSED MEAT CONSUMPTION

RISK FACTORS EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION SUGAR CONSUMPTION FAMILY HISTORY OBESITY LACK OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS

INVOLVES BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS

AIR POLLUTION

SOURCES:

WIKIPEDIA.ORGGOOGLE.COMINNERBODY.COMHEART.ORGCNX.ORGSCIENCE.TJC.EDUHISTOLOGYYOLM.STEVEVEGALLIK.ORG1.BP.BLOGSPOT.COM

CONTRIBUTED BY:

ZUNIGA, GUILA

JULABAR, MARONA

GROUP IV

PROVERBS 4:23 KJV

KEEP THY HEART WITH ALL DILIGENCE; FOR OUT OF IT ARE THE ISSUES OF LIFE.PROVERBS 4:23 NAB

WITH CLOSEST CUSTODY, GUARD YOUR HEART, FOR IN IT ARE THE SOURCES OF LIFE.

~~End~~

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC