FOREWORD

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL OBJECTIVES

GUIDELINES AND INSTRUCTIONS

PRE-TEST

MODULE 1

MODULE 2

MODULE 3

MODULE 4

APPENDICES

REFERENCES

ABOUT D’ AUTHORS Home

This Teacher’s Visual Presentation Hand-This Teacher’s Visual Presentation Hand-out entitled “THE HUMAN BODY” is part of the out entitled “THE HUMAN BODY” is part of the requirements in Educational Technology 2 under requirements in Educational Technology 2 under the revised curriculum for Bachelor in the revised curriculum for Bachelor in Elementary Education based on CHED Elementary Education based on CHED Memorandum Order (CMO)-30, Series of 2004. Memorandum Order (CMO)-30, Series of 2004. Educational Technology 2 is a three (3)-unit Educational Technology 2 is a three (3)-unit course designed to introduce both traditional course designed to introduce both traditional and innovative technologies to facilitate and and innovative technologies to facilitate and foster meaningful and effective learning where foster meaningful and effective learning where students are expected to demonstrate a sound students are expected to demonstrate a sound understanding of the nature, application and understanding of the nature, application and production of the various types of educational production of the various types of educational technologiestechnologies. .

This Teacher’s Visual Presentation Hand-This Teacher’s Visual Presentation Hand-out entitled “THE HUMAN BODY” is part of the out entitled “THE HUMAN BODY” is part of the requirements in Educational Technology 2 under requirements in Educational Technology 2 under the revised curriculum for Bachelor in the revised curriculum for Bachelor in Elementary Education based on CHED Elementary Education based on CHED Memorandum Order (CMO)-30, Series of 2004. Memorandum Order (CMO)-30, Series of 2004. Educational Technology 2 is a three (3)-unit Educational Technology 2 is a three (3)-unit course designed to introduce both traditional course designed to introduce both traditional and innovative technologies to facilitate and and innovative technologies to facilitate and foster meaningful and effective learning where foster meaningful and effective learning where students are expected to demonstrate a sound students are expected to demonstrate a sound understanding of the nature, application and understanding of the nature, application and production of the various types of educational production of the various types of educational technologiestechnologies. .

Contents

The students are provided with guidance The students are provided with guidance and assistance of selected faculty members of and assistance of selected faculty members of the College through the selection, production the College through the selection, production and utilization of appropriate technology tools and utilization of appropriate technology tools in developing technology-based teacher in developing technology-based teacher support materials. Through the role and support materials. Through the role and functions of computers especially the Internet, functions of computers especially the Internet, the student researchers and the advisers are the student researchers and the advisers are able to design and develop various types of able to design and develop various types of alternative delivery systems. These kind of alternative delivery systems. These kind of activities offer a remarkable learning experience activities offer a remarkable learning experience for the education students as future mentors for the education students as future mentors especially in the preparation of instructional especially in the preparation of instructional materials.materials.

The students are provided with guidance The students are provided with guidance and assistance of selected faculty members of and assistance of selected faculty members of the College through the selection, production the College through the selection, production and utilization of appropriate technology tools and utilization of appropriate technology tools in developing technology-based teacher in developing technology-based teacher support materials. Through the role and support materials. Through the role and functions of computers especially the Internet, functions of computers especially the Internet, the student researchers and the advisers are the student researchers and the advisers are able to design and develop various types of able to design and develop various types of alternative delivery systems. These kind of alternative delivery systems. These kind of activities offer a remarkable learning experience activities offer a remarkable learning experience for the education students as future mentors for the education students as future mentors especially in the preparation of instructional especially in the preparation of instructional materials.materials.

Contents

The output of the group’s effort may serve The output of the group’s effort may serve as an educational research of the institution in as an educational research of the institution in providing effective and quality education. The providing effective and quality education. The lessons and evaluations presented in this lessons and evaluations presented in this module may also function as a supplementary module may also function as a supplementary reference for secondary teachers and students.reference for secondary teachers and students.

The output of the group’s effort may serve The output of the group’s effort may serve as an educational research of the institution in as an educational research of the institution in providing effective and quality education. The providing effective and quality education. The lessons and evaluations presented in this lessons and evaluations presented in this module may also function as a supplementary module may also function as a supplementary reference for secondary teachers and students.reference for secondary teachers and students.

ADELINA O. MONTEIROADELINA O. MONTEIROOIC LSPU Nagcarlan OIC LSPU Nagcarlan CampusCampus

ADELINA O. MONTEIROADELINA O. MONTEIROOIC LSPU Nagcarlan OIC LSPU Nagcarlan CampusCampus

FOR-IAN V. SANDOVALFOR-IAN V. SANDOVALComputer Instructor/Adviser Computer Instructor/Adviser Educational Technology 2 Educational Technology 2

FOR-IAN V. SANDOVALFOR-IAN V. SANDOVALComputer Instructor/Adviser Computer Instructor/Adviser Educational Technology 2 Educational Technology 2

LYDIA R. CHAVEZLYDIA R. CHAVEZDean College of EducationDean College of Education

LYDIA R. CHAVEZLYDIA R. CHAVEZDean College of EducationDean College of Education

ContentsNext

This module is a product of Educational This module is a product of Educational Technology which is all about the “THE HUMAN Technology which is all about the “THE HUMAN BODY.” It serves as an instructional material for BODY.” It serves as an instructional material for grade-four pupils, that gives deeper grade-four pupils, that gives deeper understandings and more challenging activities understandings and more challenging activities adapted to their interests and abilities. adapted to their interests and abilities.

Included in this instructional material are Included in this instructional material are the concepts in science about: the Functions of the concepts in science about: the Functions of Body Structures, the Six Basic Body Systems Body Structures, the Six Basic Body Systems and the Other Parts of the Body, the Five Basic and the Other Parts of the Body, the Five Basic Sense Organs, Growth and Changes of Man, the Sense Organs, Growth and Changes of Man, the Bodily Functions and some Human Facts.Bodily Functions and some Human Facts.

This module is a product of Educational This module is a product of Educational Technology which is all about the “THE HUMAN Technology which is all about the “THE HUMAN BODY.” It serves as an instructional material for BODY.” It serves as an instructional material for grade-four pupils, that gives deeper grade-four pupils, that gives deeper understandings and more challenging activities understandings and more challenging activities adapted to their interests and abilities. adapted to their interests and abilities.

Included in this instructional material are Included in this instructional material are the concepts in science about: the Functions of the concepts in science about: the Functions of Body Structures, the Six Basic Body Systems Body Structures, the Six Basic Body Systems and the Other Parts of the Body, the Five Basic and the Other Parts of the Body, the Five Basic Sense Organs, Growth and Changes of Man, the Sense Organs, Growth and Changes of Man, the Bodily Functions and some Human Facts.Bodily Functions and some Human Facts.

Right after the titles of each module is a Right after the titles of each module is a short introduction to get the interest of each short introduction to get the interest of each pupil. An overview of each module is also pupil. An overview of each module is also presented.presented.

Right after the titles of each module is a Right after the titles of each module is a short introduction to get the interest of each short introduction to get the interest of each pupil. An overview of each module is also pupil. An overview of each module is also presented.presented.

Each module contains topics including Each module contains topics including discussions on facts and information related discussions on facts and information related to the human body. After each title of the to the human body. After each title of the lesson is a list of specific learning objectives lesson is a list of specific learning objectives that the pupil is expected to attain. Some that the pupil is expected to attain. Some questions based on the topic and practical questions based on the topic and practical application are incorporated at the end of application are incorporated at the end of every lesson of each topic.every lesson of each topic.

Each module contains topics including Each module contains topics including discussions on facts and information related discussions on facts and information related to the human body. After each title of the to the human body. After each title of the lesson is a list of specific learning objectives lesson is a list of specific learning objectives that the pupil is expected to attain. Some that the pupil is expected to attain. Some questions based on the topic and practical questions based on the topic and practical application are incorporated at the end of application are incorporated at the end of every lesson of each topic.every lesson of each topic.

The varied activities are found at the end The varied activities are found at the end of each lesson to equip the grade-four pupils of each lesson to equip the grade-four pupils with greater skills in conducting such with greater skills in conducting such processes as description, observation, processes as description, observation, comparison, generalization, measurement, comparison, generalization, measurement, analysis and inference which are all essential in analysis and inference which are all essential in self-discovery. It is a fact that self–discovery is self-discovery. It is a fact that self–discovery is an important means to learning with better an important means to learning with better understanding. Then at the end of each module, understanding. Then at the end of each module, Enrichment activities are provided.Enrichment activities are provided.

The varied activities are found at the end The varied activities are found at the end of each lesson to equip the grade-four pupils of each lesson to equip the grade-four pupils with greater skills in conducting such with greater skills in conducting such processes as description, observation, processes as description, observation, comparison, generalization, measurement, comparison, generalization, measurement, analysis and inference which are all essential in analysis and inference which are all essential in self-discovery. It is a fact that self–discovery is self-discovery. It is a fact that self–discovery is an important means to learning with better an important means to learning with better understanding. Then at the end of each module, understanding. Then at the end of each module, Enrichment activities are provided.Enrichment activities are provided.

Placed in the hands of a creative teacher, Placed in the hands of a creative teacher, this module will surely help productive this module will surely help productive individuals with critical and analytical mind-the individuals with critical and analytical mind-the kind we need to push our education to global kind we need to push our education to global competitivenesscompetitiveness..

AUTHORS.AUTHORS.

Placed in the hands of a creative teacher, Placed in the hands of a creative teacher, this module will surely help productive this module will surely help productive individuals with critical and analytical mind-the individuals with critical and analytical mind-the kind we need to push our education to global kind we need to push our education to global competitivenesscompetitiveness..

AUTHORS.AUTHORS.NextContents

In unity there is strength. Combining all In unity there is strength. Combining all the knowledge, wisdom, hard work and efforts the knowledge, wisdom, hard work and efforts that resulted a masterpiece. A piece that had that resulted a masterpiece. A piece that had been created as an accomplishment of being an been created as an accomplishment of being an educator and as well as being a learner. Doing educator and as well as being a learner. Doing this takes time and patience but it can be done this takes time and patience but it can be done easily by a group moving as one. easily by a group moving as one.

WE, the student researchers / authors WE, the student researchers / authors would like to express our warmest, heartfelt, and would like to express our warmest, heartfelt, and sincerest gratitude to the intelligent and selfless sincerest gratitude to the intelligent and selfless persons that share their golden time, share their persons that share their golden time, share their knowledge and expertise and gave their support knowledge and expertise and gave their support and efforts in the preparation of this module. and efforts in the preparation of this module.

In unity there is strength. Combining all In unity there is strength. Combining all the knowledge, wisdom, hard work and efforts the knowledge, wisdom, hard work and efforts that resulted a masterpiece. A piece that had that resulted a masterpiece. A piece that had been created as an accomplishment of being an been created as an accomplishment of being an educator and as well as being a learner. Doing educator and as well as being a learner. Doing this takes time and patience but it can be done this takes time and patience but it can be done easily by a group moving as one. easily by a group moving as one.

WE, the student researchers / authors WE, the student researchers / authors would like to express our warmest, heartfelt, and would like to express our warmest, heartfelt, and sincerest gratitude to the intelligent and selfless sincerest gratitude to the intelligent and selfless persons that share their golden time, share their persons that share their golden time, share their knowledge and expertise and gave their support knowledge and expertise and gave their support and efforts in the preparation of this module. and efforts in the preparation of this module.

To Ms. Adelina O. Monteiro, our Officer-To Ms. Adelina O. Monteiro, our Officer-in Charge in LSPU Nagcarlan Satellite in Charge in LSPU Nagcarlan Satellite Campus.Campus.

To our professor in Educational To our professor in Educational Technology 1, Dr. Corazon N. San Agustin, Technology 1, Dr. Corazon N. San Agustin, for teaching us how to make a module.for teaching us how to make a module.

To our Educational Technology 2 To our Educational Technology 2 Instructor, Mr. For-Ian V. Sandoval, for his Instructor, Mr. For-Ian V. Sandoval, for his genuine support and for sharing his genuine support and for sharing his knowledge to make this module.knowledge to make this module.

To our wise editor and adviser, Mr. To our wise editor and adviser, Mr. Rainer R. Fiscal, for his endless support, Rainer R. Fiscal, for his endless support, generous suggestions, and for sharing his generous suggestions, and for sharing his time that leads to make this Teacher’s Guide time that leads to make this Teacher’s Guide Module possible. You rule sir!!! Module possible. You rule sir!!!

To Ms. Adelina O. Monteiro, our Officer-To Ms. Adelina O. Monteiro, our Officer-in Charge in LSPU Nagcarlan Satellite in Charge in LSPU Nagcarlan Satellite Campus.Campus.

To our professor in Educational To our professor in Educational Technology 1, Dr. Corazon N. San Agustin, Technology 1, Dr. Corazon N. San Agustin, for teaching us how to make a module.for teaching us how to make a module.

To our Educational Technology 2 To our Educational Technology 2 Instructor, Mr. For-Ian V. Sandoval, for his Instructor, Mr. For-Ian V. Sandoval, for his genuine support and for sharing his genuine support and for sharing his knowledge to make this module.knowledge to make this module.

To our wise editor and adviser, Mr. To our wise editor and adviser, Mr. Rainer R. Fiscal, for his endless support, Rainer R. Fiscal, for his endless support, generous suggestions, and for sharing his generous suggestions, and for sharing his time that leads to make this Teacher’s Guide time that leads to make this Teacher’s Guide Module possible. You rule sir!!! Module possible. You rule sir!!!

For Simonette’s love of her life, Mr. Noel L. For Simonette’s love of her life, Mr. Noel L. Manalo, and kids, Princess and Prince, for the Manalo, and kids, Princess and Prince, for the love and understanding. To Mr. and Mrs. Timothy love and understanding. To Mr. and Mrs. Timothy Wright who never fails to help her. To her parents Wright who never fails to help her. To her parents whose always there to support her.whose always there to support her.

For Genald’s daughter, Vixen Eaunasia For Genald’s daughter, Vixen Eaunasia Nrevae, you are his life and his everything, thanks Nrevae, you are his life and his everything, thanks for the smile that makes his everyday.for the smile that makes his everyday.

For Michelle’s sister, Ma. Naty whose For Michelle’s sister, Ma. Naty whose always there and stands as her parent who gives always there and stands as her parent who gives love and support her needs financially, physically love and support her needs financially, physically and spiritually. and spiritually.

And above all to our Almighty God who And above all to our Almighty God who always there to give us strength, knowledge and always there to give us strength, knowledge and wisdom, and for all the blessings. He never wisdom, and for all the blessings. He never leaves us in whatever challenges we had leaves us in whatever challenges we had encounter.encounter.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!!THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!!

For Simonette’s love of her life, Mr. Noel L. For Simonette’s love of her life, Mr. Noel L. Manalo, and kids, Princess and Prince, for the Manalo, and kids, Princess and Prince, for the love and understanding. To Mr. and Mrs. Timothy love and understanding. To Mr. and Mrs. Timothy Wright who never fails to help her. To her parents Wright who never fails to help her. To her parents whose always there to support her.whose always there to support her.

For Genald’s daughter, Vixen Eaunasia For Genald’s daughter, Vixen Eaunasia Nrevae, you are his life and his everything, thanks Nrevae, you are his life and his everything, thanks for the smile that makes his everyday.for the smile that makes his everyday.

For Michelle’s sister, Ma. Naty whose For Michelle’s sister, Ma. Naty whose always there and stands as her parent who gives always there and stands as her parent who gives love and support her needs financially, physically love and support her needs financially, physically and spiritually. and spiritually.

And above all to our Almighty God who And above all to our Almighty God who always there to give us strength, knowledge and always there to give us strength, knowledge and wisdom, and for all the blessings. He never wisdom, and for all the blessings. He never leaves us in whatever challenges we had leaves us in whatever challenges we had encounter.encounter.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!!THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!! ContentsNext

The human body is like a super machine, The human body is like a super machine, with hundreds of moving parts and miles of with hundreds of moving parts and miles of tubes. Your body’s design is even more tubes. Your body’s design is even more impressive than the newest computers and impressive than the newest computers and gadgets out there. The control center of the body gadgets out there. The control center of the body is the brain. The brain store all our learning, is the brain. The brain store all our learning, controls all that we see, hear and think, and every controls all that we see, hear and think, and every little movement to make, even while we are little movement to make, even while we are sleeping. The human body grows, feeds itself, sleeping. The human body grows, feeds itself, senses the world around it and handles all the senses the world around it and handles all the ups and downs of life. The human body grows, ups and downs of life. The human body grows, feeds itself, senses the world around it and feeds itself, senses the world around it and handles all the ups and downs of life.handles all the ups and downs of life.

The human body is like a super machine, The human body is like a super machine, with hundreds of moving parts and miles of with hundreds of moving parts and miles of tubes. Your body’s design is even more tubes. Your body’s design is even more impressive than the newest computers and impressive than the newest computers and gadgets out there. The control center of the body gadgets out there. The control center of the body is the brain. The brain store all our learning, is the brain. The brain store all our learning, controls all that we see, hear and think, and every controls all that we see, hear and think, and every little movement to make, even while we are little movement to make, even while we are sleeping. The human body grows, feeds itself, sleeping. The human body grows, feeds itself, senses the world around it and handles all the senses the world around it and handles all the ups and downs of life. The human body grows, ups and downs of life. The human body grows, feeds itself, senses the world around it and feeds itself, senses the world around it and handles all the ups and downs of life.handles all the ups and downs of life.

Our bodies have a basic pattern; we’re all Our bodies have a basic pattern; we’re all built with more or less the same parts inside built with more or less the same parts inside and out. But we don’t all look the same! That and out. But we don’t all look the same! That would be a kind of freaky. One thing is for sure would be a kind of freaky. One thing is for sure that your body works hard to keep you going. that your body works hard to keep you going. You can help it out by eating right, getting You can help it out by eating right, getting good sleep and exercising regularly. good sleep and exercising regularly.

Our bodies have a basic pattern; we’re all Our bodies have a basic pattern; we’re all built with more or less the same parts inside built with more or less the same parts inside and out. But we don’t all look the same! That and out. But we don’t all look the same! That would be a kind of freaky. One thing is for sure would be a kind of freaky. One thing is for sure that your body works hard to keep you going. that your body works hard to keep you going. You can help it out by eating right, getting You can help it out by eating right, getting good sleep and exercising regularly. good sleep and exercising regularly.

As you go on with your life now, do you As you go on with your life now, do you wonder about the things around you? Do you wonder about the things around you? Do you wonder about your bodies? Do you know how wonder about your bodies? Do you know how you can determine a big object from a small you can determine a big object from a small one? A round object from a rectangular one, a one? A round object from a rectangular one, a smooth mirror from a rough hollow block, a hot smooth mirror from a rough hollow block, a hot coffee from a cold ice, a sour taste from a sweet coffee from a cold ice, a sour taste from a sweet taste, a gentle music from a noise and the taste, a gentle music from a noise and the fragrant smell of sampaguita from a rotten rat? fragrant smell of sampaguita from a rotten rat?

As you go on with your life now, do you As you go on with your life now, do you wonder about the things around you? Do you wonder about the things around you? Do you wonder about your bodies? Do you know how wonder about your bodies? Do you know how you can determine a big object from a small you can determine a big object from a small one? A round object from a rectangular one, a one? A round object from a rectangular one, a smooth mirror from a rough hollow block, a hot smooth mirror from a rough hollow block, a hot coffee from a cold ice, a sour taste from a sweet coffee from a cold ice, a sour taste from a sweet taste, a gentle music from a noise and the taste, a gentle music from a noise and the fragrant smell of sampaguita from a rotten rat? fragrant smell of sampaguita from a rotten rat?

Do you know the different organs of the body Do you know the different organs of the body that enable you to observe all these? Do you that enable you to observe all these? Do you know the different systems of your body? know the different systems of your body? Do you know their works and functions? Do you know their works and functions? How does your body change? Are there any How does your body change? Are there any other substances that occur in your body? other substances that occur in your body? What is their purpose?What is their purpose?

In this module, you will discover the In this module, you will discover the answers for those questions. And you will answers for those questions. And you will understand what is the purpose of the understand what is the purpose of the Almighty God in giving this kind of body.Almighty God in giving this kind of body.

Do you know the different organs of the body Do you know the different organs of the body that enable you to observe all these? Do you that enable you to observe all these? Do you know the different systems of your body? know the different systems of your body? Do you know their works and functions? Do you know their works and functions? How does your body change? Are there any How does your body change? Are there any other substances that occur in your body? other substances that occur in your body? What is their purpose?What is their purpose?

In this module, you will discover the In this module, you will discover the answers for those questions. And you will answers for those questions. And you will understand what is the purpose of the understand what is the purpose of the Almighty God in giving this kind of body.Almighty God in giving this kind of body.

ContentsNext

To make the students:To make the students:Understand the different body systems Understand the different body systems Know the functions of the body structuresKnow the functions of the body structuresExplain the differences of each body Explain the differences of each body

system system Name the other important body organsName the other important body organs Infer that our sense organs have a big role Infer that our sense organs have a big role

in our daily livingin our daily living

To make the students:To make the students:Understand the different body systems Understand the different body systems Know the functions of the body structuresKnow the functions of the body structuresExplain the differences of each body Explain the differences of each body

system system Name the other important body organsName the other important body organs Infer that our sense organs have a big role Infer that our sense organs have a big role

in our daily livingin our daily living

Understand the different sense organs Understand the different sense organs their senses, their parts, their works and their senses, their parts, their works and functionsfunctions

Observe the parts of the sense organs Observe the parts of the sense organs from models and explain how they workfrom models and explain how they work

Enumerate the different ailments and Enumerate the different ailments and diseases of each sense organdiseases of each sense organ

Infer the importance of taking good care Infer the importance of taking good care of our sense organsof our sense organs

Explain the prevention of the different Explain the prevention of the different ailments and diseases for each sense ailments and diseases for each sense organsorgans

Understand the different sense organs Understand the different sense organs their senses, their parts, their works and their senses, their parts, their works and functionsfunctions

Observe the parts of the sense organs Observe the parts of the sense organs from models and explain how they workfrom models and explain how they work

Enumerate the different ailments and Enumerate the different ailments and diseases of each sense organdiseases of each sense organ

Infer the importance of taking good care Infer the importance of taking good care of our sense organsof our sense organs

Explain the prevention of the different Explain the prevention of the different ailments and diseases for each sense ailments and diseases for each sense organsorgans

Practice the proper caring and maintaining Practice the proper caring and maintaining the health of our body the health of our body

Practice preventing the diseases and ailments Practice preventing the diseases and ailments for each sense organs for each sense organs

Name the different parts of each body systemName the different parts of each body systemPoint the location each part of every body Point the location each part of every body

systemsystemUnderstand the changes and development of Understand the changes and development of

the human beingthe human beingDiscover the bodily substances and Discover the bodily substances and

functionsfunctions  

Practice the proper caring and maintaining Practice the proper caring and maintaining the health of our body the health of our body

Practice preventing the diseases and ailments Practice preventing the diseases and ailments for each sense organs for each sense organs

Name the different parts of each body systemName the different parts of each body systemPoint the location each part of every body Point the location each part of every body

systemsystemUnderstand the changes and development of Understand the changes and development of

the human beingthe human beingDiscover the bodily substances and Discover the bodily substances and

functionsfunctions  

NextContents

Contents

A. Before you proceed to the lesson proper, A. Before you proceed to the lesson proper, answer the Pre-Test questions.answer the Pre-Test questions.

B. Read and understand carefully before B. Read and understand carefully before answering the activities at the end of every answering the activities at the end of every lesson.lesson.

C. Make a self-discovery by using the different C. Make a self-discovery by using the different sense organs.sense organs.

D. Analyze yourself by answering the Post-Test D. Analyze yourself by answering the Post-Test questions at the end of each module.questions at the end of each module.

E. For more information about human being, read E. For more information about human being, read the APPENDICES.the APPENDICES.  

A. Before you proceed to the lesson proper, A. Before you proceed to the lesson proper, answer the Pre-Test questions.answer the Pre-Test questions.

B. Read and understand carefully before B. Read and understand carefully before answering the activities at the end of every answering the activities at the end of every lesson.lesson.

C. Make a self-discovery by using the different C. Make a self-discovery by using the different sense organs.sense organs.

D. Analyze yourself by answering the Post-Test D. Analyze yourself by answering the Post-Test questions at the end of each module.questions at the end of each module.

E. For more information about human being, read E. For more information about human being, read the APPENDICES.the APPENDICES.  

Next

1. It is a group of tissues with the same 1. It is a group of tissues with the same functions.functions.A. Cells B. System C. OrganA. Cells B. System C. Organ D. BrainD. Brain

1. It is a group of tissues with the same 1. It is a group of tissues with the same functions.functions.A. Cells B. System C. OrganA. Cells B. System C. Organ D. BrainD. Brain

2. The largest organ of our body ________.2. The largest organ of our body ________. A. Liver B. Intestine C. BrainA. Liver B. Intestine C. Brain D. Skin D. Skin2. The largest organ of our body ________.2. The largest organ of our body ________. A. Liver B. Intestine C. BrainA. Liver B. Intestine C. Brain D. Skin D. Skin

3. An eye ailment which is caused by an 3. An eye ailment which is caused by an infection of the eyelid and which appears infection of the eyelid and which appears red, itchy and swollen is called ________.red, itchy and swollen is called ________.

A. StyA. Sty B. Sore Eyes B. Sore Eyes C. Trachoma C. Trachoma D. Eye StrainD. Eye Strain

3. An eye ailment which is caused by an 3. An eye ailment which is caused by an infection of the eyelid and which appears infection of the eyelid and which appears red, itchy and swollen is called ________.red, itchy and swollen is called ________.

A. StyA. Sty B. Sore Eyes B. Sore Eyes C. Trachoma C. Trachoma D. Eye StrainD. Eye Strain

4. It helps you know what is happening around 4. It helps you know what is happening around you.you. A. Sense of sightA. Sense of sight B. Sense organB. Sense organ C. Skin C. Skin D. Cells D. Cells

4. It helps you know what is happening around 4. It helps you know what is happening around you.you. A. Sense of sightA. Sense of sight B. Sense organB. Sense organ C. Skin C. Skin D. Cells D. Cells

5. The three tiny bones in the middle ear 5. The three tiny bones in the middle ear are_______.are_______.A. Cochlea, hammer, eardrum A. Cochlea, hammer, eardrum B. Hammer, anvil, stirrupB. Hammer, anvil, stirrupC. cochlea, anvil, stirrup C. cochlea, anvil, stirrup D. cochlea cilia, anvilD. cochlea cilia, anvil

5. The three tiny bones in the middle ear 5. The three tiny bones in the middle ear are_______.are_______.A. Cochlea, hammer, eardrum A. Cochlea, hammer, eardrum B. Hammer, anvil, stirrupB. Hammer, anvil, stirrupC. cochlea, anvil, stirrup C. cochlea, anvil, stirrup D. cochlea cilia, anvilD. cochlea cilia, anvil

6. The elevated parts on the surface of the 6. The elevated parts on the surface of the tongue are called _______.tongue are called _______.A.System B.Tissues C.Organs D.Taste budsA.System B.Tissues C.Organs D.Taste buds

6. The elevated parts on the surface of the 6. The elevated parts on the surface of the tongue are called _______.tongue are called _______.A.System B.Tissues C.Organs D.Taste budsA.System B.Tissues C.Organs D.Taste buds

7. Which of the following is not rue?7. Which of the following is not rue?AA. . Use cotton buds in cleaning your ear.Use cotton buds in cleaning your ear.B. Avoid too much sunlight.B. Avoid too much sunlight.C. Smell all kinds of substances.C. Smell all kinds of substances.DD. . Do not eat too much sweet.Do not eat too much sweet.

7. Which of the following is not rue?7. Which of the following is not rue?AA. . Use cotton buds in cleaning your ear.Use cotton buds in cleaning your ear.B. Avoid too much sunlight.B. Avoid too much sunlight.C. Smell all kinds of substances.C. Smell all kinds of substances.DD. . Do not eat too much sweet.Do not eat too much sweet.

8. It is the framework of the body.8. It is the framework of the body. A. muscular systemA. muscular system B. skeletal systemB. skeletal system C. nervous systemC. nervous system D.digestive systemD.digestive system

8. It is the framework of the body.8. It is the framework of the body. A. muscular systemA. muscular system B. skeletal systemB. skeletal system C. nervous systemC. nervous system D.digestive systemD.digestive system9. It separates the middle ear from the outer ear. 9. It separates the middle ear from the outer ear.

A. EardrumA. Eardrum B. CochleaB. Cochlea C. Tiny bones C. Tiny bones D. Ear canalD. Ear canal

9. It separates the middle ear from the outer ear. 9. It separates the middle ear from the outer ear. A. EardrumA. Eardrum B. CochleaB. Cochlea C. Tiny bones C. Tiny bones D. Ear canalD. Ear canal

10. The outer layer of the skin is known as 10. The outer layer of the skin is known as ___________.___________.

A. Epidermis A. Epidermis B. DermisB. Dermis C. Brain C. Brain D. NerveD. Nerve

10. The outer layer of the skin is known as 10. The outer layer of the skin is known as ___________.___________.

A. Epidermis A. Epidermis B. DermisB. Dermis C. Brain C. Brain D. NerveD. Nerve

11. The yellow fruit and vegetables such as 11. The yellow fruit and vegetables such as papaya, carrots and squash are good for papaya, carrots and squash are good for the eyes. These foods are rich in _______.the eyes. These foods are rich in _______.A. Protein A. Protein

B. Vitamin CB. Vitamin CC. Vitamin A C. Vitamin A D. CarbohydratesD. Carbohydrates

11. The yellow fruit and vegetables such as 11. The yellow fruit and vegetables such as papaya, carrots and squash are good for papaya, carrots and squash are good for the eyes. These foods are rich in _______.the eyes. These foods are rich in _______.A. Protein A. Protein

B. Vitamin CB. Vitamin CC. Vitamin A C. Vitamin A D. CarbohydratesD. Carbohydrates

12. The white spots on the skin that appears on the 12. The white spots on the skin that appears on the face and arms.face and arms.A. Boils A. Boils C. Rickets C. RicketsB. Tinea FlavaB. Tinea Flava D. Scabies D. Scabies

12. The white spots on the skin that appears on the 12. The white spots on the skin that appears on the face and arms.face and arms.A. Boils A. Boils C. Rickets C. RicketsB. Tinea FlavaB. Tinea Flava D. Scabies D. Scabies

13. What do you call the fluid inside your mouth 13. What do you call the fluid inside your mouth that helps break down your food?that helps break down your food?

A.WaterA.Water C. SalivaC. SalivaB.Cochlea B.Cochlea D. MucusD. Mucus

13. What do you call the fluid inside your mouth 13. What do you call the fluid inside your mouth that helps break down your food?that helps break down your food?

A.WaterA.Water C. SalivaC. SalivaB.Cochlea B.Cochlea D. MucusD. Mucus

14. The __________ cells carry the message to 14. The __________ cells carry the message to the brain.the brain.

A. Nerve B. Blood C. Bone D. MuscleA. Nerve B. Blood C. Bone D. Muscle

14. The __________ cells carry the message to 14. The __________ cells carry the message to the brain.the brain.

A. Nerve B. Blood C. Bone D. MuscleA. Nerve B. Blood C. Bone D. Muscle

15. The white part of the eye is called _______.15. The white part of the eye is called _______. A.LensA.Lens B. Sclera B. Sclera C.Retina C.Retina D. Cornea D. Cornea15. The white part of the eye is called _______.15. The white part of the eye is called _______. A.LensA.Lens B. Sclera B. Sclera C.Retina C.Retina D. Cornea D. Cornea

16. Which of these organs do you use to compare 16. Which of these organs do you use to compare the texture of things?the texture of things?

A.Eyes B. NoseA.Eyes B. Nose C. Skin C. Skin D. ears D. ears

16. Which of these organs do you use to compare 16. Which of these organs do you use to compare the texture of things?the texture of things?

A.Eyes B. NoseA.Eyes B. Nose C. Skin C. Skin D. ears D. ears

17. The soup is tasteless. How did you know? 17. The soup is tasteless. How did you know? What sense organ did you use? What sense organ did you use?

A. Ears B. tongue C. skin A. Ears B. tongue C. skin D. nose D. nose

17. The soup is tasteless. How did you know? 17. The soup is tasteless. How did you know? What sense organ did you use? What sense organ did you use?

A. Ears B. tongue C. skin A. Ears B. tongue C. skin D. nose D. nose

18. Which of these advises tell you about 18. Which of these advises tell you about protection of the ears? protection of the ears? A. Avoid listening very loud sound.A. Avoid listening very loud sound.B. Avoid eating too much sweet.B. Avoid eating too much sweet.C. Take a daily bath.C. Take a daily bath.D. Eat carrots and squash.D. Eat carrots and squash.

18. Which of these advises tell you about 18. Which of these advises tell you about protection of the ears? protection of the ears? A. Avoid listening very loud sound.A. Avoid listening very loud sound.B. Avoid eating too much sweet.B. Avoid eating too much sweet.C. Take a daily bath.C. Take a daily bath.D. Eat carrots and squash.D. Eat carrots and squash.

19. Your nose was bleeding. What will you do?19. Your nose was bleeding. What will you do? A. Wipe your bleeding blood.A. Wipe your bleeding blood. B. Cry.B. Cry. C. Sit with your head up and press noise C. Sit with your head up and press noise

firmly. firmly. D. Blow your nose very hard.D. Blow your nose very hard.

19. Your nose was bleeding. What will you do?19. Your nose was bleeding. What will you do? A. Wipe your bleeding blood.A. Wipe your bleeding blood. B. Cry.B. Cry. C. Sit with your head up and press noise C. Sit with your head up and press noise

firmly. firmly. D. Blow your nose very hard.D. Blow your nose very hard.

20.The common ailment of the ear is _______.20.The common ailment of the ear is _______.A. ScabiesA. Scabies B. Pus C. Sty B. Pus C. Sty d. d. EpistaxisEpistaxis

20.The common ailment of the ear is _______.20.The common ailment of the ear is _______.A. ScabiesA. Scabies B. Pus C. Sty B. Pus C. Sty d. d. EpistaxisEpistaxis21. Ears, eyes, nose, tongue and skin are _____.21. Ears, eyes, nose, tongue and skin are _____.

A. Tissues A. Tissues B. Cells B. Cells C. Sense organs C. Sense organs D. SystemD. System

21. Ears, eyes, nose, tongue and skin are _____.21. Ears, eyes, nose, tongue and skin are _____. A. Tissues A. Tissues B. Cells B. Cells C. Sense organs C. Sense organs D. SystemD. System2222..The three main parts of the body are _____.The three main parts of the body are _____.

A.Eyes, ears, tongueA.Eyes, ears, tongueB.Head, hands, feetB.Head, hands, feetC.Head, Trunk, limbsC.Head, Trunk, limbsD.Shoulder, head, feetD.Shoulder, head, feet

2222..The three main parts of the body are _____.The three main parts of the body are _____.A.Eyes, ears, tongueA.Eyes, ears, tongueB.Head, hands, feetB.Head, hands, feetC.Head, Trunk, limbsC.Head, Trunk, limbsD.Shoulder, head, feetD.Shoulder, head, feet

23.It produces chemical called insulin. 23.It produces chemical called insulin. A. StomachA. Stomach C. Gallbladder C. Gallbladder

B. Pancreas B. Pancreas D. BileD. Bile

23.It produces chemical called insulin. 23.It produces chemical called insulin. A. StomachA. Stomach C. Gallbladder C. Gallbladder

B. Pancreas B. Pancreas D. BileD. Bile

24.The gas that we breathe in is Oxygen and 24.The gas that we breathe in is Oxygen and we take off _______________.we take off _______________. A.Carbon monoxideA.Carbon monoxide B.HydrogenB.Hydrogen C.Carbon dioxide C.Carbon dioxide D.NitrogenD.Nitrogen

24.The gas that we breathe in is Oxygen and 24.The gas that we breathe in is Oxygen and we take off _______________.we take off _______________. A.Carbon monoxideA.Carbon monoxide B.HydrogenB.Hydrogen C.Carbon dioxide C.Carbon dioxide D.NitrogenD.Nitrogen

25.The ________________is the part of the 25.The ________________is the part of the body that helps us breathe.body that helps us breathe. A.respiratory systemA.respiratory system B.circulatory systemB.circulatory system C.digestive systemC.digestive system D.all of the aboveD.all of the above

25.The ________________is the part of the 25.The ________________is the part of the body that helps us breathe.body that helps us breathe. A.respiratory systemA.respiratory system B.circulatory systemB.circulatory system C.digestive systemC.digestive system D.all of the aboveD.all of the above

26.Which of the following statement is true?26.Which of the following statement is true? A. No one of the body systems helps to A. No one of the body systems helps to one another. one another. B. Growth means physical change.B. Growth means physical change. C. Environment affects the growth and C. Environment affects the growth and development of a child. development of a child.

D. When we take a rest, our heart is still D. When we take a rest, our heart is still pumping very fast. pumping very fast.

26.Which of the following statement is true?26.Which of the following statement is true? A. No one of the body systems helps to A. No one of the body systems helps to one another. one another. B. Growth means physical change.B. Growth means physical change. C. Environment affects the growth and C. Environment affects the growth and development of a child. development of a child.

D. When we take a rest, our heart is still D. When we take a rest, our heart is still pumping very fast. pumping very fast.

27. _______________ helps us to develop our 27. _______________ helps us to develop our good posture. good posture.

A.Balance diet C. Exercise A.Balance diet C. Exercise B. sleep B. sleep D. all of the above D. all of the above

27. _______________ helps us to develop our 27. _______________ helps us to develop our good posture. good posture.

A.Balance diet C. Exercise A.Balance diet C. Exercise B. sleep B. sleep D. all of the above D. all of the above

28.Mingling with other people is a change in 28.Mingling with other people is a change in __________.__________.

A. PhysicalA. Physical C. Mental C. Mental B. Social B. Social D. Emotional D. Emotional

28.Mingling with other people is a change in 28.Mingling with other people is a change in __________.__________.

A. PhysicalA. Physical C. Mental C. Mental B. Social B. Social D. Emotional D. Emotional

29.When we are sleeping, our __________ are 29.When we are sleeping, our __________ are refreshed.refreshed.

A. musclesA. muscles C. brainC. brainB. bones B. bones D. heartD. heart

29.When we are sleeping, our __________ are 29.When we are sleeping, our __________ are refreshed.refreshed.

A. musclesA. muscles C. brainC. brainB. bones B. bones D. heartD. heart

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30.The three main parts of our body are 30.The three main parts of our body are __________.__________.

A. brain, heart, lungsA. brain, heart, lungsB. head, abdomen, limbsB. head, abdomen, limbsC. head, trunk, limbsC. head, trunk, limbsD. brain, spine, trunkD. brain, spine, trunk

30.The three main parts of our body are 30.The three main parts of our body are __________.__________.

A. brain, heart, lungsA. brain, heart, lungsB. head, abdomen, limbsB. head, abdomen, limbsC. head, trunk, limbsC. head, trunk, limbsD. brain, spine, trunkD. brain, spine, trunk

Home Contents

HUMAN BODY ONHUMAN BODY ONMODULE 1MODULE 1 THE GO THE GO HUMAN BODY ONHUMAN BODY ON

MODULE 1MODULE 1 THE GO THE GO

The human body is an The human body is an amazing creation!amazing creation!

Even though every Even though every body has the same parts, body has the same parts, no two bodies are really the no two bodies are really the same. Some people are tall, same. Some people are tall, and some are short.and some are short.

The human body is an The human body is an amazing creation!amazing creation!

Even though every Even though every body has the same parts, body has the same parts, no two bodies are really the no two bodies are really the same. Some people are tall, same. Some people are tall, and some are short.and some are short.

NextNextHomeHome Contents

skin comes in many skin comes in many different colors. So different colors. So does our hair. People does our hair. People move, think, feel and move, think, feel and act in different ways. act in different ways. But we all share a But we all share a fantastic creation fantastic creation called the called the human human body.body.

skin comes in many skin comes in many different colors. So different colors. So does our hair. People does our hair. People move, think, feel and move, think, feel and act in different ways. act in different ways. But we all share a But we all share a fantastic creation fantastic creation called the called the human human body.body.    Humans can think, feel, hear, see, eat, Humans can think, feel, hear, see, eat, drink, jump, run and do many other things drink, jump, run and do many other things with their bodies.with their bodies.

    Humans can think, feel, hear, see, eat, Humans can think, feel, hear, see, eat, drink, jump, run and do many other things drink, jump, run and do many other things with their bodies.with their bodies. In some ways, every body is In some ways, every body is the same.All bodies are made up of cells, the same.All bodies are made up of cells, tissues, organs and systems. tissues, organs and systems.

In some ways, every body is In some ways, every body is the same.All bodies are made up of cells, the same.All bodies are made up of cells, tissues, organs and systems. tissues, organs and systems.

Some are heavy and some are skinny. OurSome are heavy and some are skinny. OurSome are heavy and some are skinny. OurSome are heavy and some are skinny. Our

Contents

Figure 1-1. The muscles have millions of cells like this.

This is the red blood cells. Its shape and flexible plasma membrane allow the red blood cells to penetrate the smallest of capillaries. Figure 1-2

The CellsThe CellsThe human body is made up of The human body is made up of cellscells. .

There are billions of cells in the body. They There are billions of cells in the body. They are too tiny that we cannot see them unless are too tiny that we cannot see them unless you use a very powerful microscope.you use a very powerful microscope. There There are many kinds of cells in the body. Some are many kinds of cells in the body. Some cells are cells are roundround, some are , some are flatflat, some are , some are elongatedelongated, and some look like , and some look like ribbons or ribbons or crooked rods.crooked rods.

The human body is made up of The human body is made up of cellscells. . There are billions of cells in the body. They There are billions of cells in the body. They are too tiny that we cannot see them unless are too tiny that we cannot see them unless you use a very powerful microscope.you use a very powerful microscope. There There are many kinds of cells in the body. Some are many kinds of cells in the body. Some cells are cells are roundround, some are , some are flatflat, some are , some are elongatedelongated, and some look like , and some look like ribbons or ribbons or crooked rods.crooked rods.

Contents

After reading the facts about cells, what After reading the facts about cells, what is the role of the cells to our body? How are is the role of the cells to our body? How are the cells differing to one another?the cells differing to one another? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

After reading the facts about cells, what After reading the facts about cells, what is the role of the cells to our body? How are is the role of the cells to our body? How are the cells differing to one another?the cells differing to one another? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Contents

The TissuesThe Tissues

This is the connective tissue that includes bone, cartilage, fat, ligaments, and tendons. These tissues support and connect parts of the body Figure 1-4

This is the connective tissue that includes bone, cartilage, fat, ligaments, and tendons. These tissues support and connect parts of the body Figure 1-4

This is the epithelial tissue, which include the skin and the inner surfaces of the body Figure 1-3

This is the epithelial tissue, which include the skin and the inner surfaces of the body Figure 1-3

Cells have their own specific jobs. Some Cells have their own specific jobs. Some cells are grouped together to do a specific cells are grouped together to do a specific work. A group of cells that do specific work work. A group of cells that do specific work are called are called tissuetissue.. A group of cells that is A group of cells that is elastic forms elastic forms Bone tissuesBone tissues. The skin tissue is . The skin tissue is made up of a certain group of cells. The made up of a certain group of cells. The diagrams below are the examples of each diagrams below are the examples of each tissue.tissue.

Cells have their own specific jobs. Some Cells have their own specific jobs. Some cells are grouped together to do a specific cells are grouped together to do a specific work. A group of cells that do specific work work. A group of cells that do specific work are called are called tissuetissue.. A group of cells that is A group of cells that is elastic forms elastic forms Bone tissuesBone tissues. The skin tissue is . The skin tissue is made up of a certain group of cells. The made up of a certain group of cells. The diagrams below are the examples of each diagrams below are the examples of each tissue.tissue.

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Same with the cells, after reading about Same with the cells, after reading about tissue, what is the difference between tissue, what is the difference between epithelial tissue and connective tissue?epithelial tissue and connective tissue? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Same with the cells, after reading about Same with the cells, after reading about tissue, what is the difference between tissue, what is the difference between epithelial tissue and connective tissue?epithelial tissue and connective tissue? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

 

Contents

The OrgansThe Organs

The different kinds of tissues that are The different kinds of tissues that are combined and arranged are called combined and arranged are called organorgan. An . An organ has a specific function. The heart, organ has a specific function. The heart, lungs, brain, liver, stomach, intestines, lungs, brain, liver, stomach, intestines, kidney and even the skin are all organs that kidney and even the skin are all organs that keep the body working right. The eyes, ears, keep the body working right. The eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin are sense organs.nose, tongue and skin are sense organs.

The different kinds of tissues that are The different kinds of tissues that are combined and arranged are called combined and arranged are called organorgan. An . An organ has a specific function. The heart, organ has a specific function. The heart, lungs, brain, liver, stomach, intestines, lungs, brain, liver, stomach, intestines, kidney and even the skin are all organs that kidney and even the skin are all organs that keep the body working right. The eyes, ears, keep the body working right. The eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin are sense organs.nose, tongue and skin are sense organs.

click1 click2

Other information regarding about these different organs can be found in the Other information regarding about these different organs can be found in the

next other chapters, THE SENSE ORGANS and The BODY SYSTEMSnext other chapters, THE SENSE ORGANS and The BODY SYSTEMS

Contents

Digestive Nervous Skeletal Muscular System System System System

Figure 1-5

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The SystemsThe SystemsGroups of organs are called Groups of organs are called systemssystems. .

The human body has several systems. Here The human body has several systems. Here are just a few. The skeletal and muscular are just a few. The skeletal and muscular systems help us move. The circulatory systems help us move. The circulatory system moves blood through our bodies. system moves blood through our bodies. The respiratory system helps us breathe. The The respiratory system helps us breathe. The digestive system changes food into fuel for digestive system changes food into fuel for the bodies. The immune system keeps us the bodies. The immune system keeps us healthy. healthy.

Groups of organs are called Groups of organs are called systemssystems. . The human body has several systems. Here The human body has several systems. Here are just a few. The skeletal and muscular are just a few. The skeletal and muscular systems help us move. The circulatory systems help us move. The circulatory system moves blood through our bodies. system moves blood through our bodies. The respiratory system helps us breathe. The The respiratory system helps us breathe. The digestive system changes food into fuel for digestive system changes food into fuel for the bodies. The immune system keeps us the bodies. The immune system keeps us healthy. healthy.

Contents

Look at the picture of the different Look at the picture of the different systems of the body in Figure 1-5.systems of the body in Figure 1-5.

What are the different organs of the What are the different organs of the body? What are the roles of the organs to the body? What are the roles of the organs to the system of the body? Do all systems in Figure system of the body? Do all systems in Figure 1-5 related to one another?1-5 related to one another?

Look at the picture of the different Look at the picture of the different systems of the body in Figure 1-5.systems of the body in Figure 1-5.

What are the different organs of the What are the different organs of the body? What are the roles of the organs to the body? What are the roles of the organs to the system of the body? Do all systems in Figure system of the body? Do all systems in Figure 1-5 related to one another?1-5 related to one another?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Contents

No one’s body system can

function without the help from the

other

No one’s body system can

function without the help from the

other

Remember…Remember…

Contents

Lesson 1Lesson 1Main Divisions of BodyMain Divisions of Body

Learning Objectives: Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the student At the end of the lesson the student

must be able to:must be able to:Describe the human bodyDescribe the human bodyIdentify the three main divisions of our Identify the three main divisions of our bodybodyDifferentiate each divisionDifferentiate each divisionAppreciate these body partsAppreciate these body parts

Lesson 1Lesson 1Main Divisions of BodyMain Divisions of Body

Learning Objectives: Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the student At the end of the lesson the student

must be able to:must be able to:Describe the human bodyDescribe the human bodyIdentify the three main divisions of our Identify the three main divisions of our bodybodyDifferentiate each divisionDifferentiate each divisionAppreciate these body partsAppreciate these body parts

NextBackHomeHome Contents

You have learned much about the You have learned much about the body structures of plants and animals. body structures of plants and animals. How do they differ with the body How do they differ with the body structures of man?structures of man?

The body of men is divided into 3 The body of men is divided into 3 main parts, namely: the head, the main parts, namely: the head, the trunk, and the limbs. The trunk runs trunk, and the limbs. The trunk runs from the neck down to where the legs from the neck down to where the legs begin. The limbs include the arms and begin. The limbs include the arms and the legs.the legs.

You have learned much about the You have learned much about the body structures of plants and animals. body structures of plants and animals. How do they differ with the body How do they differ with the body structures of man?structures of man?

The body of men is divided into 3 The body of men is divided into 3 main parts, namely: the head, the main parts, namely: the head, the trunk, and the limbs. The trunk runs trunk, and the limbs. The trunk runs from the neck down to where the legs from the neck down to where the legs begin. The limbs include the arms and begin. The limbs include the arms and the legs.the legs.

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The head bone called the The head bone called the skullskull supports the head. The supports the head. The head houses the head houses the brainbrain and the and the different sense organs. The different sense organs. The other parts of the body are on other parts of the body are on the head. Eyes are the sense the head. Eyes are the sense organ for seeing.organ for seeing.

The head bone called the The head bone called the skullskull supports the head. The supports the head. The head houses the head houses the brainbrain and the and the different sense organs. The different sense organs. The other parts of the body are on other parts of the body are on the head. Eyes are the sense the head. Eyes are the sense organ for seeing.organ for seeing.

THE HEADTHE HEADTHE HEADTHE HEAD

Nose is the Nose is the sense organ for smelling. It is also used for sense organ for smelling. It is also used for breathing.breathing. Inside the mouth is the tongue, which Inside the mouth is the tongue, which is the sense organ for tasting.is the sense organ for tasting. The mouth is The mouth is used for eating, talking, and at times for used for eating, talking, and at times for breathing, too. Ears are the sense organs for breathing, too. Ears are the sense organs for hearing. The hair, which covers and protects hearing. The hair, which covers and protects the head, grows on the skin called the head, grows on the skin called scalpscalp. .

Nose is the Nose is the sense organ for smelling. It is also used for sense organ for smelling. It is also used for breathing.breathing. Inside the mouth is the tongue, which Inside the mouth is the tongue, which is the sense organ for tasting.is the sense organ for tasting. The mouth is The mouth is used for eating, talking, and at times for used for eating, talking, and at times for breathing, too. Ears are the sense organs for breathing, too. Ears are the sense organs for hearing. The hair, which covers and protects hearing. The hair, which covers and protects the head, grows on the skin called the head, grows on the skin called scalpscalp. .

Contents

Looking BackLooking Back to the facts about the to the facts about the head, what can you find in our head part? head, what can you find in our head part? What is the important organ that is protected What is the important organ that is protected by the skull?by the skull?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.________________________________.

Please read the next part of the Main Please read the next part of the Main divisions of the Human Body.divisions of the Human Body.

Looking BackLooking Back to the facts about the to the facts about the head, what can you find in our head part? head, what can you find in our head part? What is the important organ that is protected What is the important organ that is protected by the skull?by the skull?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.________________________________.

Please read the next part of the Main Please read the next part of the Main divisions of the Human Body.divisions of the Human Body.

Contents

THE TRUNKTHE TRUNKTHE TRUNKTHE TRUNKThe The trunktrunk is is

divided into two divided into two parts: the parts: the chestchest and and the the abdomenabdomen. The . The ribsribs support the support the chest cavity.chest cavity.

The The trunktrunk is is divided into two divided into two parts: the parts: the chestchest and and the the abdomenabdomen. The . The ribsribs support the support the chest cavity.chest cavity.

The The chest cavitychest cavity protects two important protects two important organs of the body, the organs of the body, the heartheart and the and the lungs.lungs. The heart pumps blood to different parts of The heart pumps blood to different parts of the body. The lungs get the body. The lungs get oxygenoxygen from the air from the air we breathe in and give off we breathe in and give off carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide when we breathe out.when we breathe out.

The The chest cavitychest cavity protects two important protects two important organs of the body, the organs of the body, the heartheart and the and the lungs.lungs. The heart pumps blood to different parts of The heart pumps blood to different parts of the body. The lungs get the body. The lungs get oxygenoxygen from the air from the air we breathe in and give off we breathe in and give off carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide when we breathe out.when we breathe out.

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The The abdomenabdomen houses and houses and protects the stomach, the protects the stomach, the small intestine, the large small intestine, the large intestine, the liver, the intestine, the liver, the gallbladder and the other gallbladder and the other organ. The organ. The stomachstomach grinds grinds the food we take in. The the food we take in. The small small intestineintestine changes changes

The The abdomenabdomen houses and houses and protects the stomach, the protects the stomach, the small intestine, the large small intestine, the large intestine, the liver, the intestine, the liver, the gallbladder and the other gallbladder and the other organ. The organ. The stomachstomach grinds grinds the food we take in. The the food we take in. The small small intestineintestine changes changes this food to this food to simple forms. Its walls are simple forms. Its walls are lined with fingerlike lined with fingerlike projections projections

this food to this food to simple forms. Its walls are simple forms. Its walls are lined with fingerlike lined with fingerlike projections projections called called villi,villi, which help in which help in absorbing the digested food.absorbing the digested food. called called villi,villi, which help in which help in absorbing the digested food.absorbing the digested food.

The The large intestine large intestine takes care of the undigested takes care of the undigested food. The undigested food is excreted through the food. The undigested food is excreted through the rectum as stool or feces. The liver processes and rectum as stool or feces. The liver processes and stores the goodness from the food. It also stores the goodness from the food. It also removes old cells from the blood. The function of removes old cells from the blood. The function of the gallbladder is to store bile, secreted by the the gallbladder is to store bile, secreted by the liver and transmitted from that organ.liver and transmitted from that organ.

..

The The large intestine large intestine takes care of the undigested takes care of the undigested food. The undigested food is excreted through the food. The undigested food is excreted through the rectum as stool or feces. The liver processes and rectum as stool or feces. The liver processes and stores the goodness from the food. It also stores the goodness from the food. It also removes old cells from the blood. The function of removes old cells from the blood. The function of the gallbladder is to store bile, secreted by the the gallbladder is to store bile, secreted by the liver and transmitted from that organ.liver and transmitted from that organ.

..

Contents

After reading the information about the After reading the information about the trunk of the human body, what are the two trunk of the human body, what are the two main parts of it? What are the important main parts of it? What are the important organs that are protected by the abdomenorgans that are protected by the abdomen? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

After reading the information about the After reading the information about the trunk of the human body, what are the two trunk of the human body, what are the two main parts of it? What are the important main parts of it? What are the important organs that are protected by the abdomenorgans that are protected by the abdomen? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Other information regarding the role of the different organs inside the abdomen can be found in the next chapter, the Digestive System. Other information regarding the role of the different organs inside the abdomen can be found in the next chapter, the Digestive System.

Read carefully the third divisions of our Read carefully the third divisions of our body, the upper and the lower limbs.body, the upper and the lower limbs.

Read carefully the third divisions of our Read carefully the third divisions of our body, the upper and the lower limbs.body, the upper and the lower limbs.

Contents

The upper limbs or The upper limbs or arms are used for carrying arms are used for carrying or holding things. It is also or holding things. It is also used for doing activities like used for doing activities like brushing the teeth, writing, brushing the teeth, writing, drawing and playing the drawing and playing the guitar. The lower limbs, guitar. The lower limbs,

The upper limbs or The upper limbs or arms are used for carrying arms are used for carrying or holding things. It is also or holding things. It is also used for doing activities like used for doing activities like brushing the teeth, writing, brushing the teeth, writing, drawing and playing the drawing and playing the guitar. The lower limbs, guitar. The lower limbs,

Figure 1-9The

Limbs

Figure 1-9The

Limbs

THE LIMBSTHE LIMBS

including the thighs, knees, legs and feet. including the thighs, knees, legs and feet. The lower limbs enable the body to stand The lower limbs enable the body to stand straight and to move about from one place to straight and to move about from one place to another. We can dance, jump, skip, run away another. We can dance, jump, skip, run away from danger, and play with force and power from danger, and play with force and power with the lower limbs. with the lower limbs.

including the thighs, knees, legs and feet. including the thighs, knees, legs and feet. The lower limbs enable the body to stand The lower limbs enable the body to stand straight and to move about from one place to straight and to move about from one place to another. We can dance, jump, skip, run away another. We can dance, jump, skip, run away from danger, and play with force and power from danger, and play with force and power with the lower limbs. with the lower limbs.

Contents

The limbs has many roles to the body, The limbs has many roles to the body, can you name the different parts you can find can you name the different parts you can find to the upper and lower limbs? What are those to the upper and lower limbs? What are those parts? What would happen to us if our upper parts? What would happen to us if our upper and lower limbs were fractured? and lower limbs were fractured? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

To evaluate yourself, answer the Activity To evaluate yourself, answer the Activity 1-1. Read the next module for another facts 1-1. Read the next module for another facts and information about The Human Body.and information about The Human Body.

The limbs has many roles to the body, The limbs has many roles to the body, can you name the different parts you can find can you name the different parts you can find to the upper and lower limbs? What are those to the upper and lower limbs? What are those parts? What would happen to us if our upper parts? What would happen to us if our upper and lower limbs were fractured? and lower limbs were fractured? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

To evaluate yourself, answer the Activity To evaluate yourself, answer the Activity 1-1. Read the next module for another facts 1-1. Read the next module for another facts and information about The Human Body.and information about The Human Body.

Man is created by God in His own image. Our body was made by His

own hand with so much of love. So, we must take care of it because this is the Temple of the Holy

Spirit.

Remember… Remember…

  Activity 1-1 Activity 1-1

Know Your BodyKnow Your Body

  A. Here is a picture of a man. Label the three main A. Here is a picture of a man. Label the three main divisions of the body and the other parts that you divisions of the body and the other parts that you

knowknow..

  Activity 1-1 Activity 1-1

Know Your BodyKnow Your Body

  A. Here is a picture of a man. Label the three main A. Here is a picture of a man. Label the three main divisions of the body and the other parts that you divisions of the body and the other parts that you

knowknow..

Name: ______________ Date: _______________ Name: ______________ Date: _______________ Grade:_______________ Score:_______________Grade:_______________ Score:_______________Name: ______________ Date: _______________ Name: ______________ Date: _______________ Grade:_______________ Score:_______________Grade:_______________ Score:_______________

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B. Make a literary work about the human body. B. Make a literary work about the human body. Differentiate the three main parts of our body in your Differentiate the three main parts of our body in your own understanding. Write it on the answer sheet on own understanding. Write it on the answer sheet on the next page.the next page._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________._______________.

B. Make a literary work about the human body. B. Make a literary work about the human body. Differentiate the three main parts of our body in your Differentiate the three main parts of our body in your own understanding. Write it on the answer sheet on own understanding. Write it on the answer sheet on the next page.the next page._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________._______________.

Name: __________________ Date: ____________ Name: __________________ Date: ____________ Grade:__________________ Score:____________Grade:__________________ Score:____________Name: __________________ Date: ____________ Name: __________________ Date: ____________ Grade:__________________ Score:____________Grade:__________________ Score:____________

Contents

Lesson 2Lesson 2Things Needed In Order to GrowThings Needed In Order to Grow

  Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:student must be able to:  Identify the different needs of our Identify the different needs of our bodybody  Understand the importance of food Understand the importance of food pyramidpyramid  Practice the proper use of our Practice the proper use of our needs in order to growneeds in order to grow

Lesson 2Lesson 2Things Needed In Order to GrowThings Needed In Order to Grow

  Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:student must be able to:  Identify the different needs of our Identify the different needs of our bodybody  Understand the importance of food Understand the importance of food pyramidpyramid  Practice the proper use of our Practice the proper use of our needs in order to growneeds in order to growWe grow and we change in many ways. We change in height, weight and age. In order to grow healthy and strong, we need many things.

We grow and we change in many ways. We change in height, weight and age. In order to grow healthy and strong, we need many things.

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Human beings are Human beings are heterotrophicheterotrophic, , meaning we rely on outside source for food. meaning we rely on outside source for food. The fact is, everything we do requires fuel. The fact is, everything we do requires fuel. Our body’s fuel is a balance of carbohydrates, Our body’s fuel is a balance of carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins and minerals. We can protein, fats, vitamins and minerals. We can get these nutrients through the food we eat. get these nutrients through the food we eat. We need food in order to grow. We need food in order to grow.

Human beings are Human beings are heterotrophicheterotrophic, , meaning we rely on outside source for food. meaning we rely on outside source for food. The fact is, everything we do requires fuel. The fact is, everything we do requires fuel. Our body’s fuel is a balance of carbohydrates, Our body’s fuel is a balance of carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins and minerals. We can protein, fats, vitamins and minerals. We can get these nutrients through the food we eat. get these nutrients through the food we eat. We need food in order to grow. We need food in order to grow.

WE NEED FOODWE NEED FOODWE NEED FOODWE NEED FOOD

Look at the Look at the FOOD PYRAMIDFOOD PYRAMID on the next on the next page. The page. The pyramidpyramid is designed to help people is designed to help people with different lifestyles and nutritional needs with different lifestyles and nutritional needs live healthier lives. The new nutritional live healthier lives. The new nutritional guideline system is called guideline system is called My PyramidMy Pyramid..

Look at the Look at the FOOD PYRAMIDFOOD PYRAMID on the next on the next page. The page. The pyramidpyramid is designed to help people is designed to help people with different lifestyles and nutritional needs with different lifestyles and nutritional needs live healthier lives. The new nutritional live healthier lives. The new nutritional guideline system is called guideline system is called My PyramidMy Pyramid..

Vegetable Group3-5 ServingsFruits and vegetables provide vitamins, minerals, and fiber. They keep your hair shiny, your skin healthy and your digestive system on track, among other things.

Vegetable Group3-5 ServingsFruits and vegetables provide vitamins, minerals, and fiber. They keep your hair shiny, your skin healthy and your digestive system on track, among other things.

Fruit Group2-4 Servings 

Fruit Group2-4 Servings 

Bread, Cereals, Rice and Pasta Group3-5 ServingsOur energy comes from Carbohydrates. Our bodies break them down into a simple sugar called Glucose, and that glucose is what our cells use for energy.

Bread, Cereals, Rice and Pasta Group3-5 ServingsOur energy comes from Carbohydrates. Our bodies break them down into a simple sugar called Glucose, and that glucose is what our cells use for energy.

Too much fat in your diet can lead to all sorts of health problems later in life.

Too much fat in your diet can lead to all sorts of health problems later in life.

Most Protein comes from animal products, so vegetarians have to be very careful to get enough of the protein, calcium, iron and zinc found in meat and dairy.

Most Protein comes from animal products, so vegetarians have to be very careful to get enough of the protein, calcium, iron and zinc found in meat and dairy.

Most glucose that isn’t used by the body right away is stored for later as Fat.

Most glucose that isn’t used by the body right away is stored for later as Fat.

Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs, and Fish2-3 ServingProtein is important because it helps our bodies rebuild tissue.

Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs, and Fish2-3 ServingProtein is important because it helps our bodies rebuild tissue.

Fats, Oils, and SweetsUse sparinglyThe body doesn’t need much extra fat, even though they taste good! Most of us don’t need to be careful about consuming enough of these.

Fats, Oils, and SweetsUse sparinglyThe body doesn’t need much extra fat, even though they taste good! Most of us don’t need to be careful about consuming enough of these.

Milk, Yogurt and Cheese Group2-3 Servings 

Milk, Yogurt and Cheese Group2-3 Servings 

Figure 1-10Food Pyramid

Figure 1-10Food Pyramid

Figure Figure 1-121-12Rice, Rice,

Pasta and Pasta and BreadBread

Figure Figure 1-121-12Rice, Rice,

Pasta and Pasta and BreadBread

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are sugars are sugars that the body uses for energy. that the body uses for energy. Simple carbohydrates, also Simple carbohydrates, also called simple sugars, provide called simple sugars, provide the body with quick energy. the body with quick energy. They are found in fruit, milk and They are found in fruit, milk and white white sugar. sugar.

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are sugars are sugars that the body uses for energy. that the body uses for energy. Simple carbohydrates, also Simple carbohydrates, also called simple sugars, provide called simple sugars, provide the body with quick energy. the body with quick energy. They are found in fruit, milk and They are found in fruit, milk and white white sugar. sugar.

Figure 1-11Figure 1-11Meat, Fish, Meat, Fish,

Egg, and Egg, and ChickenChicken

Figure 1-11Figure 1-11Meat, Fish, Meat, Fish,

Egg, and Egg, and ChickenChicken

ProteinProtein helps the body helps the body grow, builds muscle and grow, builds muscle and gives us energy. Protein gives us energy. Protein rich foods include meats, rich foods include meats, eggs, nuts and beans.eggs, nuts and beans.

ProteinProtein helps the body helps the body grow, builds muscle and grow, builds muscle and gives us energy. Protein gives us energy. Protein rich foods include meats, rich foods include meats, eggs, nuts and beans.eggs, nuts and beans.

Protein, Carbohydrates, FatProtein, Carbohydrates, FatProtein, Carbohydrates, FatProtein, Carbohydrates, Fat

Complex carbohydratesComplex carbohydrates, known as , known as fiberfiber and and starchstarch, break down slower than , break down slower than simple carbohydrates. They are found in simple carbohydrates. They are found in vegetables, bread, rice, oatmeal, whole vegetables, bread, rice, oatmeal, whole grains and peas.grains and peas.

The body needs The body needs FatFat for energy, to for energy, to grow and to process vitamins. There are grow and to process vitamins. There are many different kinds of fats. many different kinds of fats. PolyunsaturatedPolyunsaturated and and monounsaturated fatsmonounsaturated fats are good for the body. These fats are found are good for the body. These fats are found in nuts and fish, as well as in olive, peanut, in nuts and fish, as well as in olive, peanut, safflower and canola oil. Saturated fats are safflower and canola oil. Saturated fats are mostly found in food from animals, such as mostly found in food from animals, such as meat and butter. meat and butter.

Complex carbohydratesComplex carbohydrates, known as , known as fiberfiber and and starchstarch, break down slower than , break down slower than simple carbohydrates. They are found in simple carbohydrates. They are found in vegetables, bread, rice, oatmeal, whole vegetables, bread, rice, oatmeal, whole grains and peas.grains and peas.

The body needs The body needs FatFat for energy, to for energy, to grow and to process vitamins. There are grow and to process vitamins. There are many different kinds of fats. many different kinds of fats. PolyunsaturatedPolyunsaturated and and monounsaturated fatsmonounsaturated fats are good for the body. These fats are found are good for the body. These fats are found in nuts and fish, as well as in olive, peanut, in nuts and fish, as well as in olive, peanut, safflower and canola oil. Saturated fats are safflower and canola oil. Saturated fats are mostly found in food from animals, such as mostly found in food from animals, such as meat and butter. meat and butter.

Saturated fatsSaturated fats increase the risk of increase the risk of certain diseases. We should try to stay away certain diseases. We should try to stay away from hydrogenated oils and Trans fats, from hydrogenated oils and Trans fats, which are found in fast foods, baked goods which are found in fast foods, baked goods and chips. and chips. They also can They also can increase the risk increase the risk of health problems. of health problems. After answering the After answering the following questions,following questions, do the Activity 1-2.do the Activity 1-2.

Saturated fatsSaturated fats increase the risk of increase the risk of certain diseases. We should try to stay away certain diseases. We should try to stay away from hydrogenated oils and Trans fats, from hydrogenated oils and Trans fats, which are found in fast foods, baked goods which are found in fast foods, baked goods and chips. and chips. They also can They also can increase the risk increase the risk of health problems. of health problems. After answering the After answering the following questions,following questions, do the Activity 1-2.do the Activity 1-2.

Figure 1-13Foods came from Fast-food

like hotdog sandwich, pizza, french fries

Going back to the basic food groups, in Going back to the basic food groups, in what group does the protein and fats belong? what group does the protein and fats belong? How about the carbohydrates, do it belongs to How about the carbohydrates, do it belongs to the group of fats and protein? Prove your the group of fats and protein? Prove your answer. answer. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.______________________________________.

Going back to the basic food groups, in Going back to the basic food groups, in what group does the protein and fats belong? what group does the protein and fats belong? How about the carbohydrates, do it belongs to How about the carbohydrates, do it belongs to the group of fats and protein? Prove your the group of fats and protein? Prove your answer. answer. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.______________________________________.

   After playing long or After playing long or running hard, we feel very running hard, we feel very tired. When we feel tired, tired. When we feel tired, we need to rest. we need to rest. RestRest enables the blood to enables the blood to remove the waste products remove the waste products from the muscles. Then from the muscles. Then the muscles feel refreshed the muscles feel refreshed and we are ready to work and we are ready to work and play again.and play again.

   After playing long or After playing long or running hard, we feel very running hard, we feel very tired. When we feel tired, tired. When we feel tired, we need to rest. we need to rest. RestRest enables the blood to enables the blood to remove the waste products remove the waste products from the muscles. Then from the muscles. Then the muscles feel refreshed the muscles feel refreshed and we are ready to work and we are ready to work and play again.and play again.

WE NEED REST AND SLEEPWE NEED REST AND SLEEPWE NEED REST AND SLEEPWE NEED REST AND SLEEP

SleepSleep gives the body the rest it needs, gives the body the rest it needs, so we will be ready again for work the next so we will be ready again for work the next day. When we sleep, our heart beats slowly day. When we sleep, our heart beats slowly and the blood flows slowly, too, in our body. and the blood flows slowly, too, in our body. Our brain also rests when we sleep. The Our brain also rests when we sleep. The deeper we sleep, the more rested we feel deeper we sleep, the more rested we feel when we wake up.when we wake up.

SleepSleep gives the body the rest it needs, gives the body the rest it needs, so we will be ready again for work the next so we will be ready again for work the next day. When we sleep, our heart beats slowly day. When we sleep, our heart beats slowly and the blood flows slowly, too, in our body. and the blood flows slowly, too, in our body. Our brain also rests when we sleep. The Our brain also rests when we sleep. The deeper we sleep, the more rested we feel deeper we sleep, the more rested we feel when we wake up.when we wake up.

Not only exercise is fun, but it also Not only exercise is fun, but it also helps your mind, body and overall well-being. helps your mind, body and overall well-being. Kids, who exercises regularly often do Kids, who exercises regularly often do better in school, sleep better, eat better and better in school, sleep better, eat better and are stronger than less-active kids. are stronger than less-active kids.

Not only exercise is fun, but it also Not only exercise is fun, but it also helps your mind, body and overall well-being. helps your mind, body and overall well-being. Kids, who exercises regularly often do Kids, who exercises regularly often do better in school, sleep better, eat better and better in school, sleep better, eat better and are stronger than less-active kids. are stronger than less-active kids.

WE NEED EXERCISEWE NEED EXERCISEWE NEED EXERCISEWE NEED EXERCISE

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Exercise can Exercise can also relieve stress and also relieve stress and improve your mood. It improve your mood. It helps us develop good helps us develop good posture. posture. PosturePosture is is the way when we the way when we stand, sit or walk.stand, sit or walk.

Exercise can Exercise can also relieve stress and also relieve stress and improve your mood. It improve your mood. It helps us develop good helps us develop good posture. posture. PosturePosture is is the way when we the way when we stand, sit or walk.stand, sit or walk.

When we exercise our heart and lungs When we exercise our heart and lungs

are also exercised. The heart beats faster are also exercised. The heart beats faster when we breathe deeply; the lungs get when we breathe deeply; the lungs get squeezed more. That is how the heart and squeezed more. That is how the heart and the lungs exercised. The heart needs to be the lungs exercised. The heart needs to be strong to pump the blood to the different strong to pump the blood to the different parts of the body, where it picks up wastes parts of the body, where it picks up wastes and carries them to the lungs.and carries them to the lungs.

When we exercise our heart and lungs When we exercise our heart and lungs are also exercised. The heart beats faster are also exercised. The heart beats faster when we breathe deeply; the lungs get when we breathe deeply; the lungs get squeezed more. That is how the heart and squeezed more. That is how the heart and the lungs exercised. The heart needs to be the lungs exercised. The heart needs to be strong to pump the blood to the different strong to pump the blood to the different parts of the body, where it picks up wastes parts of the body, where it picks up wastes and carries them to the lungs.and carries them to the lungs.

Some of these wastes are removed from the Some of these wastes are removed from the body through the air we breathe out. Other body through the air we breathe out. Other wastes are removed through wastes are removed through urineurine and and perspirationperspiration. .

SleepSleep and and exerciseexercise are really important are really important for us. But, not everyone likes to exercise. If for us. But, not everyone likes to exercise. If you’re one of those people, there are many you’re one of those people, there are many other ways to get your heart pumping that other ways to get your heart pumping that don’t require heading to a gym. Dancing and don’t require heading to a gym. Dancing and gardening are some of these ways to move.gardening are some of these ways to move.

Do the Activity 1-3. Together with your Do the Activity 1-3. Together with your teacher, do the physical activities written teacher, do the physical activities written then analyze yourself.then analyze yourself.

Some of these wastes are removed from the Some of these wastes are removed from the body through the air we breathe out. Other body through the air we breathe out. Other wastes are removed through wastes are removed through urineurine and and perspirationperspiration. .

SleepSleep and and exerciseexercise are really important are really important for us. But, not everyone likes to exercise. If for us. But, not everyone likes to exercise. If you’re one of those people, there are many you’re one of those people, there are many other ways to get your heart pumping that other ways to get your heart pumping that don’t require heading to a gym. Dancing and don’t require heading to a gym. Dancing and gardening are some of these ways to move.gardening are some of these ways to move.

Do the Activity 1-3. Together with your Do the Activity 1-3. Together with your teacher, do the physical activities written teacher, do the physical activities written then analyze yourself.then analyze yourself.

Think about this…Think about this…1. How important having an exercise everyday? 1. How important having an exercise everyday? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Think about this…Think about this…1. How important having an exercise everyday? 1. How important having an exercise everyday? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. How many hours do we need to have a good 2. How many hours do we need to have a good night sleep?night sleep?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. How many hours do we need to have a good 2. How many hours do we need to have a good night sleep?night sleep?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What happened to our body when we are lack of 3. What happened to our body when we are lack of sleep and exercise?sleep and exercise?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What happened to our body when we are lack of 3. What happened to our body when we are lack of sleep and exercise?sleep and exercise?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A A caloriecalorie is type of measurement is type of measurement that indicates how much energy we that indicates how much energy we get from food. Nutrition labels tell get from food. Nutrition labels tell you how many calories a food you how many calories a food contains.contains.OilsOils are not a food group, but we are not a food group, but we need some for good health. We can need some for good health. We can get oils from fish, nuts and liquid oils get oils from fish, nuts and liquid oils such as corn oil, soybean and canola such as corn oil, soybean and canola oil.oil.

A A caloriecalorie is type of measurement is type of measurement that indicates how much energy we that indicates how much energy we get from food. Nutrition labels tell get from food. Nutrition labels tell you how many calories a food you how many calories a food contains.contains.OilsOils are not a food group, but we are not a food group, but we need some for good health. We can need some for good health. We can get oils from fish, nuts and liquid oils get oils from fish, nuts and liquid oils such as corn oil, soybean and canola such as corn oil, soybean and canola oil.oil.

Did you know Did you know that…?that…?

Activity 1-2Activity 1-2Food GroupsFood Groups

Direction: Group the following food according to the nutrients Direction: Group the following food according to the nutrients they give in order for us to growthey give in order for us to grow..

Activity 1-2Activity 1-2Food GroupsFood Groups

Direction: Group the following food according to the nutrients Direction: Group the following food according to the nutrients they give in order for us to growthey give in order for us to grow..

Name: __________________ Date: ______________Name: __________________ Date: ______________Grade:___________________ Score: _____________Grade:___________________ Score: _____________Name: __________________ Date: ______________Name: __________________ Date: ______________Grade:___________________ Score: _____________Grade:___________________ Score: _____________

Vitamins,Vitamins, FatsFats Protein CarbohydratesProtein Carbohydrates Minerals and Minerals and

Fibers Fibers

BreadBread Peanuts Peanuts Milk Milk Rice Sugar Rice Sugar Pechay Pechay Noodles ButterNoodles Butter Carrots Eggs Banana Oranges Carrots Eggs Banana Oranges Fish Cheese Oatmeal Potato Cabbage Cookies Fish Cheese Oatmeal Potato Cabbage Cookies Chocolates Chicken Watermelon Chocolates Chicken Watermelon Dried beansDried beans Apple Meat Apple Meat

BreadBread Peanuts Peanuts Milk Milk Rice Sugar Rice Sugar Pechay Pechay Noodles ButterNoodles Butter Carrots Eggs Banana Oranges Carrots Eggs Banana Oranges Fish Cheese Oatmeal Potato Cabbage Cookies Fish Cheese Oatmeal Potato Cabbage Cookies Chocolates Chicken Watermelon Chocolates Chicken Watermelon Dried beansDried beans Apple Meat Apple Meat

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Name: _________________ Date: _______________Name: _________________ Date: _______________Grade:___________________ Score: ______________Grade:___________________ Score: ______________Name: _________________ Date: _______________Name: _________________ Date: _______________Grade:___________________ Score: ______________Grade:___________________ Score: ______________

Activity 1-3Activity 1-3Physical ActivityPhysical Activity

B. Direction: Look at your teacher, as she B. Direction: Look at your teacher, as she demonstrates the following physical activity and demonstrates the following physical activity and physical fitness. Form a group with 5 members. physical fitness. Form a group with 5 members.

Activity 1-3Activity 1-3Physical ActivityPhysical Activity

B. Direction: Look at your teacher, as she B. Direction: Look at your teacher, as she demonstrates the following physical activity and demonstrates the following physical activity and physical fitness. Form a group with 5 members. physical fitness. Form a group with 5 members.

1.1.Jumping JackJumping Jack2.2.SkippingSkipping3.3.Trunk RotationTrunk Rotation4.4.Head RotationHead Rotation5.5.WalkingWalking6.6.JoggingJogging7.7.StretchingStretching8.8.Feet ReachingFeet Reaching9.9.Chair Push-upChair Push-up10.10.BendingBending

1.1.Jumping JackJumping Jack2.2.SkippingSkipping3.3.Trunk RotationTrunk Rotation4.4.Head RotationHead Rotation5.5.WalkingWalking6.6.JoggingJogging7.7.StretchingStretching8.8.Feet ReachingFeet Reaching9.9.Chair Push-upChair Push-up10.10.BendingBending

C. Answer the following question.C. Answer the following question.

1.1.After doing an exercise, what have you After doing an exercise, what have you noticed to your body?noticed to your body?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.2.What substance appears to your body What substance appears to your body after doing an exercise?after doing an exercise?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C. Answer the following question.C. Answer the following question.

1.1.After doing an exercise, what have you After doing an exercise, what have you noticed to your body?noticed to your body?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.2.What substance appears to your body What substance appears to your body after doing an exercise?after doing an exercise?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 3Lesson 3How to Keep The Body HealthyHow to Keep The Body Healthy

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:must be able to:

Tell the importance of keeping our body Tell the importance of keeping our body healthyhealthyPractice on the proper caring and Practice on the proper caring and maintaining our healthy bodymaintaining our healthy body

Lesson 3Lesson 3How to Keep The Body HealthyHow to Keep The Body Healthy

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:must be able to:

Tell the importance of keeping our body Tell the importance of keeping our body healthyhealthyPractice on the proper caring and Practice on the proper caring and maintaining our healthy bodymaintaining our healthy body

Do you know how to keep your body Do you know how to keep your body healthy? There are many ways we can do to healthy? There are many ways we can do to stay healthy.stay healthy.

Do you know how to keep your body Do you know how to keep your body healthy? There are many ways we can do to healthy? There are many ways we can do to stay healthy.stay healthy.

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1.1. Eat a well balanced diet everyday. A well- Eat a well balanced diet everyday. A well- balanced diet includes fruits, vegetables, balanced diet includes fruits, vegetables, grains and meat, poultry and seafood, and grains and meat, poultry and seafood, and milks and milk products like cheese.milks and milk products like cheese.

1.1. Eat a well balanced diet everyday. A well- Eat a well balanced diet everyday. A well- balanced diet includes fruits, vegetables, balanced diet includes fruits, vegetables, grains and meat, poultry and seafood, and grains and meat, poultry and seafood, and milks and milk products like cheese.milks and milk products like cheese.

2. 2. Wash the hands before and Wash the hands before and after eating.after eating.3. 3. Wash the hands after using the Wash the hands after using the toilettoilet

2. 2. Wash the hands before and Wash the hands before and after eating.after eating.3. 3. Wash the hands after using the Wash the hands after using the toilettoilet

4.4.Brush the teeth at least three Brush the teeth at least three times a day.times a day.4.4.Brush the teeth at least three Brush the teeth at least three times a day.times a day.

5.5.Have enough rest and sleep Have enough rest and sleep to refresh the muscles.to refresh the muscles.5.5.Have enough rest and sleep Have enough rest and sleep to refresh the muscles.to refresh the muscles.

6.6.Protect the food from flies and other Protect the food from flies and other insects.insects.6.6.Protect the food from flies and other Protect the food from flies and other insects.insects.

7.7.Drink enough water and fruit Drink enough water and fruit juice. Drink only safe water.juice. Drink only safe water.7.7.Drink enough water and fruit Drink enough water and fruit juice. Drink only safe water.juice. Drink only safe water.

8.8.Do some physicalDo some physical8.8.Do some physicalDo some physical

9.9.Sleep under a mosquito net Sleep under a mosquito net and with windows open.and with windows open.9.9.Sleep under a mosquito net Sleep under a mosquito net and with windows open.and with windows open.

exercise. Play outdoors to get exercise. Play outdoors to get sunlight and fresh air.sunlight and fresh air.exercise. Play outdoors to get exercise. Play outdoors to get sunlight and fresh air.sunlight and fresh air.

10.Visit the doctor10.Visit the doctor10.Visit the doctor10.Visit the doctorand dentist at least once a and dentist at least once a year for a checkup.year for a checkup.and dentist at least once a and dentist at least once a year for a checkup.year for a checkup.

16.Wear clean clothes at all times.16.Wear clean clothes at all times.17.Take a bath everyday.17.Take a bath everyday.16.Wear clean clothes at all times.16.Wear clean clothes at all times.17.Take a bath everyday.17.Take a bath everyday.

11.11.Avoid getting near sick people. Avoid getting near sick people. Avoid getting physically to people Avoid getting physically to people who are sick with contagious who are sick with contagious diseases.diseases.

11.11.Avoid getting near sick people. Avoid getting near sick people. Avoid getting physically to people Avoid getting physically to people who are sick with contagious who are sick with contagious diseases.diseases.

13.Cover the garbage can. Dispose 13.Cover the garbage can. Dispose the garbage properly.the garbage properly.14.14.Wash thoroughly all foods eaten Wash thoroughly all foods eaten raw.raw.

13.Cover the garbage can. Dispose 13.Cover the garbage can. Dispose the garbage properly.the garbage properly.14.14.Wash thoroughly all foods eaten Wash thoroughly all foods eaten raw.raw.

15.15.Avoid putting things other than Avoid putting things other than foods and spoons or forks into foods and spoons or forks into your mouth.your mouth.

15.15.Avoid putting things other than Avoid putting things other than foods and spoons or forks into foods and spoons or forks into your mouth.your mouth.

12.12.Use your personal belongings; do not Use your personal belongings; do not borrow and use someone else’s things.borrow and use someone else’s things.12.12.Use your personal belongings; do not Use your personal belongings; do not borrow and use someone else’s things.borrow and use someone else’s things.

Think about this…Think about this…1.1.What is the importance of keeping our body What is the importance of keeping our body healthy?healthy?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Think about this…Think about this…1.1.What is the importance of keeping our body What is the importance of keeping our body healthy?healthy?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.2.Do all the given tips maintaining our body Do all the given tips maintaining our body healthy will really help us? Explain. healthy will really help us? Explain. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.2.Do all the given tips maintaining our body Do all the given tips maintaining our body healthy will really help us? Explain. healthy will really help us? Explain. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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TV IS BAD FOR OUR HEALTHTV IS BAD FOR OUR HEALTHA recent study showed that kids who A recent study showed that kids who watch a lot of TV are more likely to be watch a lot of TV are more likely to be overweight than those who do not. overweight than those who do not. Guess why?Guess why?Commercials! The junk foods that Commercials! The junk foods that are presented in commercials (by your are presented in commercials (by your favorite TV program) are so appealing favorite TV program) are so appealing that you just want to go out and get it! that you just want to go out and get it! Kids who watch a lot of TV are also Kids who watch a lot of TV are also likely to be getting less exerciselikely to be getting less exercise

TV IS BAD FOR OUR HEALTHTV IS BAD FOR OUR HEALTHA recent study showed that kids who A recent study showed that kids who watch a lot of TV are more likely to be watch a lot of TV are more likely to be overweight than those who do not. overweight than those who do not. Guess why?Guess why?Commercials! The junk foods that Commercials! The junk foods that are presented in commercials (by your are presented in commercials (by your favorite TV program) are so appealing favorite TV program) are so appealing that you just want to go out and get it! that you just want to go out and get it! Kids who watch a lot of TV are also Kids who watch a lot of TV are also likely to be getting less exerciselikely to be getting less exercise

Did you know Did you know that…?that…?

Activity 1-4Activity 1-4HEALTH IS WEALTHHEALTH IS WEALTH

A. Direction: Fill in the blanks with proper word A. Direction: Fill in the blanks with proper word according to the different ways in protecting our health.according to the different ways in protecting our health.

Activity 1-4Activity 1-4HEALTH IS WEALTHHEALTH IS WEALTH

A. Direction: Fill in the blanks with proper word A. Direction: Fill in the blanks with proper word according to the different ways in protecting our health.according to the different ways in protecting our health.

Name: _________________ Date:_______________Name: _________________ Date:_______________Grade:_________________Score: ______________Grade:_________________Score: ______________Name: _________________ Date:_______________Name: _________________ Date:_______________Grade:_________________Score: ______________Grade:_________________Score: ______________

1.1. Do not allow someone to ______________________.Do not allow someone to ______________________.2.2. Dispose ________________ properly.Dispose ________________ properly.3.3. The balance diet we are referring to are __________The balance diet we are referring to are __________4.4. Protect the food from _________ and ____________.Protect the food from _________ and ____________.5.5. Avoid getting near with _________ who has _______.Avoid getting near with _________ who has _______.6.6. Wash the hands _________ and __________ eating.Wash the hands _________ and __________ eating.7.7. Children must play outdoors to get ______ and _____.Children must play outdoors to get ______ and _____.8.8. ___________________ refresh our muscles.___________________ refresh our muscles.9.9. Drink ___________ and ________________.Drink ___________ and ________________.

10. See a doctor __________________ for checkup.10. See a doctor __________________ for checkup.

1.1. Do not allow someone to ______________________.Do not allow someone to ______________________.2.2. Dispose ________________ properly.Dispose ________________ properly.3.3. The balance diet we are referring to are __________The balance diet we are referring to are __________4.4. Protect the food from _________ and ____________.Protect the food from _________ and ____________.5.5. Avoid getting near with _________ who has _______.Avoid getting near with _________ who has _______.6.6. Wash the hands _________ and __________ eating.Wash the hands _________ and __________ eating.7.7. Children must play outdoors to get ______ and _____.Children must play outdoors to get ______ and _____.8.8. ___________________ refresh our muscles.___________________ refresh our muscles.9.9. Drink ___________ and ________________.Drink ___________ and ________________.

10. See a doctor __________________ for checkup.10. See a doctor __________________ for checkup.

B. Direction: Draw 10 different objects that helps B. Direction: Draw 10 different objects that helps us to keep our body healthy. us to keep our body healthy.

B. Direction: Draw 10 different objects that helps B. Direction: Draw 10 different objects that helps us to keep our body healthy. us to keep our body healthy.

AA..Word ScrambleWord Scramble Identify the scramble words from the text Identify the scramble words from the text

and write them on the line.and write them on the line.

______1.______1.CIXERESCIXERES - It helps us develop good - It helps us develop good posture.posture.

______2.______2.ODOF RYMIPADODOF RYMIPAD- designed to help - designed to help people with different lifestyles and people with different lifestyles and nutritional needs live healthier livesnutritional needs live healthier lives

______3.______3.TREOPUSTREOPUS - The way when we stand, - The way when we stand, sit or walk. sit or walk.

AA..Word ScrambleWord Scramble Identify the scramble words from the text Identify the scramble words from the text

and write them on the line.and write them on the line.

______1.______1.CIXERESCIXERES - It helps us develop good - It helps us develop good posture.posture.

______2.______2.ODOF RYMIPADODOF RYMIPAD- designed to help - designed to help people with different lifestyles and people with different lifestyles and nutritional needs live healthier livesnutritional needs live healthier lives

______3.______3.TREOPUSTREOPUS - The way when we stand, - The way when we stand, sit or walk. sit or walk.

______4.______4.LACEROILACEROI - Type of measurement - Type of measurement that indicates how much energy we get from that indicates how much energy we get from food.food.______5.______5.TREPOINTREPOIN- - It helps the body grow, It helps the body grow, builds muscle and gives us energybuilds muscle and gives us energy ______6.______6.TRESTRES - enables the blood to remove - enables the blood to remove the waste products from our muscles. the waste products from our muscles. ______7.______7.BOMENADBOMENAD - Houses and protects - Houses and protects the stomach, the small intestine, the large the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, the liver, the gallbladder and the intestine, the liver, the gallbladder and the other organother organ ______8.______8.TROPHICHETEOR TROPHICHETEOR - It means we - It means we rely on outside source for food. rely on outside source for food.

______4.______4.LACEROILACEROI - Type of measurement - Type of measurement that indicates how much energy we get from that indicates how much energy we get from food.food.______5.______5.TREPOINTREPOIN- - It helps the body grow, It helps the body grow, builds muscle and gives us energybuilds muscle and gives us energy ______6.______6.TRESTRES - enables the blood to remove - enables the blood to remove the waste products from our muscles. the waste products from our muscles. ______7.______7.BOMENADBOMENAD - Houses and protects - Houses and protects the stomach, the small intestine, the large the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, the liver, the gallbladder and the intestine, the liver, the gallbladder and the other organother organ ______8.______8.TROPHICHETEOR TROPHICHETEOR - It means we - It means we rely on outside source for food. rely on outside source for food.

______9.______9.ROWEL BLIMS ROWEL BLIMS - Enable the body to - Enable the body to stand straight and to move about from one stand straight and to move about from one place to anotherplace to another..______10.______10.LEEPS – LEEPS – The best way to rest our The best way to rest our body.body.______11.______11.NARIB –NARIB – When we sleep it is also When we sleep it is also rested.rested.

______12.______12.ESARHYDBORACT ESARHYDBORACT - The energy - The energy giving nutrients.giving nutrients.______13.______13.SCLEL – SCLEL – The unit of life. The unit of life.

______9.______9.ROWEL BLIMS ROWEL BLIMS - Enable the body to - Enable the body to stand straight and to move about from one stand straight and to move about from one place to anotherplace to another..______10.______10.LEEPS – LEEPS – The best way to rest our The best way to rest our body.body.______11.______11.NARIB –NARIB – When we sleep it is also When we sleep it is also rested.rested.

______12.______12.ESARHYDBORACT ESARHYDBORACT - The energy - The energy giving nutrients.giving nutrients.______13.______13.SCLEL – SCLEL – The unit of life. The unit of life. ______14.______14.RUINERUINE

______15.______15.PRESRIPANOITPRESRIPANOIT

______14.______14.RUINERUINE

______15.______15.PRESRIPANOITPRESRIPANOIT

Waste materialsWaste materialsremoved from removed from our bodyour body

Waste materialsWaste materialsremoved from removed from our bodyour body

______16.______16. HEALEPITLI SEUTIS - HEALEPITLI SEUTIS - It It includes the skin and the inner surfaces of includes the skin and the inner surfaces of the body.the body.

______17.______17.PALCS – PALCS – Skin of the headSkin of the head

______18.______18.VILLIVILLI – Walls of the small – Walls of the small intestine that are lined with fingerlike intestine that are lined with fingerlike projectionsprojections which help in absorbing the which help in absorbing the digested food.digested food.

______16.______16. HEALEPITLI SEUTIS - HEALEPITLI SEUTIS - It It includes the skin and the inner surfaces of includes the skin and the inner surfaces of the body.the body.

______17.______17.PALCS – PALCS – Skin of the headSkin of the head

______18.______18.VILLIVILLI – Walls of the small – Walls of the small intestine that are lined with fingerlike intestine that are lined with fingerlike projectionsprojections which help in absorbing the which help in absorbing the digested food.digested food.

B.True or FalseB.True or False Write True if the statement is true. If false Write True if the statement is true. If false

write correctly the underlined word/words on write correctly the underlined word/words on the space provided.the space provided.

______1.Play ______1.Play indoors indoors to get sunlight and fresh to get sunlight and fresh air.air.

______2.______2.Rest and sleepRest and sleep refresh our muscles. refresh our muscles.______3.When we exercise our heart and lungs ______3.When we exercise our heart and lungs

are not affectedare not affected..______4.The different kinds of tissues that are ______4.The different kinds of tissues that are

combined and arranged are called combined and arranged are called systemsystem..______ 5.The trunk is divided into ______ 5.The trunk is divided into chest and chest and abdomen.abdomen.

B.True or FalseB.True or False Write True if the statement is true. If false Write True if the statement is true. If false

write correctly the underlined word/words on write correctly the underlined word/words on the space provided.the space provided.

______1.Play ______1.Play indoors indoors to get sunlight and fresh to get sunlight and fresh air.air.

______2.______2.Rest and sleepRest and sleep refresh our muscles. refresh our muscles.______3.When we exercise our heart and lungs ______3.When we exercise our heart and lungs

are not affectedare not affected..______4.The different kinds of tissues that are ______4.The different kinds of tissues that are

combined and arranged are called combined and arranged are called systemsystem..______ 5.The trunk is divided into ______ 5.The trunk is divided into chest and chest and abdomen.abdomen.

______6.______6.We need to eat We need to eat well bawell balanced dietlanced diet everyday.everyday.______7.______7.Use the otherUse the other personal belongings. personal belongings.______8.Drink only ______8.Drink only 6 glasses of water6 glasses of water everyday. everyday. ______9.Peanuts are rich in ______9.Peanuts are rich in fats and proteinsfats and proteins..______10.______10.Brain is the important organ of our Brain is the important organ of our body that was body that was protectedprotected by the skullby the skull..

______6.______6.We need to eat We need to eat well bawell balanced dietlanced diet everyday.everyday.______7.______7.Use the otherUse the other personal belongings. personal belongings.______8.Drink only ______8.Drink only 6 glasses of water6 glasses of water everyday. everyday. ______9.Peanuts are rich in ______9.Peanuts are rich in fats and proteinsfats and proteins..______10.______10.Brain is the important organ of our Brain is the important organ of our body that was body that was protectedprotected by the skullby the skull..

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C. Interactive ActivityC. Interactive ActivityForm into three groups. Make a poster Form into three groups. Make a poster

about maintaining a healthy body. about maintaining a healthy body.

C. Interactive ActivityC. Interactive ActivityForm into three groups. Make a poster Form into three groups. Make a poster

about maintaining a healthy body. about maintaining a healthy body.

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MODULE 2MODULE 2 THE BODY SYSTEMS THE BODY SYSTEMS MODULE 2MODULE 2 THE BODY SYSTEMS THE BODY SYSTEMS

There are several body systems that each carry There are several body systems that each carry out an important and very complicated task. These out an important and very complicated task. These body systems depend on each other. body systems depend on each other.

Where would our brain be without blood? Where would our brain be without blood? Where would our muscles be without oxygen? Where would our muscles be without oxygen?

How could we feel anything without nerves? How could we feel anything without nerves? Can we stand without bones?Can we stand without bones?

How the food we eat does works throughout the How the food we eat does works throughout the body? Who is our friend that protects us from any body? Who is our friend that protects us from any diseases? How many bones and muscles do we diseases? How many bones and muscles do we have? have?

How many nerve cells do our brain has about?How many nerve cells do our brain has about?

There are several body systems that each carry There are several body systems that each carry out an important and very complicated task. These out an important and very complicated task. These body systems depend on each other. body systems depend on each other.

Where would our brain be without blood? Where would our brain be without blood? Where would our muscles be without oxygen? Where would our muscles be without oxygen?

How could we feel anything without nerves? How could we feel anything without nerves? Can we stand without bones?Can we stand without bones?

How the food we eat does works throughout the How the food we eat does works throughout the body? Who is our friend that protects us from any body? Who is our friend that protects us from any diseases? How many bones and muscles do we diseases? How many bones and muscles do we have? have?

How many nerve cells do our brain has about?How many nerve cells do our brain has about?

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This module will answer all those This module will answer all those questions above. It will discuss the different questions above. It will discuss the different functions of the Nervous, the Skeletal, the functions of the Nervous, the Skeletal, the Muscular, the Circulatory, the Respiratory, Muscular, the Circulatory, the Respiratory, and the Digestive Systems .We will discover and the Digestive Systems .We will discover that no one of the body system can function that no one of the body system can function without the help from the others. without the help from the others.

This module will answer all those This module will answer all those questions above. It will discuss the different questions above. It will discuss the different functions of the Nervous, the Skeletal, the functions of the Nervous, the Skeletal, the Muscular, the Circulatory, the Respiratory, Muscular, the Circulatory, the Respiratory, and the Digestive Systems .We will discover and the Digestive Systems .We will discover that no one of the body system can function that no one of the body system can function without the help from the others. without the help from the others.

Those systems have important organs Those systems have important organs that complete the functions to our body. You that complete the functions to our body. You will discover the other information about the will discover the other information about the heart, the lungs, the stomach, the liver, the heart, the lungs, the stomach, the liver, the blood and the brain.blood and the brain.

Those systems have important organs Those systems have important organs that complete the functions to our body. You that complete the functions to our body. You will discover the other information about the will discover the other information about the heart, the lungs, the stomach, the liver, the heart, the lungs, the stomach, the liver, the blood and the brain.blood and the brain.

Lesson 4Lesson 4 The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal System

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student must At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:be able to:Identify the different parts of the skeletal Identify the different parts of the skeletal systemsystemDifferentiate the parts of the skeletal systemDifferentiate the parts of the skeletal systemAppreciate the importance of this systems to Appreciate the importance of this systems to us as humanus as humanPractice on the proper caring of our skeletal Practice on the proper caring of our skeletal systemsystem

Lesson 4Lesson 4 The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal System

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student must At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:be able to:Identify the different parts of the skeletal Identify the different parts of the skeletal systemsystemDifferentiate the parts of the skeletal systemDifferentiate the parts of the skeletal systemAppreciate the importance of this systems to Appreciate the importance of this systems to us as humanus as humanPractice on the proper caring of our skeletal Practice on the proper caring of our skeletal systemsystem

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The The skeletonskeleton is the is the framework that supports the framework that supports the body and gives it shape. body and gives it shape. Without the skeleton, we Without the skeleton, we would not have definite would not have definite shape!shape!

The The skeletonskeleton is the is the framework that supports the framework that supports the body and gives it shape. body and gives it shape. Without the skeleton, we Without the skeleton, we would not have definite would not have definite shape!shape!

There are There are 206 bones206 bones in in the human body. Some the human body. Some bones, like the thighbone bones, like the thighbone (the bone in the top part of (the bone in the top part of the leg), are big. Others like the leg), are big. Others like the the stapesstapes (a bone in the (a bone in the middle ear)middle ear) are tiny. Each are tiny. Each bone has specific job to do. bone has specific job to do.

There are There are 206 bones206 bones in in the human body. Some the human body. Some bones, like the thighbone bones, like the thighbone (the bone in the top part of (the bone in the top part of the leg), are big. Others like the leg), are big. Others like the the stapesstapes (a bone in the (a bone in the middle ear)middle ear) are tiny. Each are tiny. Each bone has specific job to do. bone has specific job to do.

The The backbone, or spine,backbone, or spine, holds the holds the body upright. The spine is made of 26 body upright. The spine is made of 26 bones called bones called vertebraevertebrae that are stacked on that are stacked on top of the other. Nerves inside the vertebrae top of the other. Nerves inside the vertebrae carry messages to and from the brain and carry messages to and from the brain and other parts of the body.other parts of the body.

The The backbone, or spine,backbone, or spine, holds the holds the body upright. The spine is made of 26 body upright. The spine is made of 26 bones called bones called vertebraevertebrae that are stacked on that are stacked on top of the other. Nerves inside the vertebrae top of the other. Nerves inside the vertebrae carry messages to and from the brain and carry messages to and from the brain and other parts of the body.other parts of the body.

Bones also protect the Bones also protect the organsorgans inside. inside. The The ribs ribs surround and protect the lungs and surround and protect the lungs and the heart. The the heart. The stomachstomach and other organs and other organs are located above the are located above the pelvispelvis. The skull . The skull protects the protects the brainbrain

Bones also protect the Bones also protect the organsorgans inside. inside. The The ribs ribs surround and protect the lungs and surround and protect the lungs and the heart. The the heart. The stomachstomach and other organs and other organs are located above the are located above the pelvispelvis. The skull . The skull protects the protects the brainbrain

The SkullThe SkullThe SkullThe SkullThe SKULL IS THICK The SKULL IS THICK

AND HARD.AND HARD. Its job is to Its job is to protect the brain. The skull protect the brain. The skull protects other organs too. protects other organs too. The skull protects all the eyes, The skull protects all the eyes, inner ears, and the inside of inner ears, and the inside of the nose. The the nose. The jawjaw makes up makes up the bottom part of the skull. the bottom part of the skull. The upper jaw can’t move, not The upper jaw can’t move, not thethe

The SKULL IS THICK The SKULL IS THICK AND HARD.AND HARD. Its job is to Its job is to protect the brain. The skull protect the brain. The skull protects other organs too. protects other organs too. The skull protects all the eyes, The skull protects all the eyes, inner ears, and the inside of inner ears, and the inside of the nose. The the nose. The jawjaw makes up makes up the bottom part of the skull. the bottom part of the skull. The upper jaw can’t move, not The upper jaw can’t move, not thethe

lower jaw can. lower jaw can. This allows people to chew and talkThis allows people to chew and talk. . Twenty-two Twenty-two bones make up the skull. A baby has more bones make up the skull. A baby has more bones in its skull than an adult. A baby’s skull is bones in its skull than an adult. A baby’s skull is softer than an adult’s too. As the baby grows, softer than an adult’s too. As the baby grows, the skull bones get harder and fuse together.the skull bones get harder and fuse together.

lower jaw can. lower jaw can. This allows people to chew and talkThis allows people to chew and talk. . Twenty-two Twenty-two bones make up the skull. A baby has more bones make up the skull. A baby has more bones in its skull than an adult. A baby’s skull is bones in its skull than an adult. A baby’s skull is softer than an adult’s too. As the baby grows, softer than an adult’s too. As the baby grows, the skull bones get harder and fuse together.the skull bones get harder and fuse together.

As you have read the facts about the As you have read the facts about the skull, how important what could be happened skull, how important what could be happened to us when this bone become fractured?to us when this bone become fractured?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.______________________________________.

As you have read the facts about the As you have read the facts about the skull, how important what could be happened skull, how important what could be happened to us when this bone become fractured?to us when this bone become fractured?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.______________________________________.

Figure 2-3Types of Joints in the

Human Body

Figure 2-3Types of Joints in the

Human Body

The Bones and the JointsThe Bones and the Joints

Bones are linked Bones are linked together at joints. The together at joints. The joint provides a flexible joint provides a flexible connection between the connection between the bones.bones.

Our body has Our body has different kinds of joints. different kinds of joints. Some of the body’s joints Some of the body’s joints are the hips, shoulders, are the hips, shoulders, ankles, elbows, wrists, ankles, elbows, wrists, and knees. There are also and knees. There are also joints in the fingers and joints in the fingers and toes.toes.

Bones are linked Bones are linked together at joints. The together at joints. The joint provides a flexible joint provides a flexible connection between the connection between the bones.bones.

Our body has Our body has different kinds of joints. different kinds of joints. Some of the body’s joints Some of the body’s joints are the hips, shoulders, are the hips, shoulders, ankles, elbows, wrists, ankles, elbows, wrists, and knees. There are also and knees. There are also joints in the fingers and joints in the fingers and toes.toes.

The hip is a The hip is a ball-and-socket jointball-and-socket joint. The . The rounded end of the thighbone fits into a cup-rounded end of the thighbone fits into a cup-shaped socket on the hip. This allows the shaped socket on the hip. This allows the joint to move around in a circle. It can make joint to move around in a circle. It can make up and down too. The up and down too. The shoulder jointshoulder joint also also allows to move the arm in a circulatory allows to move the arm in a circulatory motion, like showerhead.motion, like showerhead.

The knees and wrists are The knees and wrists are hinge jointshinge joints, , which work like door hinges. These joints which work like door hinges. These joints are not as flexible as ball-and-socket joints. are not as flexible as ball-and-socket joints. Most of the movement of hinge joints is up Most of the movement of hinge joints is up and down or side to side. The joints in the and down or side to side. The joints in the neck allow the bones to pivot so we can turn neck allow the bones to pivot so we can turn our head.our head.

The hip is a The hip is a ball-and-socket jointball-and-socket joint. The . The rounded end of the thighbone fits into a cup-rounded end of the thighbone fits into a cup-shaped socket on the hip. This allows the shaped socket on the hip. This allows the joint to move around in a circle. It can make joint to move around in a circle. It can make up and down too. The up and down too. The shoulder jointshoulder joint also also allows to move the arm in a circulatory allows to move the arm in a circulatory motion, like showerhead.motion, like showerhead.

The knees and wrists are The knees and wrists are hinge jointshinge joints, , which work like door hinges. These joints which work like door hinges. These joints are not as flexible as ball-and-socket joints. are not as flexible as ball-and-socket joints. Most of the movement of hinge joints is up Most of the movement of hinge joints is up and down or side to side. The joints in the and down or side to side. The joints in the neck allow the bones to pivot so we can turn neck allow the bones to pivot so we can turn our head.our head.

Look at Figure 2-3. Describe the Look at Figure 2-3. Describe the importance of joints to each part of our body.importance of joints to each part of our body.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Look at Figure 2-3. Describe the Look at Figure 2-3. Describe the importance of joints to each part of our body.importance of joints to each part of our body.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Ligaments and Cartilage

JointsJoints could not work without special could not work without special body parts called body parts called ligaments and cartilage.ligaments and cartilage. LigamentsLigaments hold the bones together. They hold the bones together. They also keep them in place inside the joint. also keep them in place inside the joint. CartilageCartilage covers the end of the bones. It covers the end of the bones. It keeps the bones from rubbing together and keeps the bones from rubbing together and helps the joints move smoothly.helps the joints move smoothly.

CartilageCartilage is lighter and stretcher than is lighter and stretcher than bones. Cartilage is not just found inside bones. Cartilage is not just found inside joints. It is also found between the vertebrae joints. It is also found between the vertebrae in our spine. The soft parts of our nose and in our spine. The soft parts of our nose and ears are also made up of cartilageears are also made up of cartilage

The Ligaments and Cartilage

JointsJoints could not work without special could not work without special body parts called body parts called ligaments and cartilage.ligaments and cartilage. LigamentsLigaments hold the bones together. They hold the bones together. They also keep them in place inside the joint. also keep them in place inside the joint. CartilageCartilage covers the end of the bones. It covers the end of the bones. It keeps the bones from rubbing together and keeps the bones from rubbing together and helps the joints move smoothly.helps the joints move smoothly.

CartilageCartilage is lighter and stretcher than is lighter and stretcher than bones. Cartilage is not just found inside bones. Cartilage is not just found inside joints. It is also found between the vertebrae joints. It is also found between the vertebrae in our spine. The soft parts of our nose and in our spine. The soft parts of our nose and ears are also made up of cartilageears are also made up of cartilage

According to the statement above, According to the statement above, joints, ligaments and cartilage work joints, ligaments and cartilage work together, what do you think would happen together, what do you think would happen when one of these does not exist in your when one of these does not exist in your body?body?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

According to the statement above, According to the statement above, joints, ligaments and cartilage work joints, ligaments and cartilage work together, what do you think would happen together, what do you think would happen when one of these does not exist in your when one of these does not exist in your body?body?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Name: ______________ Date: _______________ Grade:_______________ Score:______________Name: ______________ Date: _______________ Grade:_______________ Score:______________

Activity 1-1Activity 1-1

Direction: Find the 10 different parts of the Direction: Find the 10 different parts of the skeleton in this picture.skeleton in this picture.

Activity 1-1Activity 1-1

Direction: Find the 10 different parts of the Direction: Find the 10 different parts of the skeleton in this picture.skeleton in this picture.

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Lesson 5Lesson 5The Muscular SystemThe Muscular System

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:At the end of the lesson the student At the end of the lesson the student

must be able to:must be able to:Identify the different parts of the muscular Identify the different parts of the muscular systemsystemDifferentiate the parts of the muscular Differentiate the parts of the muscular systemsystemAppreciate the importance of this system Appreciate the importance of this system to us as humanto us as humanPractice on the proper caring of our Practice on the proper caring of our muscular system muscular system

Lesson 5Lesson 5The Muscular SystemThe Muscular System

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:At the end of the lesson the student At the end of the lesson the student

must be able to:must be able to:Identify the different parts of the muscular Identify the different parts of the muscular systemsystemDifferentiate the parts of the muscular Differentiate the parts of the muscular systemsystemAppreciate the importance of this system Appreciate the importance of this system to us as humanto us as humanPractice on the proper caring of our Practice on the proper caring of our muscular system muscular system

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Bones are hard and stiff. If our Bones are hard and stiff. If our body were only made up of bones, body were only made up of bones, we would not be able to walk, run, we would not be able to walk, run, wave, or even sit down.wave, or even sit down.

Muscles are the part of our Muscles are the part of our body that allows us to move. They body that allows us to move. They are made up of special tissues that are made up of special tissues that can contract, or shorten, when they can contract, or shorten, when they receive a signal from the brain. The receive a signal from the brain. The muscles are attached to bones by muscles are attached to bones by stretchy tissues called stretchy tissues called tendonstendons. . When the muscles contract, they pull When the muscles contract, they pull on the tendons, which pull on the on the tendons, which pull on the bones and cause our limbs to move. bones and cause our limbs to move.

Bones are hard and stiff. If our Bones are hard and stiff. If our body were only made up of bones, body were only made up of bones, we would not be able to walk, run, we would not be able to walk, run, wave, or even sit down.wave, or even sit down.

Muscles are the part of our Muscles are the part of our body that allows us to move. They body that allows us to move. They are made up of special tissues that are made up of special tissues that can contract, or shorten, when they can contract, or shorten, when they receive a signal from the brain. The receive a signal from the brain. The muscles are attached to bones by muscles are attached to bones by stretchy tissues called stretchy tissues called tendonstendons. . When the muscles contract, they pull When the muscles contract, they pull on the tendons, which pull on the on the tendons, which pull on the bones and cause our limbs to move. bones and cause our limbs to move. Muscles are also attached to other muscles. Muscles are also attached to other muscles.

Muscles don’t just move bones. They move every Muscles don’t just move bones. They move every part of our body. The heart is a muscle that pumps blood part of our body. The heart is a muscle that pumps blood through our bodythrough our body

Muscles are also attached to other muscles. Muscles are also attached to other muscles. Muscles don’t just move bones. They move every Muscles don’t just move bones. They move every

part of our body. The heart is a muscle that pumps blood part of our body. The heart is a muscle that pumps blood through our bodythrough our body

There are three kinds of There are three kinds of muscles. Skeletal muscle muscles. Skeletal muscle moves the bones. This kind of moves the bones. This kind of muscle is also called as a muscle is also called as a voluntary musclevoluntary muscle. That’s . That’s because we control its because we control its movement.movement.

There are three kinds of There are three kinds of muscles. Skeletal muscle muscles. Skeletal muscle moves the bones. This kind of moves the bones. This kind of muscle is also called as a muscle is also called as a voluntary musclevoluntary muscle. That’s . That’s because we control its because we control its movement.movement.

The Three Kinds of MusclesThe Three Kinds of MusclesThe Three Kinds of MusclesThe Three Kinds of Muscles

The second kind of muscle The second kind of muscle is smooth muscle or is smooth muscle or involuntary involuntary musclemuscle.. These muscles move These muscles move without thinking about it. They without thinking about it. They are found deep inside the body. are found deep inside the body. The stomach and liver muscles The stomach and liver muscles are involuntary muscles. are involuntary muscles.

The second kind of muscle The second kind of muscle is smooth muscle or is smooth muscle or involuntary involuntary musclemuscle.. These muscles move These muscles move without thinking about it. They without thinking about it. They are found deep inside the body. are found deep inside the body. The stomach and liver muscles The stomach and liver muscles are involuntary muscles. are involuntary muscles.

Cardiac MusclesCardiac Muscles are the are the third kind of muscle in the human third kind of muscle in the human body. It is found only in one body. It is found only in one place – the heart. Cardiac place – the heart. Cardiac muscle works very hard to keep muscle works very hard to keep our heart beating all through our our heart beating all through our life.life.

Cardiac MusclesCardiac Muscles are the are the third kind of muscle in the human third kind of muscle in the human body. It is found only in one body. It is found only in one place – the heart. Cardiac place – the heart. Cardiac muscle works very hard to keep muscle works very hard to keep our heart beating all through our our heart beating all through our life.life.

Muscles and skeletons are the two Muscles and skeletons are the two systems worked to each other. Do all muscles systems worked to each other. Do all muscles have bones? What is the role of the skeleton to have bones? What is the role of the skeleton to those muscles which do not have bones?those muscles which do not have bones?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Muscles and skeletons are the two Muscles and skeletons are the two systems worked to each other. Do all muscles systems worked to each other. Do all muscles have bones? What is the role of the skeleton to have bones? What is the role of the skeleton to those muscles which do not have bones?those muscles which do not have bones?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Did you know Did you know that…?that…?SMILINGSMILING uses about uses about thirty facial muscles.thirty facial muscles.The human body has The human body has more than 650 musclesmore than 650 muscles

Name: ________________ Date. ____________Name: ________________ Date. ____________Grade:________________ Score: ___________Grade:________________ Score: ___________Name: ________________ Date. ____________Name: ________________ Date. ____________Grade:________________ Score: ___________Grade:________________ Score: ___________

Activity 2-2Activity 2-2MUSCLES WORKOUT!MUSCLES WORKOUT!

Activity 2-2Activity 2-2MUSCLES WORKOUT!MUSCLES WORKOUT!

A. Direction: Identify the following.A. Direction: Identify the following.1._________________1._________________ these muscles move these muscles move without you thinking about it. They are found without you thinking about it. They are found deep inside the body.deep inside the body.2._________________ is the third kind of muscle 2._________________ is the third kind of muscle in the human body. It is found only in one place – in the human body. It is found only in one place – the heart. the heart. 3._________________ is the part of our body that 3._________________ is the part of our body that allows us to move. allows us to move. 4._________________ the muscles are attached to 4._________________ the muscles are attached to bones by stretchy tissues.bones by stretchy tissues.5._________________ is hard and stiff.5._________________ is hard and stiff.

A. Direction: Identify the following.A. Direction: Identify the following.1._________________1._________________ these muscles move these muscles move without you thinking about it. They are found without you thinking about it. They are found deep inside the body.deep inside the body.2._________________ is the third kind of muscle 2._________________ is the third kind of muscle in the human body. It is found only in one place – in the human body. It is found only in one place – the heart. the heart. 3._________________ is the part of our body that 3._________________ is the part of our body that allows us to move. allows us to move. 4._________________ the muscles are attached to 4._________________ the muscles are attached to bones by stretchy tissues.bones by stretchy tissues.5._________________ is hard and stiff.5._________________ is hard and stiff.

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B. Direction: Give the three kinds of muscles B. Direction: Give the three kinds of muscles and give their functions.and give their functions.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B. Direction: Give the three kinds of muscles B. Direction: Give the three kinds of muscles and give their functions.and give their functions.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 6Lesson 6The Nervous SystemThe Nervous System

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:must be able to:

Identify the different parts of the Identify the different parts of the nervous systemnervous systemDifferentiate the parts of the nervous Differentiate the parts of the nervous systemsystemAppreciate the importance of this Appreciate the importance of this system to us as humansystem to us as humanPractice on the proper caring of our Practice on the proper caring of our nervous systemnervous system

Lesson 6Lesson 6The Nervous SystemThe Nervous System

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:must be able to:

Identify the different parts of the Identify the different parts of the nervous systemnervous systemDifferentiate the parts of the nervous Differentiate the parts of the nervous systemsystemAppreciate the importance of this Appreciate the importance of this system to us as humansystem to us as humanPractice on the proper caring of our Practice on the proper caring of our nervous systemnervous system

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When we play, how When we play, how many activities are we many activities are we doing at the same time? doing at the same time? How many senses do we How many senses do we use?use?

We listen to the We listen to the music. We dance and sing. music. We dance and sing. We touch and hold our We touch and hold our partner.partner.

What part of our body What part of our body controls all our actions? controls all our actions? Look at the Figure 2-8. Look at the Figure 2-8. What is a nervous system?What is a nervous system?

When we play, how When we play, how many activities are we many activities are we doing at the same time? doing at the same time? How many senses do we How many senses do we use?use?

We listen to the We listen to the music. We dance and sing. music. We dance and sing. We touch and hold our We touch and hold our partner.partner.

What part of our body What part of our body controls all our actions? controls all our actions? Look at the Figure 2-8. Look at the Figure 2-8. What is a nervous system?What is a nervous system?

The The nervous systemnervous system is like the is like the body’s telephone network, allowing all body’s telephone network, allowing all parts of the body to communicate with parts of the body to communicate with each other. It is the control center for the each other. It is the control center for the entire body. It is made up of entire body. It is made up of brain, spinal brain, spinal cord and a huge network of nervescord and a huge network of nerves. . Nerves carry messages from the brain to Nerves carry messages from the brain to all parts of the body and from the body all parts of the body and from the body back to the brain. back to the brain.

The The nervous systemnervous system is like the is like the body’s telephone network, allowing all body’s telephone network, allowing all parts of the body to communicate with parts of the body to communicate with each other. It is the control center for the each other. It is the control center for the entire body. It is made up of entire body. It is made up of brain, spinal brain, spinal cord and a huge network of nervescord and a huge network of nerves. . Nerves carry messages from the brain to Nerves carry messages from the brain to all parts of the body and from the body all parts of the body and from the body back to the brain. back to the brain.

Parts of the Nervous SystemParts of the Nervous SystemParts of the Nervous SystemParts of the Nervous System

If we touch a hot stove, nerves in our If we touch a hot stove, nerves in our fingers send a message to our brain that we have touched fingers send a message to our brain that we have touched something hot and painful. Then our brain sends another something hot and painful. Then our brain sends another message to our hand to move away so we won’t get a bad message to our hand to move away so we won’t get a bad burn. These messages go back and forth in less than a burn. These messages go back and forth in less than a second. second.

If we touch a hot stove, nerves in our If we touch a hot stove, nerves in our fingers send a message to our brain that we have touched fingers send a message to our brain that we have touched something hot and painful. Then our brain sends another something hot and painful. Then our brain sends another message to our hand to move away so we won’t get a bad message to our hand to move away so we won’t get a bad burn. These messages go back and forth in less than a burn. These messages go back and forth in less than a second. second. Nerve cells in the spinal cord carry chemical Nerve cells in the spinal cord carry chemical messages back and forth from the brain to the rest of the messages back and forth from the brain to the rest of the body. The brain uses information it receives from nerves body. The brain uses information it receives from nerves to coordinate all of your actions and reactions.to coordinate all of your actions and reactions.

Nerve cells in the spinal cord carry chemical Nerve cells in the spinal cord carry chemical messages back and forth from the brain to the rest of the messages back and forth from the brain to the rest of the body. The brain uses information it receives from nerves body. The brain uses information it receives from nerves to coordinate all of your actions and reactions.to coordinate all of your actions and reactions. For more For more

information about the brain, information about the brain, Click

The nervous system The nervous system has two parts. The brain and has two parts. The brain and the spinal cord are called the the spinal cord are called the central nervous systemcentral nervous system. The . The rest of the body’s nerves are rest of the body’s nerves are part of the part of the peripheral peripheral nervous system.nervous system. The The peripheral nervous system peripheral nervous system has two kinds of nerves. has two kinds of nerves. Sensory nerves tell the brain Sensory nerves tell the brain how things look, sound, feel, how things look, sound, feel, taste, or smell. Motor nerves taste, or smell. Motor nerves send signals from the brain send signals from the brain to the muscles, telling them to the muscles, telling them to move. to move.

The nervous system The nervous system has two parts. The brain and has two parts. The brain and the spinal cord are called the the spinal cord are called the central nervous systemcentral nervous system. The . The rest of the body’s nerves are rest of the body’s nerves are part of the part of the peripheral peripheral nervous system.nervous system. The The peripheral nervous system peripheral nervous system has two kinds of nerves. has two kinds of nerves. Sensory nerves tell the brain Sensory nerves tell the brain how things look, sound, feel, how things look, sound, feel, taste, or smell. Motor nerves taste, or smell. Motor nerves send signals from the brain send signals from the brain to the muscles, telling them to the muscles, telling them to move. to move.

Looking Back…Looking Back…1.1. What are the parts of the nervous What are the parts of the nervous system?______________________________system?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.2. What are the works of the brain, What are the works of the brain, nerves and spinal cord? nerves and spinal cord? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Looking Back…Looking Back…1.1. What are the parts of the nervous What are the parts of the nervous system?______________________________system?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.2. What are the works of the brain, What are the works of the brain, nerves and spinal cord? nerves and spinal cord? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Proper Care of the Nervous SystemProper Care of the Nervous System

The brain and the spinal cord are soft The brain and the spinal cord are soft tissues, which can easily be injured. The tissues, which can easily be injured. The skull protects the brain. To protect the brain, skull protects the brain. To protect the brain, avoid any fall accident that can injure it.avoid any fall accident that can injure it.

The spinal cord is also a very delicate The spinal cord is also a very delicate part of the body. It is inside the backbone. part of the body. It is inside the backbone. The spinal cord bends and moves along with The spinal cord bends and moves along with the backbone. If the spinal cord bends and the backbone. If the spinal cord bends and the messages cannot go to and from the the messages cannot go to and from the brain, then we would not be able to move or brain, then we would not be able to move or feel any part of our body below the cut.feel any part of our body below the cut.

Proper Care of the Nervous SystemProper Care of the Nervous System

The brain and the spinal cord are soft The brain and the spinal cord are soft tissues, which can easily be injured. The tissues, which can easily be injured. The skull protects the brain. To protect the brain, skull protects the brain. To protect the brain, avoid any fall accident that can injure it.avoid any fall accident that can injure it.

The spinal cord is also a very delicate The spinal cord is also a very delicate part of the body. It is inside the backbone. part of the body. It is inside the backbone. The spinal cord bends and moves along with The spinal cord bends and moves along with the backbone. If the spinal cord bends and the backbone. If the spinal cord bends and the messages cannot go to and from the the messages cannot go to and from the brain, then we would not be able to move or brain, then we would not be able to move or feel any part of our body below the cut.feel any part of our body below the cut.

Taking care of our nervous system is very Taking care of our nervous system is very important. Here are some tips.important. Here are some tips.

Eat foods rich in Vitamin B such as Eat foods rich in Vitamin B such as beans, peas, mongo, and vegetables. beans, peas, mongo, and vegetables. Observe safety to avoid falls and accidents. Observe safety to avoid falls and accidents. Refrain from taking coffee, tobacco, alcoholic drinks, Refrain from taking coffee, tobacco, alcoholic drinks, and some drugs. and some drugs. Take drugs and medicine only upon doctor’s Take drugs and medicine only upon doctor’s advice. advice. Have wise use of leisure timeHave wise use of leisure time

Taking care of our nervous system is very Taking care of our nervous system is very important. Here are some tips.important. Here are some tips.

Eat foods rich in Vitamin B such as Eat foods rich in Vitamin B such as beans, peas, mongo, and vegetables. beans, peas, mongo, and vegetables. Observe safety to avoid falls and accidents. Observe safety to avoid falls and accidents. Refrain from taking coffee, tobacco, alcoholic drinks, Refrain from taking coffee, tobacco, alcoholic drinks, and some drugs. and some drugs. Take drugs and medicine only upon doctor’s Take drugs and medicine only upon doctor’s advice. advice. Have wise use of leisure timeHave wise use of leisure time

After you have read the above information, why After you have read the above information, why do we have to avoid fall accident? What do we do we have to avoid fall accident? What do we protected?protected?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

After you have read the above information, why After you have read the above information, why do we have to avoid fall accident? What do we do we have to avoid fall accident? What do we protected?protected?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

First Aid TreatmentFirst Aid TreatmentHead injuries can result Head injuries can result

brain damage. Why? If there is brain damage. Why? If there is fracture in the skull, the brain will fracture in the skull, the brain will be damaged. A fracture is a be damaged. A fracture is a broken bone. Head injuries can be broken bone. Head injuries can be happened through vehicular happened through vehicular accidents, falls and violence.accidents, falls and violence.

First Aid TreatmentFirst Aid TreatmentHead injuries can result Head injuries can result

brain damage. Why? If there is brain damage. Why? If there is fracture in the skull, the brain will fracture in the skull, the brain will be damaged. A fracture is a be damaged. A fracture is a broken bone. Head injuries can be broken bone. Head injuries can be happened through vehicular happened through vehicular accidents, falls and violence.accidents, falls and violence.

Some signs of brain injury are drowsiness, Some signs of brain injury are drowsiness, loss of consciousness, severe headache, nausea, loss of consciousness, severe headache, nausea, and vomiting. If the skull is broken there is and vomiting. If the skull is broken there is bleeding from the nose, ears or mouth.bleeding from the nose, ears or mouth. In case of In case of head injury, keep the victim lying down. Cover the head injury, keep the victim lying down. Cover the body with blankets. Do not give him alcoholic drink, body with blankets. Do not give him alcoholic drink, stimulant or pain reliever. Call a physician at once stimulant or pain reliever. Call a physician at once and bring him to a hospitaland bring him to a hospital

Some signs of brain injury are drowsiness, Some signs of brain injury are drowsiness, loss of consciousness, severe headache, nausea, loss of consciousness, severe headache, nausea, and vomiting. If the skull is broken there is and vomiting. If the skull is broken there is bleeding from the nose, ears or mouth.bleeding from the nose, ears or mouth. In case of In case of head injury, keep the victim lying down. Cover the head injury, keep the victim lying down. Cover the body with blankets. Do not give him alcoholic drink, body with blankets. Do not give him alcoholic drink, stimulant or pain reliever. Call a physician at once stimulant or pain reliever. Call a physician at once and bring him to a hospitaland bring him to a hospital

During accidents, the During accidents, the backbone and the bone of the backbone and the bone of the neck might be broken and the neck might be broken and the spinal cord might be injured. spinal cord might be injured. Injury in the spinal cord may Injury in the spinal cord may paralyze the victim’s legs. In paralyze the victim’s legs. In case of backbone and neck case of backbone and neck injuries, do not move the victim injuries, do not move the victim unless very necessary. Apply unless very necessary. Apply an ice bag or cold cloth to the an ice bag or cold cloth to the injured area to relieve pain. injured area to relieve pain. Apply splints and supports to Apply splints and supports to avoid too much movement of avoid too much movement of the injured parts. Bring the the injured parts. Bring the patient to a hospital.patient to a hospital.

During accidents, the During accidents, the backbone and the bone of the backbone and the bone of the neck might be broken and the neck might be broken and the spinal cord might be injured. spinal cord might be injured. Injury in the spinal cord may Injury in the spinal cord may paralyze the victim’s legs. In paralyze the victim’s legs. In case of backbone and neck case of backbone and neck injuries, do not move the victim injuries, do not move the victim unless very necessary. Apply unless very necessary. Apply an ice bag or cold cloth to the an ice bag or cold cloth to the injured area to relieve pain. injured area to relieve pain. Apply splints and supports to Apply splints and supports to avoid too much movement of avoid too much movement of the injured parts. Bring the the injured parts. Bring the patient to a hospital.patient to a hospital.

As you have read the proper caring of the As you have read the proper caring of the nervous system, aside from vehicular accident, nervous system, aside from vehicular accident, what could be the other activity that can injure what could be the other activity that can injure our nervous system? How they can affect our nervous system? How they can affect injury? injury? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

After answering the questions, test After answering the questions, test yourself by answering Activity 2-3. Then read yourself by answering Activity 2-3. Then read the next lesson, the Digestive System.the next lesson, the Digestive System.

As you have read the proper caring of the As you have read the proper caring of the nervous system, aside from vehicular accident, nervous system, aside from vehicular accident, what could be the other activity that can injure what could be the other activity that can injure our nervous system? How they can affect our nervous system? How they can affect injury? injury? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

After answering the questions, test After answering the questions, test yourself by answering Activity 2-3. Then read yourself by answering Activity 2-3. Then read the next lesson, the Digestive System.the next lesson, the Digestive System.

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Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________

A.Carry message to the brainA.Carry message to the brainB.Send signals from the brain to the B.Send signals from the brain to the muscles, telling them to move muscles, telling them to move C.Processes and coordinates all C.Processes and coordinates all incoming sensory informationincoming sensory informationD.Part of the nervous system which D.Part of the nervous system which consists of vertebraeconsists of vertebraeE.Network of our body that makes our E.Network of our body that makes our body parts communicate to each other body parts communicate to each other F.Uses information it receives from F.Uses information it receives from nerves nerves

G.G.Responsible for providing sensoryResponsible for providing sensory

A.Carry message to the brainA.Carry message to the brainB.Send signals from the brain to the B.Send signals from the brain to the muscles, telling them to move muscles, telling them to move C.Processes and coordinates all C.Processes and coordinates all incoming sensory informationincoming sensory informationD.Part of the nervous system which D.Part of the nervous system which consists of vertebraeconsists of vertebraeE.Network of our body that makes our E.Network of our body that makes our body parts communicate to each other body parts communicate to each other F.Uses information it receives from F.Uses information it receives from nerves nerves

G.G.Responsible for providing sensoryResponsible for providing sensoryH.Tell the brain how things look, sound, H.Tell the brain how things look, sound, feel, taste, or smellfeel, taste, or smellI.I.It means a broken bone It means a broken bone J.J.The passage of the message to the The passage of the message to the brainbrain

H.Tell the brain how things look, sound, H.Tell the brain how things look, sound, feel, taste, or smellfeel, taste, or smellI.I.It means a broken bone It means a broken bone J.J.The passage of the message to the The passage of the message to the brainbrain

BBBB

Activity 2-3Activity 2-3Nervous Match-UpNervous Match-Up

Direction: Draw a line between the name of each nervous Direction: Draw a line between the name of each nervous system parts and its definition.system parts and its definition.

1.Central nervous system1.Central nervous system 2.Sensory nerves2.Sensory nerves 3.Peripheral nervous system3.Peripheral nervous system SkullSkull 5.Motor nerves5.Motor nerves 6.Nerve cells 6.Nerve cells 7.Brain7.Brain

8.Nervous System8.Nervous System9.Fracture 9.Fracture 10.Spinal cord10.Spinal cord

1.Central nervous system1.Central nervous system 2.Sensory nerves2.Sensory nerves 3.Peripheral nervous system3.Peripheral nervous system SkullSkull 5.Motor nerves5.Motor nerves 6.Nerve cells 6.Nerve cells 7.Brain7.Brain

8.Nervous System8.Nervous System9.Fracture 9.Fracture 10.Spinal cord10.Spinal cord

AA

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Lesson 7Lesson 7

The Digestive SystemThe Digestive System

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student must At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:be able to:

  Identify the different parts of the digestive Identify the different parts of the digestive systemsystem

  Differentiate the parts of the digestive systemDifferentiate the parts of the digestive system

  Appreciate the importance of this system to us Appreciate the importance of this system to us as humanas human

  Practice on the proper caring of our digestive Practice on the proper caring of our digestive systemsystem

Lesson 7Lesson 7

The Digestive SystemThe Digestive System

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student must At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:be able to:

  Identify the different parts of the digestive Identify the different parts of the digestive systemsystem

  Differentiate the parts of the digestive systemDifferentiate the parts of the digestive system

  Appreciate the importance of this system to us Appreciate the importance of this system to us as humanas human

  Practice on the proper caring of our digestive Practice on the proper caring of our digestive systemsystem

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What happens to the food we eat?What happens to the food we eat? It turns into fuel to give our bodies energy and It turns into fuel to give our bodies energy and

keep them healthy. This process happens in the keep them healthy. This process happens in the digestive system. Look at the diagram below.digestive system. Look at the diagram below.

What happens to the food we eat?What happens to the food we eat? It turns into fuel to give our bodies energy and It turns into fuel to give our bodies energy and

keep them healthy. This process happens in the keep them healthy. This process happens in the digestive system. Look at the diagram below.digestive system. Look at the diagram below.

What is DIGESTIVE SYSTEM?What is DIGESTIVE SYSTEM?

The human digestive system consists of The human digestive system consists of a series of organs and structures that help a series of organs and structures that help break down food and absorb nutrients for use break down food and absorb nutrients for use throughout the body. Food enters the digestive throughout the body. Food enters the digestive system through the system through the mouthmouth and passes through and passes through the the esophagusesophagus, , stomachstomach, , small intestine,small intestine, large large intestineintestine, and , and rectumrectum. Other organs, such as . Other organs, such as the liver, further aid in the breakdown of food, the liver, further aid in the breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of absorption of nutrients, and elimination of indigestible materials from the bodyindigestible materials from the body

What is DIGESTIVE SYSTEM?What is DIGESTIVE SYSTEM?

The human digestive system consists of The human digestive system consists of a series of organs and structures that help a series of organs and structures that help break down food and absorb nutrients for use break down food and absorb nutrients for use throughout the body. Food enters the digestive throughout the body. Food enters the digestive system through the system through the mouthmouth and passes through and passes through the the esophagusesophagus, , stomachstomach, , small intestine,small intestine, large large intestineintestine, and , and rectumrectum. Other organs, such as . Other organs, such as the liver, further aid in the breakdown of food, the liver, further aid in the breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of absorption of nutrients, and elimination of indigestible materials from the bodyindigestible materials from the body

Everything we eat Everything we eat follows the same path. follows the same path. First, the food is chewed First, the food is chewed in your in your mouthmouth. The . The teethteeth mash up the food and mash up the food and salivasaliva gets it wet. Then gets it wet. Then we swallow the chewed-we swallow the chewed-up food. The food passes up food. The food passes down a tube called thedown a tube called the

Everything we eat Everything we eat follows the same path. follows the same path. First, the food is chewed First, the food is chewed in your in your mouthmouth. The . The teethteeth mash up the food and mash up the food and salivasaliva gets it wet. Then gets it wet. Then we swallow the chewed-we swallow the chewed-up food. The food passes up food. The food passes down a tube called thedown a tube called the

esophagus esophagus and into the and into the stomach. The stomach. The stomachstomach is full of powerful is full of powerful digestive juices. These juices break down digestive juices. These juices break down the food into nutrientsthe food into nutrients

esophagus esophagus and into the and into the stomach. The stomach. The stomachstomach is full of powerful is full of powerful digestive juices. These juices break down digestive juices. These juices break down the food into nutrientsthe food into nutrients

Next, the nutrients Next, the nutrients move into the move into the small small intestine.intestine. This is a long, This is a long, coiled tube.coiled tube. Here, more Here, more nutrients are absorbed nutrients are absorbed into the body. What’s left into the body. What’s left of the food moves into the of the food moves into the large intestine? Nutrientslarge intestine? Nutrients

Next, the nutrients Next, the nutrients move into the move into the small small intestine.intestine. This is a long, This is a long, coiled tube.coiled tube. Here, more Here, more nutrients are absorbed nutrients are absorbed into the body. What’s left into the body. What’s left of the food moves into the of the food moves into the large intestine? Nutrientslarge intestine? Nutrients

and water are removed here. Now the only and water are removed here. Now the only thing left is waste material. This material thing left is waste material. This material moves through the large intestine. Nutrients moves through the large intestine. Nutrients and water are removed here. Now the only and water are removed here. Now the only thing left is waste material moves through the thing left is waste material moves through the large intestine and out of the body. large intestine and out of the body.

and water are removed here. Now the only and water are removed here. Now the only thing left is waste material. This material thing left is waste material. This material moves through the large intestine. Nutrients moves through the large intestine. Nutrients and water are removed here. Now the only and water are removed here. Now the only thing left is waste material moves through the thing left is waste material moves through the large intestine and out of the body. large intestine and out of the body.

Although the Although the stomachstomach and the and the intestinesintestines are are the main parts of the digestive system, other organs the main parts of the digestive system, other organs help out too. The help out too. The liverliver produces chemicals that help produces chemicals that help remove nutrients from food. The remove nutrients from food. The gall bladdergall bladder stores stores liquid called liquid called bile.bile. BileBile flows into the small intestine. flows into the small intestine. Here it helps the body break down fats.Here it helps the body break down fats.

The The pancreaspancreas is another important part of the is another important part of the digestive system. It produces chemical called digestive system. It produces chemical called insulininsulin. Insulin helps the body digest sugar.. Insulin helps the body digest sugar.

Even the tongue helps out with digestion! The Even the tongue helps out with digestion! The tongue helps move food around in the mouth as we tongue helps move food around in the mouth as we chew it. Then it helps push the food down into the chew it. Then it helps push the food down into the esophagus when we swallow.esophagus when we swallow.

Our body is only as healthy as the food we put Our body is only as healthy as the food we put into it, vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean into it, vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean meats contain many nutrients that keep our body meats contain many nutrients that keep our body strong and give us energy. Foods with a lot of sugar, strong and give us energy. Foods with a lot of sugar, salt, or fat are not good for our body.salt, or fat are not good for our body.

Although the Although the stomachstomach and the and the intestinesintestines are are the main parts of the digestive system, other organs the main parts of the digestive system, other organs help out too. The help out too. The liverliver produces chemicals that help produces chemicals that help remove nutrients from food. The remove nutrients from food. The gall bladdergall bladder stores stores liquid called liquid called bile.bile. BileBile flows into the small intestine. flows into the small intestine. Here it helps the body break down fats.Here it helps the body break down fats.

The The pancreaspancreas is another important part of the is another important part of the digestive system. It produces chemical called digestive system. It produces chemical called insulininsulin. Insulin helps the body digest sugar.. Insulin helps the body digest sugar.

Even the tongue helps out with digestion! The Even the tongue helps out with digestion! The tongue helps move food around in the mouth as we tongue helps move food around in the mouth as we chew it. Then it helps push the food down into the chew it. Then it helps push the food down into the esophagus when we swallow.esophagus when we swallow.

Our body is only as healthy as the food we put Our body is only as healthy as the food we put into it, vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean into it, vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean meats contain many nutrients that keep our body meats contain many nutrients that keep our body strong and give us energy. Foods with a lot of sugar, strong and give us energy. Foods with a lot of sugar, salt, or fat are not good for our body.salt, or fat are not good for our body.

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Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________

Activity 2-4Activity 2-4READER’S DIGESTSREADER’S DIGESTS

A. Fill in the blanks the right word(s) to complete the A. Fill in the blanks the right word(s) to complete the statement.statement.

Activity 2-4Activity 2-4READER’S DIGESTSREADER’S DIGESTS

A. Fill in the blanks the right word(s) to complete the A. Fill in the blanks the right word(s) to complete the statement.statement.

1. 1. The digestion starts through our ________________.The digestion starts through our ________________.2.2. The ______ gets the food wet and the teeth mash up the The ______ gets the food wet and the teeth mash up the food.food.3.3. The tube where the food passes through is called _________.The tube where the food passes through is called _________.4.4. The _______________ is full of digestive juices.The _______________ is full of digestive juices.5.5. The digestive juices break down the food into ____________.The digestive juices break down the food into ____________.6.6. A small intestine is a long _____________________.A small intestine is a long _____________________.7.7. The _______________ produces chemicals that help remove The _______________ produces chemicals that help remove

nutrients from food.nutrients from food.8.8. The ___________ helps the body in breaking down fats.The ___________ helps the body in breaking down fats.9.9. Another part of the mouth that helps in chewing the food is Another part of the mouth that helps in chewing the food is our our _________._________.10. The ___________ helps the body to digest sugar.10. The ___________ helps the body to digest sugar.

1. 1. The digestion starts through our ________________.The digestion starts through our ________________.2.2. The ______ gets the food wet and the teeth mash up the The ______ gets the food wet and the teeth mash up the food.food.3.3. The tube where the food passes through is called _________.The tube where the food passes through is called _________.4.4. The _______________ is full of digestive juices.The _______________ is full of digestive juices.5.5. The digestive juices break down the food into ____________.The digestive juices break down the food into ____________.6.6. A small intestine is a long _____________________.A small intestine is a long _____________________.7.7. The _______________ produces chemicals that help remove The _______________ produces chemicals that help remove

nutrients from food.nutrients from food.8.8. The ___________ helps the body in breaking down fats.The ___________ helps the body in breaking down fats.9.9. Another part of the mouth that helps in chewing the food is Another part of the mouth that helps in chewing the food is our our _________._________.10. The ___________ helps the body to digest sugar.10. The ___________ helps the body to digest sugar.

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Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________

Activity 2-4Activity 2-4READER’S DIGESTSREADER’S DIGESTS

B. Draw the diagram of the Digestive System and write B. Draw the diagram of the Digestive System and write the digestion process on the next pagethe digestion process on the next page

Activity 2-4Activity 2-4READER’S DIGESTSREADER’S DIGESTS

B. Draw the diagram of the Digestive System and write B. Draw the diagram of the Digestive System and write the digestion process on the next pagethe digestion process on the next page

Lesson 8Lesson 8

The Respiratory SystemThe Respiratory System

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student must be At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:able to:

  Identify the different parts of the respiratory systemIdentify the different parts of the respiratory system

  Differentiate the parts of the respiratory systemDifferentiate the parts of the respiratory system

  Appreciate the importance of this system to us as Appreciate the importance of this system to us as humanhuman

  Practice on the proper caring of our respiratory Practice on the proper caring of our respiratory systemsystem

Lesson 8Lesson 8

The Respiratory SystemThe Respiratory System

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student must be At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:able to:

  Identify the different parts of the respiratory systemIdentify the different parts of the respiratory system

  Differentiate the parts of the respiratory systemDifferentiate the parts of the respiratory system

  Appreciate the importance of this system to us as Appreciate the importance of this system to us as humanhuman

  Practice on the proper caring of our respiratory Practice on the proper caring of our respiratory systemsystem

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If you could not breathe, would you be If you could not breathe, would you be able to live? Here is the diagram of the able to live? Here is the diagram of the Inhalation and Exhalation process.Inhalation and Exhalation process.

If you could not breathe, would you be If you could not breathe, would you be able to live? Here is the diagram of the able to live? Here is the diagram of the Inhalation and Exhalation process.Inhalation and Exhalation process.

Figure 2-16Figure 2-16, , A.A. The The diaphragmdiaphragm contracts and moves contracts and moves downward, the downward, the pectoralis minorpectoralis minor and and intercostal musclesintercostal muscles pull the rib cage outward. The chest cavity expands, and pull the rib cage outward. The chest cavity expands, and air rushes into the lungs through the trachea to fill the air rushes into the lungs through the trachea to fill the resulting vacuum. resulting vacuum. B.B. When the diaphragm relaxes to its When the diaphragm relaxes to its normal, upwardly curving position, the lungs contract, and normal, upwardly curving position, the lungs contract, and air is forced outair is forced out..

Figure 2-16Figure 2-16, , A.A. The The diaphragmdiaphragm contracts and moves contracts and moves downward, the downward, the pectoralis minorpectoralis minor and and intercostal musclesintercostal muscles pull the rib cage outward. The chest cavity expands, and pull the rib cage outward. The chest cavity expands, and air rushes into the lungs through the trachea to fill the air rushes into the lungs through the trachea to fill the resulting vacuum. resulting vacuum. B.B. When the diaphragm relaxes to its When the diaphragm relaxes to its normal, upwardly curving position, the lungs contract, and normal, upwardly curving position, the lungs contract, and air is forced outair is forced out..

The The respiratory systemrespiratory system is the part of the body that is the part of the body that helps us breathe. This system brings oxygen into the helps us breathe. This system brings oxygen into the body. It also takes a waste material called body. It also takes a waste material called carbon carbon dioxidedioxide out of the body. out of the body.

The The respiratory systemrespiratory system is the part of the body that is the part of the body that helps us breathe. This system brings oxygen into the helps us breathe. This system brings oxygen into the body. It also takes a waste material called body. It also takes a waste material called carbon carbon dioxidedioxide out of the body. out of the body.

OxygenOxygen is found in the air all around us. When is found in the air all around us. When we breathe in, air flows into the we breathe in, air flows into the mouthmouth and and nosenose and and down to the down to the windpipewindpipe. The . The windpipewindpipe leads into the leads into the lungs. The lungs. The lungslungs expand as they fill with air. The expand as they fill with air. The oxygen in the air is transferred to the oxygen in the air is transferred to the red blood cellsred blood cells. . These cells carry oxygen to the rest of the body.These cells carry oxygen to the rest of the body.

OxygenOxygen is found in the air all around us. When is found in the air all around us. When we breathe in, air flows into the we breathe in, air flows into the mouthmouth and and nosenose and and down to the down to the windpipewindpipe. The . The windpipewindpipe leads into the leads into the lungs. The lungs. The lungslungs expand as they fill with air. The expand as they fill with air. The oxygen in the air is transferred to the oxygen in the air is transferred to the red blood cellsred blood cells. . These cells carry oxygen to the rest of the body.These cells carry oxygen to the rest of the body.

As blood flows through the body, it delivers its As blood flows through the body, it delivers its oxygen. Then it returns to the heart and is pumped into oxygen. Then it returns to the heart and is pumped into the lungs. The lungs remove a waste gas called the lungs. The lungs remove a waste gas called carbon carbon dioxidedioxide from the blood. When we breathe out, the carbon from the blood. When we breathe out, the carbon dioxide flows out of the lungs, up through the windpipe, dioxide flows out of the lungs, up through the windpipe, and out of the mouth and nose. Then we take in a breath and out of the mouth and nose. Then we take in a breath of fresh air. The process starts all over again!of fresh air. The process starts all over again!

The lungs are like The lungs are like two spongy sacstwo spongy sacs. As air flows . As air flows into the lungs, it moves through tubes. The first tube is into the lungs, it moves through tubes. The first tube is called the called the bronchusbronchus. The . The bronchus bronchus turns into smaller turns into smaller tubes called tubes called bronchiolesbronchioles. Bronchioles end in a group of . Bronchioles end in a group of air sacs. These sacs are called air sacs. These sacs are called alveoli.alveoli. The lungs contain The lungs contain more than more than 300 million alveoli300 million alveoli. The alveoli are surrounded . The alveoli are surrounded by by capillariescapillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass from the . Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass from the capillaries into the alveoli. Then the carbon dioxide starts capillaries into the alveoli. Then the carbon dioxide starts its journey back. It travels through the bronchioles and its journey back. It travels through the bronchioles and bronchus and out of the lungs.bronchus and out of the lungs.

As blood flows through the body, it delivers its As blood flows through the body, it delivers its oxygen. Then it returns to the heart and is pumped into oxygen. Then it returns to the heart and is pumped into the lungs. The lungs remove a waste gas called the lungs. The lungs remove a waste gas called carbon carbon dioxidedioxide from the blood. When we breathe out, the carbon from the blood. When we breathe out, the carbon dioxide flows out of the lungs, up through the windpipe, dioxide flows out of the lungs, up through the windpipe, and out of the mouth and nose. Then we take in a breath and out of the mouth and nose. Then we take in a breath of fresh air. The process starts all over again!of fresh air. The process starts all over again!

The lungs are like The lungs are like two spongy sacstwo spongy sacs. As air flows . As air flows into the lungs, it moves through tubes. The first tube is into the lungs, it moves through tubes. The first tube is called the called the bronchusbronchus. The . The bronchus bronchus turns into smaller turns into smaller tubes called tubes called bronchiolesbronchioles. Bronchioles end in a group of . Bronchioles end in a group of air sacs. These sacs are called air sacs. These sacs are called alveoli.alveoli. The lungs contain The lungs contain more than more than 300 million alveoli300 million alveoli. The alveoli are surrounded . The alveoli are surrounded by by capillariescapillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass from the . Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass from the capillaries into the alveoli. Then the carbon dioxide starts capillaries into the alveoli. Then the carbon dioxide starts its journey back. It travels through the bronchioles and its journey back. It travels through the bronchioles and bronchus and out of the lungs.bronchus and out of the lungs.

The lungs are surrounded by the The lungs are surrounded by the ribs.ribs. The The ribsribs protect the lungs and help them protect the lungs and help them keep their shape.keep their shape.

Look at the Figure 2-17. How was the Look at the Figure 2-17. How was the inhalation and exhalation process? inhalation and exhalation process? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The lungs are surrounded by the The lungs are surrounded by the ribs.ribs. The The ribsribs protect the lungs and help them protect the lungs and help them keep their shape.keep their shape.

Look at the Figure 2-17. How was the Look at the Figure 2-17. How was the inhalation and exhalation process? inhalation and exhalation process? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Figure 2-17Figure 2-17Human LungsHuman Lungs

Air travels to the lungs through a series of tubes and Air travels to the lungs through a series of tubes and airways. The two branches of the trachea, called airways. The two branches of the trachea, called bronchibronchi, , subdivide within the lobes into smaller and smaller air vessels. subdivide within the lobes into smaller and smaller air vessels. They terminate in They terminate in alveolialveoli, , tiny air sacstiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries. surrounded by capillaries. When the alveoli inflate with inhaled air, oxygen diffuses into the When the alveoli inflate with inhaled air, oxygen diffuses into the blood in the capillaries to be pumped by the heart to the tissues of blood in the capillaries to be pumped by the heart to the tissues of the body, and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the the body, and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the lungs, where it is exhaled. lungs, where it is exhaled.

Figure 2-17Figure 2-17Human LungsHuman Lungs

Air travels to the lungs through a series of tubes and Air travels to the lungs through a series of tubes and airways. The two branches of the trachea, called airways. The two branches of the trachea, called bronchibronchi, , subdivide within the lobes into smaller and smaller air vessels. subdivide within the lobes into smaller and smaller air vessels. They terminate in They terminate in alveolialveoli, , tiny air sacstiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries. surrounded by capillaries. When the alveoli inflate with inhaled air, oxygen diffuses into the When the alveoli inflate with inhaled air, oxygen diffuses into the blood in the capillaries to be pumped by the heart to the tissues of blood in the capillaries to be pumped by the heart to the tissues of the body, and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the the body, and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the lungs, where it is exhaled. lungs, where it is exhaled.

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Remember… Continued exposure to smog can result in respiratory problems, eye irritation, and even death.

Remember… Continued exposure to smog can result in respiratory problems, eye irritation, and even death.

Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________

Activity 2-5Activity 2-5A.A. Define the following organs. Give their Define the following organs. Give their functions to the respiratory system.functions to the respiratory system.

1.1. windpipe –windpipe – 2.2. lungs –lungs – 3.3. red blood cells –red blood cells – 4.4. bronchi –bronchi – 5.5. bronchioles –bronchioles – 6.6. alveoli –alveoli – 7.7. air sacs –air sacs – 8.8. capillaries –capillaries – 9.9. carbon dioxide –carbon dioxide – 10. oxygen –10. oxygen –

Activity 2-5Activity 2-5A.A. Define the following organs. Give their Define the following organs. Give their functions to the respiratory system.functions to the respiratory system.

1.1. windpipe –windpipe – 2.2. lungs –lungs – 3.3. red blood cells –red blood cells – 4.4. bronchi –bronchi – 5.5. bronchioles –bronchioles – 6.6. alveoli –alveoli – 7.7. air sacs –air sacs – 8.8. capillaries –capillaries – 9.9. carbon dioxide –carbon dioxide – 10. oxygen –10. oxygen –

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B. B. Hidden MessageHidden Message. Cross out every second letter . Cross out every second letter to reveal the secret message. Write the message on to reveal the secret message. Write the message on the blank. Starts on letter the blank. Starts on letter A.A.

B. B. Hidden MessageHidden Message. Cross out every second letter . Cross out every second letter to reveal the secret message. Write the message on to reveal the secret message. Write the message on the blank. Starts on letter the blank. Starts on letter A.A.

ADYJAWKNLFDOFRVCBEXSHEEXTTDRHAAADYJAWKNLFDOFRVCBEXSHEEXTTDRHAACFAHRXBMOQNZPDWIFODXJILDOETOSUQCFAHRXBMOQNZPDWIFODXJILDOETOSUQTYORFHTMHNEOBPOQDRYSATNUDVBWRXITYORFHTMHNEOBPOQDRYSATNUDVBWRXIYNZGASBMCODRFEGOHXIYJGKELNMION.YNZGASBMCODRFEGOHXIYJGKELNMION.

ADYJAWKNLFDOFRVCBEXSHEEXTTDRHAAADYJAWKNLFDOFRVCBEXSHEEXTTDRHAACFAHRXBMOQNZPDWIFODXJILDOETOSUQCFAHRXBMOQNZPDWIFODXJILDOETOSUQTYORFHTMHNEOBPOQDRYSATNUDVBWRXITYORFHTMHNEOBPOQDRYSATNUDVBWRXIYNZGASBMCODRFEGOHXIYJGKELNMION.YNZGASBMCODRFEGOHXIYJGKELNMION.

..

Lesson 9Lesson 9

The Circulatory SystemThe Circulatory System

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:

  Identify the different parts of the circulatory Identify the different parts of the circulatory systemsystem

  Differentiate the parts of the circulatory systemDifferentiate the parts of the circulatory system

  Appreciate the importance of this system to us as Appreciate the importance of this system to us as humanhuman

  Practice on the proper caring of our circulatory Practice on the proper caring of our circulatory systemsystem

Lesson 9Lesson 9

The Circulatory SystemThe Circulatory System

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:

  Identify the different parts of the circulatory Identify the different parts of the circulatory systemsystem

  Differentiate the parts of the circulatory systemDifferentiate the parts of the circulatory system

  Appreciate the importance of this system to us as Appreciate the importance of this system to us as humanhuman

  Practice on the proper caring of our circulatory Practice on the proper caring of our circulatory systemsystem

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The circulatory system moves blood through The circulatory system moves blood through all parts of the body. The blood is the transport all parts of the body. The blood is the transport system by which oxygen and nutrients reach the system by which oxygen and nutrients reach the body’s cells and waste materials are carried away.body’s cells and waste materials are carried away.

The circulatory system moves blood through The circulatory system moves blood through all parts of the body. The blood is the transport all parts of the body. The blood is the transport system by which oxygen and nutrients reach the system by which oxygen and nutrients reach the body’s cells and waste materials are carried away.body’s cells and waste materials are carried away.

Here is the diagram of the human heartHere is the diagram of the human heartHere is the diagram of the human heartHere is the diagram of the human heart

The human heart is a hollow, pear-shaped The human heart is a hollow, pear-shaped organ about the size of a fist. The heart is made of organ about the size of a fist. The heart is made of muscle that rhythmically contracts, or beats, muscle that rhythmically contracts, or beats, pumping blood throughout the body.pumping blood throughout the body.

Circulation starts in the hearts. The Circulation starts in the hearts. The left side of left side of the heartthe heart pumps blood into the body. The pumps blood into the body. The right side of right side of the heartthe heart pumps blood into the lungs. There, the pumps blood into the lungs. There, the blood picks up oxygen. The blood picks up oxygen. The oxygenoxygen makes the blood makes the blood bright red. Then the blood flows into large blood bright red. Then the blood flows into large blood vessels called vessels called arteriesarteries. Arteries carry blood flows into . Arteries carry blood flows into large blood vessels called large blood vessels called capillariescapillaries..

As blood flows through the body, it gives up its As blood flows through the body, it gives up its oxygen to the body tissues. Now the blood is a darker oxygen to the body tissues. Now the blood is a darker red-blue color. It travels back to the heart. It flows red-blue color. It travels back to the heart. It flows through blood vessels called through blood vessels called veinsveins. The veins bring . The veins bring the blood into the left side. There it starts the journey the blood into the left side. There it starts the journey all over again.all over again.

The human heart is a hollow, pear-shaped The human heart is a hollow, pear-shaped organ about the size of a fist. The heart is made of organ about the size of a fist. The heart is made of muscle that rhythmically contracts, or beats, muscle that rhythmically contracts, or beats, pumping blood throughout the body.pumping blood throughout the body.

Circulation starts in the hearts. The Circulation starts in the hearts. The left side of left side of the heartthe heart pumps blood into the body. The pumps blood into the body. The right side of right side of the heartthe heart pumps blood into the lungs. There, the pumps blood into the lungs. There, the blood picks up oxygen. The blood picks up oxygen. The oxygenoxygen makes the blood makes the blood bright red. Then the blood flows into large blood bright red. Then the blood flows into large blood vessels called vessels called arteriesarteries. Arteries carry blood flows into . Arteries carry blood flows into large blood vessels called large blood vessels called capillariescapillaries..

As blood flows through the body, it gives up its As blood flows through the body, it gives up its oxygen to the body tissues. Now the blood is a darker oxygen to the body tissues. Now the blood is a darker red-blue color. It travels back to the heart. It flows red-blue color. It travels back to the heart. It flows through blood vessels called through blood vessels called veinsveins. The veins bring . The veins bring the blood into the left side. There it starts the journey the blood into the left side. There it starts the journey all over again.all over again.

The human circulatory The human circulatory system is composed of the system is composed of the muscular heartmuscular heart and an and an intricate network of elastic intricate network of elastic blood vessels known as blood vessels known as arteriesarteries, , veinsveins, and , and capillariescapillaries. These structures . These structures work together to circulate work together to circulate blood throughout the body, blood throughout the body, in the process delivering life-in the process delivering life-preserving oxygen and preserving oxygen and nutrients to tissue cells while nutrients to tissue cells while also removing waste also removing waste products.products.

The human circulatory The human circulatory system is composed of the system is composed of the muscular heartmuscular heart and an and an intricate network of elastic intricate network of elastic blood vessels known as blood vessels known as arteriesarteries, , veinsveins, and , and capillariescapillaries. These structures . These structures work together to circulate work together to circulate blood throughout the body, blood throughout the body, in the process delivering life-in the process delivering life-preserving oxygen and preserving oxygen and nutrients to tissue cells while nutrients to tissue cells while also removing waste also removing waste products.products.

Look at the Figure 2-19, Human Circulatory System.Look at the Figure 2-19, Human Circulatory System.Look at the Figure 2-19, Human Circulatory System.Look at the Figure 2-19, Human Circulatory System.

BLOOD VESSELSBLOOD VESSELSBLOOD VESSELSBLOOD VESSELS

Blood vesselsBlood vessels circulate circulate blood through the body. blood through the body. The major types of the The major types of the blood vessels are the blood vessels are the arteriesarteries, , veinsveins and and capillariescapillaries. Arteries carry . Arteries carry blood away from the heart, blood away from the heart, while while veinsveins carry blood carry blood toward the heart. toward the heart. CapillariesCapillaries form at the form at the junction between arteries junction between arteries and veins and are the only and veins and are the only blood vessels to come into blood vessels to come into contact with tissue cells. contact with tissue cells.

Blood vesselsBlood vessels circulate circulate blood through the body. blood through the body. The major types of the The major types of the blood vessels are the blood vessels are the arteriesarteries, , veinsveins and and capillariescapillaries. Arteries carry . Arteries carry blood away from the heart, blood away from the heart, while while veinsveins carry blood carry blood toward the heart. toward the heart. CapillariesCapillaries form at the form at the junction between arteries junction between arteries and veins and are the only and veins and are the only blood vessels to come into blood vessels to come into contact with tissue cells. contact with tissue cells.

The walls of arteries and veins are The walls of arteries and veins are composed of composed of three tunicsthree tunics (layers) that (layers) that surround a central opening a surround a central opening a lumenlumen through which blood flows. The through which blood flows. The innermost layer is the innermost layer is the tunica intimatunica intima. The . The middle layer is the middle layer is the tunica mediatunica media, , composed of smooth muscle cells and composed of smooth muscle cells and sheets of elastic tissue. The sheets of elastic tissue. The tunica tunica adventiaadventia forms the protective outer layer forms the protective outer layer of the blood vessel wall and anchors the of the blood vessel wall and anchors the blood vessel to surrounding structures.blood vessel to surrounding structures.

The walls of arteries and veins are The walls of arteries and veins are composed of composed of three tunicsthree tunics (layers) that (layers) that surround a central opening a surround a central opening a lumenlumen through which blood flows. The through which blood flows. The innermost layer is the innermost layer is the tunica intimatunica intima. The . The middle layer is the middle layer is the tunica mediatunica media, , composed of smooth muscle cells and composed of smooth muscle cells and sheets of elastic tissue. The sheets of elastic tissue. The tunica tunica adventiaadventia forms the protective outer layer forms the protective outer layer of the blood vessel wall and anchors the of the blood vessel wall and anchors the blood vessel to surrounding structures.blood vessel to surrounding structures.

Thin, fibrous flaps called Thin, fibrous flaps called valvesvalves lie at the opening of the lie at the opening of the heart’s pulmonary artery and heart’s pulmonary artery and aorta. aorta. ValvesValves are also present are also present between between atriumatrium and and ventricleventricle of the heartof the heart.

Thin, fibrous flaps called Thin, fibrous flaps called valvesvalves lie at the opening of the lie at the opening of the heart’s pulmonary artery and heart’s pulmonary artery and aorta. aorta. ValvesValves are also present are also present between between atriumatrium and and ventricleventricle of the heartof the heart.

HEART VALVESHEART VALVESHEART VALVESHEART VALVES

Remember…Remember… Nobody knows what causes arteriosclerosis, but Nobody knows what causes arteriosclerosis, but heredity, obesity, smoking, and a high-fat diet all heredity, obesity, smoking, and a high-fat diet all appear to play roles.appear to play roles.

What is arteriosclerosis?What is arteriosclerosis?It is commonly known as hardening of the It is commonly known as hardening of the

arteries, the walls of the arteries thicken, harden, and arteries, the walls of the arteries thicken, harden, and lose their elasticity.lose their elasticity.

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Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Name: ____________________ Date. ____________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________Grade:____________________ Score: ___________

Activity 2-6Activity 2-6A. Label the different parts of the Human Heart.A. Label the different parts of the Human Heart.

Activity 2-6Activity 2-6A. Label the different parts of the Human Heart.A. Label the different parts of the Human Heart.

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B.B. Make a short literary work on how can we Make a short literary work on how can we protect our circulatory system.protect our circulatory system.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B.B. Make a short literary work on how can we Make a short literary work on how can we protect our circulatory system.protect our circulatory system.

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Lesson 10Lesson 10

Important Organs of the BodyImportant Organs of the Body

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student must be able At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:to:Identify theIdentify the other important organs inside our bodyother important organs inside our bodyDifferentiate the functions of each organ to our Differentiate the functions of each organ to our body systemsbody systemsAppreciate the importance of this organs to us as Appreciate the importance of this organs to us as humanhumanIllustrate the different organs to its corresponding Illustrate the different organs to its corresponding body systembody system

Lesson 10Lesson 10

Important Organs of the BodyImportant Organs of the Body

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student must be able At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:to:Identify theIdentify the other important organs inside our bodyother important organs inside our bodyDifferentiate the functions of each organ to our Differentiate the functions of each organ to our body systemsbody systemsAppreciate the importance of this organs to us as Appreciate the importance of this organs to us as humanhumanIllustrate the different organs to its corresponding Illustrate the different organs to its corresponding body systembody system

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THE BRAINTHE BRAINThe brain is the command The brain is the command center of the body. Just about center of the body. Just about every movement or function of every movement or function of the body starts in the brain. the body starts in the brain. Among other things, the brain Among other things, the brain sends out messages that tell us sends out messages that tell us when to breathe, how twhen to breathe, how t o move, o move, and how to feel and think.and how to feel and think.

THE BRAINTHE BRAINThe brain is the command The brain is the command center of the body. Just about center of the body. Just about every movement or function of every movement or function of the body starts in the brain. the body starts in the brain. Among other things, the brain Among other things, the brain sends out messages that tell us sends out messages that tell us when to breathe, how twhen to breathe, how t o move, o move, and how to feel and think.and how to feel and think.

The brain has three major parts. The bottom The brain has three major parts. The bottom of the brain is called the of the brain is called the brain stembrain stem. This part of . This part of the brain controls life function, such as breathing, the brain controls life function, such as breathing, digestion, and the heartbeat.digestion, and the heartbeat.

Look at the Diagram of the Look at the Diagram of the Left and Right Left and Right Function of the BrainFunction of the Brain of figure 2-21. of figure 2-21.

The brain has three major parts. The bottom The brain has three major parts. The bottom of the brain is called the of the brain is called the brain stembrain stem. This part of . This part of the brain controls life function, such as breathing, the brain controls life function, such as breathing, digestion, and the heartbeat.digestion, and the heartbeat.

Look at the Diagram of the Look at the Diagram of the Left and Right Left and Right Function of the BrainFunction of the Brain of figure 2-21. of figure 2-21.

The back part of the brain is The back part of the brain is the the cerebellum.cerebellum. The cerebellum The cerebellum controls balance and movement.controls balance and movement.

The The cerebrumcerebrum is the biggest is the biggest part of the brain. It is found at the part of the brain. It is found at the top and the front of the brain. The top and the front of the brain. The cerebrum controls many areas. cerebrum controls many areas. These areas include speech, These areas include speech, movement, and our five senses. movement, and our five senses.

The back part of the brain is The back part of the brain is the the cerebellum.cerebellum. The cerebellum The cerebellum controls balance and movement.controls balance and movement.

The The cerebrumcerebrum is the biggest is the biggest part of the brain. It is found at the part of the brain. It is found at the top and the front of the brain. The top and the front of the brain. The cerebrum controls many areas. cerebrum controls many areas. These areas include speech, These areas include speech, movement, and our five senses. movement, and our five senses.

Thoughts and emotions are controlled by the Thoughts and emotions are controlled by the cerebrum too. cerebrum too. What goes on inside the brain? There are about What goes on inside the brain? There are about 400 billion nerve cells inside the brain. These cells are 400 billion nerve cells inside the brain. These cells are called called neuronsneurons. They send electrical signals to each . They send electrical signals to each other. In less than a second, these signals send other. In less than a second, these signals send messages to and from every part of the body.messages to and from every part of the body.

Thoughts and emotions are controlled by the Thoughts and emotions are controlled by the cerebrum too. cerebrum too. What goes on inside the brain? There are about What goes on inside the brain? There are about 400 billion nerve cells inside the brain. These cells are 400 billion nerve cells inside the brain. These cells are called called neuronsneurons. They send electrical signals to each . They send electrical signals to each other. In less than a second, these signals send other. In less than a second, these signals send messages to and from every part of the body.messages to and from every part of the body.

The brain is surrounded by many The brain is surrounded by many large blood vesselslarge blood vessels. . These vessels form a ring called the These vessels form a ring called the circle of Williscircle of Willis. This . This circle is named after an English doctor, circle is named after an English doctor, Thomas WillisThomas Willis. He . He lived during the 17lived during the 17thth century. Blood flows through the century. Blood flows through the circle of Willis to keep the brain healthy. Spaces inside circle of Willis to keep the brain healthy. Spaces inside the brain also contain a clear liquid called cerebrospinal the brain also contain a clear liquid called cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid is also found in the spinal cord.fluid. This fluid is also found in the spinal cord.

The brain is surrounded by many The brain is surrounded by many large blood vesselslarge blood vessels. . These vessels form a ring called the These vessels form a ring called the circle of Williscircle of Willis. This . This circle is named after an English doctor, circle is named after an English doctor, Thomas WillisThomas Willis. He . He lived during the 17lived during the 17thth century. Blood flows through the century. Blood flows through the circle of Willis to keep the brain healthy. Spaces inside circle of Willis to keep the brain healthy. Spaces inside the brain also contain a clear liquid called cerebrospinal the brain also contain a clear liquid called cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid is also found in the spinal cord.fluid. This fluid is also found in the spinal cord.

THE HEARTTHE HEARTTHE HEARTTHE HEART The heart is the pump The heart is the pump that keeps blood moving that keeps blood moving through our bodies. A normal through our bodies. A normal heart is divided into four parts. heart is divided into four parts. The top halves are called the left The top halves are called the left atrium and the right atrium. The atrium and the right atrium. The bottom halves are called the left bottom halves are called the left ventricle and the right ventricle.ventricle and the right ventricle.

The heart is the pump The heart is the pump that keeps blood moving that keeps blood moving through our bodies. A normal through our bodies. A normal heart is divided into four parts. heart is divided into four parts. The top halves are called the left The top halves are called the left atrium and the right atrium. The atrium and the right atrium. The bottom halves are called the left bottom halves are called the left ventricle and the right ventricle.ventricle and the right ventricle.

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After blood has circulated through the body, it After blood has circulated through the body, it flows into the right and left atria through two big veins. flows into the right and left atria through two big veins. These veins are called the pulmonary vein and the These veins are called the pulmonary vein and the superior vena cava. The atria have very thin walls. These superior vena cava. The atria have very thin walls. These walls squeeze the blood into the pulmonary artery. The walls squeeze the blood into the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery carries the blood to the lungs. There it pulmonary artery carries the blood to the lungs. There it picks up fresh oxygen. Then the blood flows to the rest of picks up fresh oxygen. Then the blood flows to the rest of the body.the body.

Every time the heart beats, it pumps blood Every time the heart beats, it pumps blood throughout the body. We can feel each beat by putting throughout the body. We can feel each beat by putting your hand on your chest. You can hear the beats by your hand on your chest. You can hear the beats by listening to your heart through a stethoscope. Your pulse listening to your heart through a stethoscope. Your pulse can also tell you how fast your heart is beating. Each time can also tell you how fast your heart is beating. Each time the ventricles force blood into the arteries, the pressure the ventricles force blood into the arteries, the pressure makes your pulse beat. The best places to feel your pulse makes your pulse beat. The best places to feel your pulse are against your wrist or the front of your neck.are against your wrist or the front of your neck.

After blood has circulated through the body, it After blood has circulated through the body, it flows into the right and left atria through two big veins. flows into the right and left atria through two big veins. These veins are called the pulmonary vein and the These veins are called the pulmonary vein and the superior vena cava. The atria have very thin walls. These superior vena cava. The atria have very thin walls. These walls squeeze the blood into the pulmonary artery. The walls squeeze the blood into the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery carries the blood to the lungs. There it pulmonary artery carries the blood to the lungs. There it picks up fresh oxygen. Then the blood flows to the rest of picks up fresh oxygen. Then the blood flows to the rest of the body.the body.

Every time the heart beats, it pumps blood Every time the heart beats, it pumps blood throughout the body. We can feel each beat by putting throughout the body. We can feel each beat by putting your hand on your chest. You can hear the beats by your hand on your chest. You can hear the beats by listening to your heart through a stethoscope. Your pulse listening to your heart through a stethoscope. Your pulse can also tell you how fast your heart is beating. Each time can also tell you how fast your heart is beating. Each time the ventricles force blood into the arteries, the pressure the ventricles force blood into the arteries, the pressure makes your pulse beat. The best places to feel your pulse makes your pulse beat. The best places to feel your pulse are against your wrist or the front of your neck.are against your wrist or the front of your neck.

Your heartbeat is controlled by bundle of nerves in Your heartbeat is controlled by bundle of nerves in the right atrium. These nerves keep your heart beating the right atrium. These nerves keep your heart beating regularlyregularly

Your heartbeat is controlled by bundle of nerves in Your heartbeat is controlled by bundle of nerves in the right atrium. These nerves keep your heart beating the right atrium. These nerves keep your heart beating regularlyregularly

THE STOMACHTHE STOMACHTHE STOMACHTHE STOMACH

The stomach is a The stomach is a muscular bag of digestive muscular bag of digestive juices. The walls of the juices. The walls of the stomach are made of three stomach are made of three layers of muscles. These layers of muscles. These muscles can move the stomach muscles can move the stomach into almost any shape.into almost any shape.

The stomach’s muscular The stomach’s muscular walls contract every few walls contract every few minutes. This squeezes at foodminutes. This squeezes at food

The stomach is a The stomach is a muscular bag of digestive muscular bag of digestive juices. The walls of the juices. The walls of the stomach are made of three stomach are made of three layers of muscles. These layers of muscles. These muscles can move the stomach muscles can move the stomach into almost any shape.into almost any shape.

The stomach’s muscular The stomach’s muscular walls contract every few walls contract every few minutes. This squeezes at foodminutes. This squeezes at food inside. At the same inside. At the same time, digestive juices in the stomach break down the time, digestive juices in the stomach break down the food into a thick liquid called chyme. Somefood into a thick liquid called chyme. Some nutrients nutrients are absorbed into the blood from the stomach, but most are absorbed into the blood from the stomach, but most are not. Instead, the chyme moves into the small are not. Instead, the chyme moves into the small intestine. It can take up to six hours for the stomach to intestine. It can take up to six hours for the stomach to empty its contents into the small intestine.empty its contents into the small intestine.

inside. At the same inside. At the same time, digestive juices in the stomach break down the time, digestive juices in the stomach break down the food into a thick liquid called chyme. Somefood into a thick liquid called chyme. Some nutrients nutrients are absorbed into the blood from the stomach, but most are absorbed into the blood from the stomach, but most are not. Instead, the chyme moves into the small are not. Instead, the chyme moves into the small intestine. It can take up to six hours for the stomach to intestine. It can take up to six hours for the stomach to empty its contents into the small intestine.empty its contents into the small intestine.

An adult’s small intestine is more than An adult’s small intestine is more than 11 7 feet long! To fit inside the body, the small 7 feet long! To fit inside the body, the small intestine is folded and coiled around and intestine is folded and coiled around and around.around.

The surface of the small intestine is The surface of the small intestine is covered with tiny structures called covered with tiny structures called villivilli. The . The villivilli absorb nutrients. Then blood and absorb nutrients. Then blood and Lymph Lymph fluidfluid inside the inside the villivilli carry the nutrients to the carry the nutrients to the rest of the body.rest of the body.

The large intestine is shorter than the The large intestine is shorter than the small intestine. It is called “Large” because it small intestine. It is called “Large” because it is wider than the small intestine. About 18-30 is wider than the small intestine. About 18-30 hours pass between when food is eaten to hours pass between when food is eaten to when it is passes through the large intestine when it is passes through the large intestine and out of the body as waste.and out of the body as waste.

An adult’s small intestine is more than An adult’s small intestine is more than 11 7 feet long! To fit inside the body, the small 7 feet long! To fit inside the body, the small intestine is folded and coiled around and intestine is folded and coiled around and around.around.

The surface of the small intestine is The surface of the small intestine is covered with tiny structures called covered with tiny structures called villivilli. The . The villivilli absorb nutrients. Then blood and absorb nutrients. Then blood and Lymph Lymph fluidfluid inside the inside the villivilli carry the nutrients to the carry the nutrients to the rest of the body.rest of the body.

The large intestine is shorter than the The large intestine is shorter than the small intestine. It is called “Large” because it small intestine. It is called “Large” because it is wider than the small intestine. About 18-30 is wider than the small intestine. About 18-30 hours pass between when food is eaten to hours pass between when food is eaten to when it is passes through the large intestine when it is passes through the large intestine and out of the body as waste.and out of the body as waste.

The circulatory system The circulatory system could not function without could not function without blood. Blood has many blood. Blood has many special parts that help special parts that help keep the body healthy. keep the body healthy. There are two main kinds There are two main kinds of cell in theof cell in the

The circulatory system The circulatory system could not function without could not function without blood. Blood has many blood. Blood has many special parts that help special parts that help keep the body healthy. keep the body healthy. There are two main kinds There are two main kinds of cell in theof cell in the

THE BLOODTHE BLOODTHE BLOODTHE BLOOD

blood. blood. Red blood cellsRed blood cells carry oxygen. These cells are shaped like carry oxygen. These cells are shaped like donuts without the hole. They contain a special donuts without the hole. They contain a special protein called protein called hemoglobinhemoglobin. . HemoglobinHemoglobin holds holds on the oxygen. This allows the red blood cells on the oxygen. This allows the red blood cells to carry oxygen through the body. to carry oxygen through the body.

blood. blood. Red blood cellsRed blood cells carry oxygen. These cells are shaped like carry oxygen. These cells are shaped like donuts without the hole. They contain a special donuts without the hole. They contain a special protein called protein called hemoglobinhemoglobin. . HemoglobinHemoglobin holds holds on the oxygen. This allows the red blood cells on the oxygen. This allows the red blood cells to carry oxygen through the body. to carry oxygen through the body.

PlateletsPlatelets are another are another important part of the important part of the blood. blood. PlateletsPlatelets are are sticky. They help from sticky. They help from blood clots. When you blood clots. When you cut yourself, platelets cut yourself, platelets rush to the injury. rush to the injury.

PlateletsPlatelets are another are another important part of the important part of the blood. blood. PlateletsPlatelets are are sticky. They help from sticky. They help from blood clots. When you blood clots. When you cut yourself, platelets cut yourself, platelets rush to the injury. rush to the injury. There There

they stick to the edges of the cut. This they stick to the edges of the cut. This forms a scab that stops the bleeding. forms a scab that stops the bleeding.

More than half of blood is made of a More than half of blood is made of a liquid called liquid called plasmaplasma. . PlasmaPlasma is mostly is mostly water. It also contains sugar, salts, proteins water. It also contains sugar, salts, proteins and other chemicals.and other chemicals.

There There they stick to the edges of the cut. This they stick to the edges of the cut. This forms a scab that stops the bleeding. forms a scab that stops the bleeding.

More than half of blood is made of a More than half of blood is made of a liquid called liquid called plasmaplasma. . PlasmaPlasma is mostly is mostly water. It also contains sugar, salts, proteins water. It also contains sugar, salts, proteins and other chemicals.and other chemicals.

THE LIVERTHE LIVERTHE LIVERTHE LIVER

The The liverliver is the largest internal organ in is the largest internal organ in the human body, located at the top of the the human body, located at the top of the abdomen on the right side of the body. A abdomen on the right side of the body. A dark red organ with a spongy texture, the dark red organ with a spongy texture, the liver is divided liver is divided into right and left lobesinto right and left lobesby the falciform ligament. by the falciform ligament. The right lobe is much The right lobe is much bigger than the left lobe. bigger than the left lobe. The liver receives blood The liver receives blood directly from the heart. directly from the heart. This blood makes the liver This blood makes the liver dark red. dark red.

The The liverliver is the largest internal organ in is the largest internal organ in the human body, located at the top of the the human body, located at the top of the abdomen on the right side of the body. A abdomen on the right side of the body. A dark red organ with a spongy texture, the dark red organ with a spongy texture, the liver is divided liver is divided into right and left lobesinto right and left lobesby the falciform ligament. by the falciform ligament. The right lobe is much The right lobe is much bigger than the left lobe. bigger than the left lobe. The liver receives blood The liver receives blood directly from the heart. directly from the heart. This blood makes the liver This blood makes the liver dark red. dark red.

Inside the liver are about 50,000 tiny Inside the liver are about 50,000 tiny structure called structure called lobuleslobules. These lobules break down . These lobules break down the digested nutrients. They also store the digested nutrients. They also store sugarssugars, , fatsfats, , vitaminsvitamins and and mineralsminerals. Then they release . Then they release these substances into the body whenever the body these substances into the body whenever the body needs them to keep working efficiently. The liver needs them to keep working efficiently. The liver performs more than 500 functions including the performs more than 500 functions including the production of a digestive liquid called the production of a digestive liquid called the bilebile that that plays the role in the breakdown of fats in food. Bile plays the role in the breakdown of fats in food. Bile from the liver passes through the from the liver passes through the hepatic ducthepatic duct into into the the gallbladdergallbladder, where it is stored. , where it is stored.

The liver does more than just help with The liver does more than just help with digestion. It also removes old cells and working digestion. It also removes old cells and working normally. normally.

Answer the Activity 2-7 if you can remember Answer the Activity 2-7 if you can remember the other important organs of our bodythe other important organs of our body

Inside the liver are about 50,000 tiny Inside the liver are about 50,000 tiny structure called structure called lobuleslobules. These lobules break down . These lobules break down the digested nutrients. They also store the digested nutrients. They also store sugarssugars, , fatsfats, , vitaminsvitamins and and mineralsminerals. Then they release . Then they release these substances into the body whenever the body these substances into the body whenever the body needs them to keep working efficiently. The liver needs them to keep working efficiently. The liver performs more than 500 functions including the performs more than 500 functions including the production of a digestive liquid called the production of a digestive liquid called the bilebile that that plays the role in the breakdown of fats in food. Bile plays the role in the breakdown of fats in food. Bile from the liver passes through the from the liver passes through the hepatic ducthepatic duct into into the the gallbladdergallbladder, where it is stored. , where it is stored.

The liver does more than just help with The liver does more than just help with digestion. It also removes old cells and working digestion. It also removes old cells and working normally. normally.

Answer the Activity 2-7 if you can remember Answer the Activity 2-7 if you can remember the other important organs of our bodythe other important organs of our body

Name: ___________________________ Date. ____________Name: ___________________________ Date. ____________Grade:___________________________ Score: ___________Grade:___________________________ Score: ___________Name: ___________________________ Date. ____________Name: ___________________________ Date. ____________Grade:___________________________ Score: ___________Grade:___________________________ Score: ___________

Activity 2-7Activity 2-7ORGAN CROSSWORDORGAN CROSSWORD

Direction: Identify the following by fill in the boxes Direction: Identify the following by fill in the boxes across and downacross and down

Activity 2-7Activity 2-7ORGAN CROSSWORDORGAN CROSSWORD

Direction: Identify the following by fill in the boxes Direction: Identify the following by fill in the boxes across and downacross and down

DOWN:DOWN:

1.A ring that is form in large blood vessels are called circle 1.A ring that is form in large blood vessels are called circle of _______.of _______.

2.Nerve cell inside the brain2.Nerve cell inside the brain

55..The command center of the bodyThe command center of the body

66..The largest organ of the bodyThe largest organ of the body

8.Tiny structures that are found inside the liver8.Tiny structures that are found inside the liver

10.The biggest part of the brain10.The biggest part of the brain

11.The biggest artery of the heart11.The biggest artery of the heart

DOWN:DOWN:

1.A ring that is form in large blood vessels are called circle 1.A ring that is form in large blood vessels are called circle of _______.of _______.

2.Nerve cell inside the brain2.Nerve cell inside the brain

55..The command center of the bodyThe command center of the body

66..The largest organ of the bodyThe largest organ of the body

8.Tiny structures that are found inside the liver8.Tiny structures that are found inside the liver

10.The biggest part of the brain10.The biggest part of the brain

11.The biggest artery of the heart11.The biggest artery of the heartACROSSACROSS

3.Back part of the brain that controls balance and 3.Back part of the brain that controls balance and movementmovement

4.The pulmonary artery carries the ______ to the lungs.4.The pulmonary artery carries the ______ to the lungs.

7.The bottom part of the heart7.The bottom part of the heart

9.A thick liquid that was formed from breaking down of food9.A thick liquid that was formed from breaking down of food

12.It pumps the blood throughout the body 12.It pumps the blood throughout the body

13.Top part of the heart13.Top part of the heart

14.14. A muscular bag of digestive juicesA muscular bag of digestive juices

ACROSSACROSS

3.Back part of the brain that controls balance and 3.Back part of the brain that controls balance and movementmovement

4.The pulmonary artery carries the ______ to the lungs.4.The pulmonary artery carries the ______ to the lungs.

7.The bottom part of the heart7.The bottom part of the heart

9.A thick liquid that was formed from breaking down of food9.A thick liquid that was formed from breaking down of food

12.It pumps the blood throughout the body 12.It pumps the blood throughout the body

13.Top part of the heart13.Top part of the heart

14.14. A muscular bag of digestive juicesA muscular bag of digestive juices

A.Name Your Body PartsA.Name Your Body Parts Draw and label the different organs of our body Draw and label the different organs of our body

according to its correct position. according to its correct position.

11. . Digestive SystemDigestive System 2. Respiratory System2. Respiratory System 3. 3. Circulatory SystemCirculatory System 4. 4. Skeletal SystemSkeletal System 5. 5. Muscular SystemMuscular System 6.6.Nervous SystemNervous System 7.7.HeartHeart 8.8.LiverLiver 9.9.BloodBlood 10.10.StomachStomach 11.Brain11.Brain

11. . Digestive SystemDigestive System 2. Respiratory System2. Respiratory System 3. 3. Circulatory SystemCirculatory System 4. 4. Skeletal SystemSkeletal System 5. 5. Muscular SystemMuscular System 6.6.Nervous SystemNervous System 7.7.HeartHeart 8.8.LiverLiver 9.9.BloodBlood 10.10.StomachStomach 11.Brain11.Brain

B. B. Define the followingDefine the following.B. B. Define the followingDefine the following.

C. C. .Interactive ActivityInteractive ActivityForm into two groups. Choose one of the Form into two groups. Choose one of the

systems mentioned in this module. Draw the different systems mentioned in this module. Draw the different parts of the system you have chosen. Make a skit of parts of the system you have chosen. Make a skit of how one system processhow one system process..

C. C. .Interactive ActivityInteractive ActivityForm into two groups. Choose one of the Form into two groups. Choose one of the

systems mentioned in this module. Draw the different systems mentioned in this module. Draw the different parts of the system you have chosen. Make a skit of parts of the system you have chosen. Make a skit of how one system processhow one system process..

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Home ContentsNext

We have special senses We have special senses in our body. These are the in our body. These are the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin. These parts are important skin. These parts are important in the body and it is called as in the body and it is called as the the sense organssense organs. .

Therefore, the eyes, ears, Therefore, the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin are nose, tongue and skin are made up of cells and tissues. made up of cells and tissues. These are the sense organs These are the sense organs that are the windows of the that are the windows of the body. Through the sense body. Through the sense organs we come to know what organs we come to know what is happening around us. is happening around us.

We have special senses We have special senses in our body. These are the in our body. These are the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin. These parts are important skin. These parts are important in the body and it is called as in the body and it is called as the the sense organssense organs. .

Therefore, the eyes, ears, Therefore, the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin are nose, tongue and skin are made up of cells and tissues. made up of cells and tissues. These are the sense organs These are the sense organs that are the windows of the that are the windows of the body. Through the sense body. Through the sense organs we come to know what organs we come to know what is happening around us. is happening around us.

MODULE 2MODULE 2 SENSE ORGANS SENSE ORGANSMODULE 2MODULE 2 SENSE ORGANS SENSE ORGANS

ContentsNext

We are blessed because God has given We are blessed because God has given us the different sense organs. He made us us the different sense organs. He made us with complete physical feature. Without with complete physical feature. Without these organs we cannot enjoy our life these organs we cannot enjoy our life living in this world.living in this world.

  

Can you tell what the different senses Can you tell what the different senses are? What are their functions? are? What are their functions?

In this module you will discover how In this module you will discover how important our senses are.important our senses are.

We are blessed because God has given We are blessed because God has given us the different sense organs. He made us us the different sense organs. He made us with complete physical feature. Without with complete physical feature. Without these organs we cannot enjoy our life these organs we cannot enjoy our life living in this world.living in this world.

  

Can you tell what the different senses Can you tell what the different senses are? What are their functions? are? What are their functions?

In this module you will discover how In this module you will discover how important our senses are.important our senses are.

LESSON 11LESSON 11EYESEYES

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student must At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to:be able to:Define what is eyeDefine what is eyeName and identify the parts of the eye.Name and identify the parts of the eye.Enumerate the different eye ailments and Enumerate the different eye ailments and defectsdefectsTell and practice the proper caring and Tell and practice the proper caring and preventing the common ailments of the eye.preventing the common ailments of the eye.

LESSON 11LESSON 11EYESEYES

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student must At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to:be able to:Define what is eyeDefine what is eyeName and identify the parts of the eye.Name and identify the parts of the eye.Enumerate the different eye ailments and Enumerate the different eye ailments and defectsdefectsTell and practice the proper caring and Tell and practice the proper caring and preventing the common ailments of the eye.preventing the common ailments of the eye.

All of the information in the body comes All of the information in the body comes through the senses. The most important sense is through the senses. The most important sense is vision or sightvision or sight. The sense organ of sight is the. The sense organ of sight is the eyeseyes. .

All of the information in the body comes All of the information in the body comes through the senses. The most important sense is through the senses. The most important sense is vision or sightvision or sight. The sense organ of sight is the. The sense organ of sight is the eyeseyes. . BackNext

Eye is the light-sensitive organ of vision in Eye is the light-sensitive organ of vision in animals. The eyes of various species vary from animals. The eyes of various species vary from simple structures that are capable only of simple structures that are capable only of differentiating between light and dark to complex differentiating between light and dark to complex organs, such as those of humans and other organs, such as those of humans and other mammals, that can distinguish minute variations mammals, that can distinguish minute variations of shape, color, brightness, and distance. The of shape, color, brightness, and distance. The actual process of seeing is performed by the actual process of seeing is performed by the brain rather than by the eye. Two – thirds of the brain rather than by the eye. Two – thirds of the information stored in the brain comes from what information stored in the brain comes from what you see. The eyes let us see the world. They’re you see. The eyes let us see the world. They’re like a camera that captures images and works like a camera that captures images and works with the brain to make sense of what we see. The with the brain to make sense of what we see. The function of the eye is to translate the function of the eye is to translate the electromagnetic vibrations of light into patterns electromagnetic vibrations of light into patterns of nerve impulses that are transmitted to the of nerve impulses that are transmitted to the brain. brain.

Do the next activity 3-1 to test your sense of Do the next activity 3-1 to test your sense of sight.sight.

Eye is the light-sensitive organ of vision in Eye is the light-sensitive organ of vision in animals. The eyes of various species vary from animals. The eyes of various species vary from simple structures that are capable only of simple structures that are capable only of differentiating between light and dark to complex differentiating between light and dark to complex organs, such as those of humans and other organs, such as those of humans and other mammals, that can distinguish minute variations mammals, that can distinguish minute variations of shape, color, brightness, and distance. The of shape, color, brightness, and distance. The actual process of seeing is performed by the actual process of seeing is performed by the brain rather than by the eye. Two – thirds of the brain rather than by the eye. Two – thirds of the information stored in the brain comes from what information stored in the brain comes from what you see. The eyes let us see the world. They’re you see. The eyes let us see the world. They’re like a camera that captures images and works like a camera that captures images and works with the brain to make sense of what we see. The with the brain to make sense of what we see. The function of the eye is to translate the function of the eye is to translate the electromagnetic vibrations of light into patterns electromagnetic vibrations of light into patterns of nerve impulses that are transmitted to the of nerve impulses that are transmitted to the brain. brain.

Do the next activity 3-1 to test your sense of Do the next activity 3-1 to test your sense of sight.sight.

Eyes can develop all types of problems. Eyes can develop all types of problems. Some people are blind, which means that they Some people are blind, which means that they can’t see at all. Lots of people wear glasses or can’t see at all. Lots of people wear glasses or contact lenses to correct their vision. Eye contact lenses to correct their vision. Eye disorders may be classified according to the disorders may be classified according to the part of the eye in which the disorders occur. part of the eye in which the disorders occur. There are ailments and defects of the eye. There are ailments and defects of the eye. Infections can cause eye ailments. It makes Infections can cause eye ailments. It makes the eyes painful because some germs have the eyes painful because some germs have entered them. entered them.

The most common disease of the The most common disease of the eyelids is eyelids is stysty, which is an infection of the , which is an infection of the follicles of the eyelashes, usually caused by follicles of the eyelashes, usually caused by infection by infection by staphylococci.staphylococci. Abscesses of the Abscesses of the eyelids are sometimes the result of eyelids are sometimes the result of penetrating wounds.penetrating wounds.

Eyes can develop all types of problems. Eyes can develop all types of problems. Some people are blind, which means that they Some people are blind, which means that they can’t see at all. Lots of people wear glasses or can’t see at all. Lots of people wear glasses or contact lenses to correct their vision. Eye contact lenses to correct their vision. Eye disorders may be classified according to the disorders may be classified according to the part of the eye in which the disorders occur. part of the eye in which the disorders occur. There are ailments and defects of the eye. There are ailments and defects of the eye. Infections can cause eye ailments. It makes Infections can cause eye ailments. It makes the eyes painful because some germs have the eyes painful because some germs have entered them. entered them.

The most common disease of the The most common disease of the eyelids is eyelids is stysty, which is an infection of the , which is an infection of the follicles of the eyelashes, usually caused by follicles of the eyelashes, usually caused by infection by infection by staphylococci.staphylococci. Abscesses of the Abscesses of the eyelids are sometimes the result of eyelids are sometimes the result of penetrating wounds.penetrating wounds.

Common Defects and Ailments Common Defects and Ailments of the Eyeof the EyeCommon Defects and Ailments Common Defects and Ailments of the Eyeof the Eye

TrachomaTrachoma is an infection of the eyelids. A is an infection of the eyelids. A person with trachoma has tiny granules on the person with trachoma has tiny granules on the membrane of the eyelids. The eyes are red, membrane of the eyelids. The eyes are red, itchy, swollen, watery, and sensitive to light. itchy, swollen, watery, and sensitive to light. Another eye disease is infection of the Another eye disease is infection of the conjunctiva,conjunctiva, the mucous membranes covering the mucous membranes covering the inside of the eyelids and the outside of the the inside of the eyelids and the outside of the eyeball. Another eye disease is the eyeball. Another eye disease is the Sore eyesSore eyes which are caused by infection. When we have which are caused by infection. When we have sore eyes, our eyes become reddish. Light hurts sore eyes, our eyes become reddish. Light hurts them. Some milky discharge has dried. them. Some milky discharge has dried.

There are several eye disorders. The There are several eye disorders. The disorders of the cornea, which may result in a disorders of the cornea, which may result in a loss of transparency and impaired sight, are loss of transparency and impaired sight, are usually the result of injury but may also occur as usually the result of injury but may also occur as a secondary result of disease; for example, a secondary result of disease; for example, edema, or swelling, of the cornea sometimes edema, or swelling, of the cornea sometimes accompanies accompanies glaucomaglaucoma. (Look at Figure 3-2). (Look at Figure 3-2)

TrachomaTrachoma is an infection of the eyelids. A is an infection of the eyelids. A person with trachoma has tiny granules on the person with trachoma has tiny granules on the membrane of the eyelids. The eyes are red, membrane of the eyelids. The eyes are red, itchy, swollen, watery, and sensitive to light. itchy, swollen, watery, and sensitive to light. Another eye disease is infection of the Another eye disease is infection of the conjunctiva,conjunctiva, the mucous membranes covering the mucous membranes covering the inside of the eyelids and the outside of the the inside of the eyelids and the outside of the eyeball. Another eye disease is the eyeball. Another eye disease is the Sore eyesSore eyes which are caused by infection. When we have which are caused by infection. When we have sore eyes, our eyes become reddish. Light hurts sore eyes, our eyes become reddish. Light hurts them. Some milky discharge has dried. them. Some milky discharge has dried.

There are several eye disorders. The There are several eye disorders. The disorders of the cornea, which may result in a disorders of the cornea, which may result in a loss of transparency and impaired sight, are loss of transparency and impaired sight, are usually the result of injury but may also occur as usually the result of injury but may also occur as a secondary result of disease; for example, a secondary result of disease; for example, edema, or swelling, of the cornea sometimes edema, or swelling, of the cornea sometimes accompanies accompanies glaucomaglaucoma. (Look at Figure 3-2). (Look at Figure 3-2)

Have you seen people who are cross-eyed? Have you seen people who are cross-eyed? When the two eyes cross each other the defect is When the two eyes cross each other the defect is called called cross-eye.cross-eye. It is sometimes called It is sometimes called squint or squint or strabismusstrabismus. When the eyes move away from each . When the eyes move away from each other the defect is called other the defect is called wall-eye.wall-eye.

Have you seen people who are cross-eyed? Have you seen people who are cross-eyed? When the two eyes cross each other the defect is When the two eyes cross each other the defect is called called cross-eye.cross-eye. It is sometimes called It is sometimes called squint or squint or strabismusstrabismus. When the eyes move away from each . When the eyes move away from each other the defect is called other the defect is called wall-eye.wall-eye.

People who can read and see objects at a normal People who can read and see objects at a normal distance have normal vision.distance have normal vision.

Have you seen people who can see better if the Have you seen people who can see better if the objects far from them? This defect is called objects far from them? This defect is called farsighted.farsighted. There are also those who see better when There are also those who see better when the object is very close to their eyes. This defect is the object is very close to their eyes. This defect is called called nearsightednearsighted..

Can you identify now the different eye disorders? Can you identify now the different eye disorders? Answer the next activity if you can name them.Answer the next activity if you can name them.

People who can read and see objects at a normal People who can read and see objects at a normal distance have normal vision.distance have normal vision.

Have you seen people who can see better if the Have you seen people who can see better if the objects far from them? This defect is called objects far from them? This defect is called farsighted.farsighted. There are also those who see better when There are also those who see better when the object is very close to their eyes. This defect is the object is very close to their eyes. This defect is called called nearsightednearsighted..

Can you identify now the different eye disorders? Can you identify now the different eye disorders? Answer the next activity if you can name them.Answer the next activity if you can name them.

How to Take Care of the EyesHow to Take Care of the EyesHow to Take Care of the EyesHow to Take Care of the Eyes To avoid these ailments and blindness, the To avoid these ailments and blindness, the following are the things we can do in taking care of the following are the things we can do in taking care of the eyes.eyes.Eat foods rich in Vitamin A such as carrots, squash Eat foods rich in Vitamin A such as carrots, squash and other yellow fruits and vegetables.and other yellow fruits and vegetables.When something gets into the eyes, put clean water in When something gets into the eyes, put clean water in a basin. Wash the eyes by opening and closing them in a basin. Wash the eyes by opening and closing them in the water. the water. Read and do work under a good lightRead and do work under a good lightWhen reading, raise the eyes from the page once in a When reading, raise the eyes from the page once in a while.while.Do not rub your eyes with the fingers or with a dirty Do not rub your eyes with the fingers or with a dirty handkerchiefhandkerchiefBe careful when using scissors, knives, nails or Be careful when using scissors, knives, nails or sticks. Sharp or pointed objects may harm the eyes.sticks. Sharp or pointed objects may harm the eyes.Do not read when lying down or in a moving vehicle.Do not read when lying down or in a moving vehicle.When watching television, do not get too close to the When watching television, do not get too close to the screen.screen.

To avoid these ailments and blindness, the To avoid these ailments and blindness, the following are the things we can do in taking care of the following are the things we can do in taking care of the eyes.eyes.Eat foods rich in Vitamin A such as carrots, squash Eat foods rich in Vitamin A such as carrots, squash and other yellow fruits and vegetables.and other yellow fruits and vegetables.When something gets into the eyes, put clean water in When something gets into the eyes, put clean water in a basin. Wash the eyes by opening and closing them in a basin. Wash the eyes by opening and closing them in the water. the water. Read and do work under a good lightRead and do work under a good lightWhen reading, raise the eyes from the page once in a When reading, raise the eyes from the page once in a while.while.Do not rub your eyes with the fingers or with a dirty Do not rub your eyes with the fingers or with a dirty handkerchiefhandkerchiefBe careful when using scissors, knives, nails or Be careful when using scissors, knives, nails or sticks. Sharp or pointed objects may harm the eyes.sticks. Sharp or pointed objects may harm the eyes.Do not read when lying down or in a moving vehicle.Do not read when lying down or in a moving vehicle.When watching television, do not get too close to the When watching television, do not get too close to the screen.screen.

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Remember…Your eyes are important Your eyes are important

sense organs. Take good sense organs. Take good care of them.care of them.

““Be not wise in your own Be not wise in your own eyes: fear the Lord, and eyes: fear the Lord, and depart from evil.” depart from evil.” ProverbsProverbs 3:7 3:7

Remember…Your eyes are important Your eyes are important

sense organs. Take good sense organs. Take good care of them.care of them.

““Be not wise in your own Be not wise in your own eyes: fear the Lord, and eyes: fear the Lord, and depart from evil.” depart from evil.” ProverbsProverbs 3:7 3:7

DO YOU KNOW THAT…?The white part of the eye is called

SCLERA

Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________

Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________

ACTIVITY 3-1ACTIVITY 3-1Look at me!Look at me!

Direction:Direction: Look at the pictures. Write on the blank Look at the pictures. Write on the blank the shape of each object.the shape of each object.

ACTIVITY 3-1ACTIVITY 3-1Look at me!Look at me!

Direction:Direction: Look at the pictures. Write on the blank Look at the pictures. Write on the blank the shape of each object.the shape of each object.

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Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________

Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________

ACTIVITY 3-2ACTIVITY 3-2The Eye DisordersThe Eye Disorders

Direction: Match the eye disorders and diseases Direction: Match the eye disorders and diseases description of column A to the common term of column B.description of column A to the common term of column B.

ACTIVITY 3-2ACTIVITY 3-2The Eye DisordersThe Eye Disorders

Direction: Match the eye disorders and diseases Direction: Match the eye disorders and diseases description of column A to the common term of column B.description of column A to the common term of column B.

Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________

Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________

ACTIVITY 3-3ACTIVITY 3-3

Direction: Observe your environment. Answer the Direction: Observe your environment. Answer the following question.following question.

ACTIVITY 3-3ACTIVITY 3-3

Direction: Observe your environment. Answer the Direction: Observe your environment. Answer the following question.following question.

1.1.What makes the things around us beautiful? What makes the things around us beautiful? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1.1.What makes the things around us beautiful? What makes the things around us beautiful? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.2.What help us to appreciate the beauty of our What help us to appreciate the beauty of our nature?nature?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.2.What help us to appreciate the beauty of our What help us to appreciate the beauty of our nature?nature?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.3.How important it is to take good care of our eyes? How important it is to take good care of our eyes? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.3.How important it is to take good care of our eyes? How important it is to take good care of our eyes? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

LESSON 12LESSON 12EARSEARS

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student must At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to:be able to:Define what is earDefine what is earName and identify the parts of the earName and identify the parts of the earEnumerate the different ear ailments and Enumerate the different ear ailments and defectsdefectsTell and practice the proper caring and Tell and practice the proper caring and preventing the common ailments of the earpreventing the common ailments of the ear

LESSON 12LESSON 12EARSEARS

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student must At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to:be able to:Define what is earDefine what is earName and identify the parts of the earName and identify the parts of the earEnumerate the different ear ailments and Enumerate the different ear ailments and defectsdefectsTell and practice the proper caring and Tell and practice the proper caring and preventing the common ailments of the earpreventing the common ailments of the ear

The ears are the organ of hearing and The ears are the organ of hearing and balance. Only vertebrates, or animals with balance. Only vertebrates, or animals with backbones, have ears.backbones, have ears.

The ears are the organ of hearing and The ears are the organ of hearing and balance. Only vertebrates, or animals with balance. Only vertebrates, or animals with backbones, have ears.backbones, have ears.

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There are many different sounds. The There are many different sounds. The ears and the brain work together in order ears and the brain work together in order that we may hear sounds. Ears serve that we may hear sounds. Ears serve two very importanttwo very important

There are many different sounds. The There are many different sounds. The ears and the brain work together in order ears and the brain work together in order that we may hear sounds. Ears serve that we may hear sounds. Ears serve two very importanttwo very importantpurposes. They help to purposes. They help to hear the sound around hear the sound around us and they keep us us and they keep us balanced. We have two balanced. We have two ears. Each of the ears ears. Each of the ears has the same parts. has the same parts. The picture on Figure The picture on Figure 3-4 shows the main 3-4 shows the main parts of the ear.parts of the ear.

purposes. They help to purposes. They help to hear the sound around hear the sound around us and they keep us us and they keep us balanced. We have two balanced. We have two ears. Each of the ears ears. Each of the ears has the same parts. has the same parts. The picture on Figure The picture on Figure 3-4 shows the main 3-4 shows the main parts of the ear.parts of the ear.

Parts of the Ears and their Parts of the Ears and their FunctionsFunctions

Observe the diagram of the parts of Observe the diagram of the parts of the ear carefullythe ear carefully.

Parts of the Ears and their Parts of the Ears and their FunctionsFunctions

Observe the diagram of the parts of Observe the diagram of the parts of the ear carefullythe ear carefully.

What is the function of each part?What is the function of each part?What is the function of each part?What is the function of each part?

When an object makes a noise, it sends When an object makes a noise, it sends sound waves through the ear. These vibrations sound waves through the ear. These vibrations are channeled into the are channeled into the ear canalear canal where they where they strike the eardrum. The three main parts of the strike the eardrum. The three main parts of the ear are the outer ear, the middle ear and the ear are the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The inner ear. The outer earouter ear is separated from the is separated from the middle ear by a thin membrane called middle ear by a thin membrane called eardrumeardrum. . The eardrum vibrates and sets off a chain The eardrum vibrates and sets off a chain reaction. These vibrations travel into the inner reaction. These vibrations travel into the inner ear and make tiny hairs inside the ear vibrate, ear and make tiny hairs inside the ear vibrate, too. When these hairs move, they create nerve too. When these hairs move, they create nerve signals. These signals then travel to the brain. signals. These signals then travel to the brain. The eardrum is vibrating the The eardrum is vibrating the three smallest three smallest bonesbones in the body: the in the body: the hammerhammer, then the , then the anvilanvil and finally the and finally the stirrup or stapesstirrup or stapes. .

When an object makes a noise, it sends When an object makes a noise, it sends sound waves through the ear. These vibrations sound waves through the ear. These vibrations are channeled into the are channeled into the ear canalear canal where they where they strike the eardrum. The three main parts of the strike the eardrum. The three main parts of the ear are the outer ear, the middle ear and the ear are the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The inner ear. The outer earouter ear is separated from the is separated from the middle ear by a thin membrane called middle ear by a thin membrane called eardrumeardrum. . The eardrum vibrates and sets off a chain The eardrum vibrates and sets off a chain reaction. These vibrations travel into the inner reaction. These vibrations travel into the inner ear and make tiny hairs inside the ear vibrate, ear and make tiny hairs inside the ear vibrate, too. When these hairs move, they create nerve too. When these hairs move, they create nerve signals. These signals then travel to the brain. signals. These signals then travel to the brain. The eardrum is vibrating the The eardrum is vibrating the three smallest three smallest bonesbones in the body: the in the body: the hammerhammer, then the , then the anvilanvil and finally the and finally the stirrup or stapesstirrup or stapes. .

These 3 smallest bones are found in the These 3 smallest bones are found in the middle ear. The middle ear. The stirrupstirrup passes the passes the vibrations into a vibrations into a coiled tubecoiled tube in the in the inner inner earear called the called the cochleacochlea that contains fluid that contains fluid and was attached to nerve cells. When the and was attached to nerve cells. When the fluid in the cochlea vibrates, tiny hairs fluid in the cochlea vibrates, tiny hairs called called ciliacilia move and sway. The vibrating move and sway. The vibrating cilia send electrical messages to the brain cilia send electrical messages to the brain via the via the auditory nerveauditory nerve. The inner ear also . The inner ear also helps us keep our balance. Fluid inside the helps us keep our balance. Fluid inside the ear moves when we move. This movement ear moves when we move. This movement sends signals to the brain to tell it what the sends signals to the brain to tell it what the body is doing.body is doing.

These 3 smallest bones are found in the These 3 smallest bones are found in the middle ear. The middle ear. The stirrupstirrup passes the passes the vibrations into a vibrations into a coiled tubecoiled tube in the in the inner inner earear called the called the cochleacochlea that contains fluid that contains fluid and was attached to nerve cells. When the and was attached to nerve cells. When the fluid in the cochlea vibrates, tiny hairs fluid in the cochlea vibrates, tiny hairs called called ciliacilia move and sway. The vibrating move and sway. The vibrating cilia send electrical messages to the brain cilia send electrical messages to the brain via the via the auditory nerveauditory nerve. The inner ear also . The inner ear also helps us keep our balance. Fluid inside the helps us keep our balance. Fluid inside the ear moves when we move. This movement ear moves when we move. This movement sends signals to the brain to tell it what the sends signals to the brain to tell it what the body is doing.body is doing.

Look at the picture of the ear on Look at the picture of the ear on Figure 3-5. Trace the path of the sound Figure 3-5. Trace the path of the sound waves from the outer to the inner ear.waves from the outer to the inner ear.

At the back of the inner ear are the At the back of the inner ear are the nerve cells that are sensitive to sounds. nerve cells that are sensitive to sounds. These nerves carry the message to the These nerves carry the message to the brain. The brain then tells us what kind of brain. The brain then tells us what kind of sounds we hear. Unless the message is sounds we hear. Unless the message is carried to the brain, we will not be able to carried to the brain, we will not be able to hear any sound.hear any sound.

Look at the picture of the ear on Look at the picture of the ear on Figure 3-5. Trace the path of the sound Figure 3-5. Trace the path of the sound waves from the outer to the inner ear.waves from the outer to the inner ear.

At the back of the inner ear are the At the back of the inner ear are the nerve cells that are sensitive to sounds. nerve cells that are sensitive to sounds. These nerves carry the message to the These nerves carry the message to the brain. The brain then tells us what kind of brain. The brain then tells us what kind of sounds we hear. Unless the message is sounds we hear. Unless the message is carried to the brain, we will not be able to carried to the brain, we will not be able to hear any sound.hear any sound.

How the Ears WorkHow the Ears WorkHow the Ears WorkHow the Ears Work

After you read the works and functions After you read the works and functions of the ear, what do you think will happen of the ear, what do you think will happen when the eardrum becomes broken? Is there when the eardrum becomes broken? Is there any effect to our hearing? What do you call any effect to our hearing? What do you call the nerve that sends messages to the brain?the nerve that sends messages to the brain?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

After you read the works and functions After you read the works and functions of the ear, what do you think will happen of the ear, what do you think will happen when the eardrum becomes broken? Is there when the eardrum becomes broken? Is there any effect to our hearing? What do you call any effect to our hearing? What do you call the nerve that sends messages to the brain?the nerve that sends messages to the brain?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Some people have trouble hearing, and Some people have trouble hearing, and some can’t hear it all. some can’t hear it all. Hearing aidsHearing aids can help can help people who are partially people who are partially deafdeaf, but people who are , but people who are entirely deaf have to rely on their other senses to entirely deaf have to rely on their other senses to help process all of the information from the help process all of the information from the world around them. The ears can easily be world around them. The ears can easily be injured with pointed objects and foreign bodies. injured with pointed objects and foreign bodies. When tiny insect and dirt enter the ear, they may When tiny insect and dirt enter the ear, they may much pain. The common ailments of the ears are much pain. The common ailments of the ears are ear discharge and inflammationear discharge and inflammation. When the ears . When the ears have infection due to colds, a milky discharge have infection due to colds, a milky discharge with bad smell may come out. with bad smell may come out. BoilsBoils are also are also common on the outer ear. When infection and common on the outer ear. When infection and inflammation occur we will have an earache.inflammation occur we will have an earache.

Some people have trouble hearing, and Some people have trouble hearing, and some can’t hear it all. some can’t hear it all. Hearing aidsHearing aids can help can help people who are partially people who are partially deafdeaf, but people who are , but people who are entirely deaf have to rely on their other senses to entirely deaf have to rely on their other senses to help process all of the information from the help process all of the information from the world around them. The ears can easily be world around them. The ears can easily be injured with pointed objects and foreign bodies. injured with pointed objects and foreign bodies. When tiny insect and dirt enter the ear, they may When tiny insect and dirt enter the ear, they may much pain. The common ailments of the ears are much pain. The common ailments of the ears are ear discharge and inflammationear discharge and inflammation. When the ears . When the ears have infection due to colds, a milky discharge have infection due to colds, a milky discharge with bad smell may come out. with bad smell may come out. BoilsBoils are also are also common on the outer ear. When infection and common on the outer ear. When infection and inflammation occur we will have an earache.inflammation occur we will have an earache.

Common Defects and Ailments Common Defects and Ailments of the Earsof the EarsCommon Defects and Ailments Common Defects and Ailments of the Earsof the Ears

Ear injuries and infection may cause Ear injuries and infection may cause deafness. They affect the eardrum. When deafness. They affect the eardrum. When the eardrum breaks, the person might the eardrum breaks, the person might become partially or totally deaf.become partially or totally deaf.

Ear injuries and infection may cause Ear injuries and infection may cause deafness. They affect the eardrum. When deafness. They affect the eardrum. When the eardrum breaks, the person might the eardrum breaks, the person might become partially or totally deaf.become partially or totally deaf.

Have you met a deaf person? Have Have you met a deaf person? Have you talked with them? In what way do they you talked with them? In what way do they communicate with you?communicate with you?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Have you met a deaf person? Have Have you met a deaf person? Have you talked with them? In what way do they you talked with them? In what way do they communicate with you?communicate with you?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

How to take Care of the EarsHow to take Care of the EarsEars are delicate, so take care of them. But Ears are delicate, so take care of them. But

how do we take care of our ears? The following how do we take care of our ears? The following are some tips in taking care of the ear.are some tips in taking care of the ear.

Always clean your outer ear.Always clean your outer ear.

Never use clips or toothpicks to clean the Never use clips or toothpicks to clean the ears. Use cotton buds or soft cloth instead.ears. Use cotton buds or soft cloth instead.

Do not allow your playmates to shout into Do not allow your playmates to shout into the ears.the ears.

When playing, take care that hard objects do When playing, take care that hard objects do not hit the ears.not hit the ears.

Ask your mother to take you to doctor if you Ask your mother to take you to doctor if you have any ear problem. have any ear problem.

Wear earplugs if you’re exposed to loud Wear earplugs if you’re exposed to loud sounds like constructionsounds like construction

How to take Care of the EarsHow to take Care of the EarsEars are delicate, so take care of them. But Ears are delicate, so take care of them. But

how do we take care of our ears? The following how do we take care of our ears? The following are some tips in taking care of the ear.are some tips in taking care of the ear.

Always clean your outer ear.Always clean your outer ear.

Never use clips or toothpicks to clean the Never use clips or toothpicks to clean the ears. Use cotton buds or soft cloth instead.ears. Use cotton buds or soft cloth instead.

Do not allow your playmates to shout into Do not allow your playmates to shout into the ears.the ears.

When playing, take care that hard objects do When playing, take care that hard objects do not hit the ears.not hit the ears.

Ask your mother to take you to doctor if you Ask your mother to take you to doctor if you have any ear problem. have any ear problem.

Wear earplugs if you’re exposed to loud Wear earplugs if you’re exposed to loud sounds like constructionsounds like construction

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DO YOU KNOW DO YOU KNOW THAT…?THAT…?

Your ear is connected Your ear is connected to the back of your to the back of your throat by the throat by the Eustachian tube.Eustachian tube. Your ear is made up Your ear is made up of soft bones called of soft bones called cartilagecartilage and the and the ossiclesossicles are the bones are the bones of it, which is the of it, which is the smallest bone in our smallest bone in our body.body.

DO YOU KNOW DO YOU KNOW THAT…?THAT…?

Your ear is connected Your ear is connected to the back of your to the back of your throat by the throat by the Eustachian tube.Eustachian tube. Your ear is made up Your ear is made up of soft bones called of soft bones called cartilagecartilage and the and the ossiclesossicles are the bones are the bones of it, which is the of it, which is the smallest bone in our smallest bone in our body.body.

Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________

Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________

ACTIVITY 3-4ACTIVITY 3-4

Ears Hear SoundsEars Hear SoundsDirection: Draw 5 objects that are sources of sound. Direction: Draw 5 objects that are sources of sound. Group them into soft and loud sound. Write them on Group them into soft and loud sound. Write them on the box below.the box below.

ACTIVITY 3-4ACTIVITY 3-4

Ears Hear SoundsEars Hear SoundsDirection: Draw 5 objects that are sources of sound. Direction: Draw 5 objects that are sources of sound. Group them into soft and loud sound. Write them on Group them into soft and loud sound. Write them on the box below.the box below.

SOFT SOUNDSOFT SOUND LOUD SOUNDLOUD SOUND

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Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________

Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________

ACTIVITY 3-5ACTIVITY 3-5

Parts of the Ear Parts of the Ear Direction: Fill in the missing parts of the ear. Divide Direction: Fill in the missing parts of the ear. Divide

the diagram by labeling the three main parts of the ear.the diagram by labeling the three main parts of the ear.

ACTIVITY 3-5ACTIVITY 3-5

Parts of the Ear Parts of the Ear Direction: Fill in the missing parts of the ear. Divide Direction: Fill in the missing parts of the ear. Divide

the diagram by labeling the three main parts of the ear.the diagram by labeling the three main parts of the ear.

LESSON 13LESSON 13NOSENOSE

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student must At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to:be able to:Define what is noseDefine what is noseName and identify the parts of the noseName and identify the parts of the noseTell and practice the proper caring and Tell and practice the proper caring and preventing the common ailments and preventing the common ailments and defects of the nosedefects of the nose

LESSON 13LESSON 13NOSENOSE

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student must At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to:be able to:Define what is noseDefine what is noseName and identify the parts of the noseName and identify the parts of the noseTell and practice the proper caring and Tell and practice the proper caring and preventing the common ailments and preventing the common ailments and defects of the nosedefects of the nose

The nose is the sense organ that helps us tell The nose is the sense organ that helps us tell the odor of the things around us. Smell is a powerful the odor of the things around us. Smell is a powerful thing. We can smell things because there is a patch thing. We can smell things because there is a patch of special cells inside the nose. of special cells inside the nose.

The nose is the sense organ that helps us tell The nose is the sense organ that helps us tell the odor of the things around us. Smell is a powerful the odor of the things around us. Smell is a powerful thing. We can smell things because there is a patch thing. We can smell things because there is a patch of special cells inside the nose. of special cells inside the nose.

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These cells detect odors in the air and send These cells detect odors in the air and send the information along a nerve to the brain. In the information along a nerve to the brain. In the the external partexternal part are the are the bridgebridge, the , the tiptip and and the the nostrilsnostrils where the hair and the cilia are where the hair and the cilia are located. In the located. In the internal partinternal part are the are the nerve nerve cellscells and the and the olfactory nervesolfactory nerves. Hairs in the . Hairs in the nostrils filter all kinds of things trying to nostrils filter all kinds of things trying to enter our nose, even bugs! Past to the enter our nose, even bugs! Past to the nostrils, air moves through a thick layer of nostrils, air moves through a thick layer of mucus to olfactory nerve to the brain. We mucus to olfactory nerve to the brain. We are able to identify some objects because of are able to identify some objects because of their smell by means of our brain. We say their smell by means of our brain. We say that they are sweet, sour, bitter, pungent or that they are sweet, sour, bitter, pungent or odorless.odorless.

These cells detect odors in the air and send These cells detect odors in the air and send the information along a nerve to the brain. In the information along a nerve to the brain. In the the external partexternal part are the are the bridgebridge, the , the tiptip and and the the nostrilsnostrils where the hair and the cilia are where the hair and the cilia are located. In the located. In the internal partinternal part are the are the nerve nerve cellscells and the and the olfactory nervesolfactory nerves. Hairs in the . Hairs in the nostrils filter all kinds of things trying to nostrils filter all kinds of things trying to enter our nose, even bugs! Past to the enter our nose, even bugs! Past to the nostrils, air moves through a thick layer of nostrils, air moves through a thick layer of mucus to olfactory nerve to the brain. We mucus to olfactory nerve to the brain. We are able to identify some objects because of are able to identify some objects because of their smell by means of our brain. We say their smell by means of our brain. We say that they are sweet, sour, bitter, pungent or that they are sweet, sour, bitter, pungent or odorless.odorless.

Parts of the NoseParts of the NoseParts of the NoseParts of the NoseObserve the diagram of the nose.Observe the diagram of the nose.Observe the diagram of the nose.Observe the diagram of the nose.

As you look back at the picture above, what are the As you look back at the picture above, what are the two openings of the nose? What do you call the nerve cells two openings of the nose? What do you call the nerve cells of the nose that are connected to the brain? Why are the of the nose that are connected to the brain? Why are the hair and mucous membrane in the nose important? hair and mucous membrane in the nose important? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

As you look back at the picture above, what are the As you look back at the picture above, what are the two openings of the nose? What do you call the nerve cells two openings of the nose? What do you call the nerve cells of the nose that are connected to the brain? Why are the of the nose that are connected to the brain? Why are the hair and mucous membrane in the nose important? hair and mucous membrane in the nose important? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The nose has nerve cells. The eyes The nose has nerve cells. The eyes have nerve cells too. As we look at the fried have nerve cells too. As we look at the fried chicken, the nerve cells of the eyes carry the chicken, the nerve cells of the eyes carry the message to the spinal cord and then to the message to the spinal cord and then to the brain. The air particles from the chicken brain. The air particles from the chicken touch the nerve cells in our nose. The touch the nerve cells in our nose. The message is also carried to the brain. The message is also carried to the brain. The brain tells us that we see and smell delicious brain tells us that we see and smell delicious fried chicken. Then we feel a desire to eat it. fried chicken. Then we feel a desire to eat it. All these things happen very quickly. The All these things happen very quickly. The message is carried to and from the brain in message is carried to and from the brain in less than one second.less than one second.

The nose has nerve cells. The eyes The nose has nerve cells. The eyes have nerve cells too. As we look at the fried have nerve cells too. As we look at the fried chicken, the nerve cells of the eyes carry the chicken, the nerve cells of the eyes carry the message to the spinal cord and then to the message to the spinal cord and then to the brain. The air particles from the chicken brain. The air particles from the chicken touch the nerve cells in our nose. The touch the nerve cells in our nose. The message is also carried to the brain. The message is also carried to the brain. The brain tells us that we see and smell delicious brain tells us that we see and smell delicious fried chicken. Then we feel a desire to eat it. fried chicken. Then we feel a desire to eat it. All these things happen very quickly. The All these things happen very quickly. The message is carried to and from the brain in message is carried to and from the brain in less than one second.less than one second.

How the nose works?How the nose works?How the nose works?How the nose works?

As you analyze the statement above, how can you As you analyze the statement above, how can you tell the smell of the food? What other sense organ helps tell the smell of the food? What other sense organ helps you identified the object? What touches the cells of the you identified the object? What touches the cells of the nose that carry the message to the brain? What happens nose that carry the message to the brain? What happens next when you see and smell the food?next when you see and smell the food?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

As you analyze the statement above, how can you As you analyze the statement above, how can you tell the smell of the food? What other sense organ helps tell the smell of the food? What other sense organ helps you identified the object? What touches the cells of the you identified the object? What touches the cells of the nose that carry the message to the brain? What happens nose that carry the message to the brain? What happens next when you see and smell the food?next when you see and smell the food?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Common Defects and Common Defects and Ailments of the NoseAilments of the NoseCommon Defects and Common Defects and Ailments of the NoseAilments of the Nose

Cold, common acute infectious disease Cold, common acute infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract, caused by of the upper respiratory tract, caused by more than 100 kinds of viruses. The infection more than 100 kinds of viruses. The infection affects the mucous membranes of the nose affects the mucous membranes of the nose and throat causing such symptoms as nasal and throat causing such symptoms as nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, and congestion and discharge, sore throat, and coughing. These symptoms are typical also coughing. These symptoms are typical also of respiratory infections caused by bacteria, of respiratory infections caused by bacteria, and of allergic conditions such as and of allergic conditions such as hay feverhay fever and and asthmaasthma; therefore, the common cold is ; therefore, the common cold is difficult to diagnose with certainty.difficult to diagnose with certainty.

Cold, common acute infectious disease Cold, common acute infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract, caused by of the upper respiratory tract, caused by more than 100 kinds of viruses. The infection more than 100 kinds of viruses. The infection affects the mucous membranes of the nose affects the mucous membranes of the nose and throat causing such symptoms as nasal and throat causing such symptoms as nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, and congestion and discharge, sore throat, and coughing. These symptoms are typical also coughing. These symptoms are typical also of respiratory infections caused by bacteria, of respiratory infections caused by bacteria, and of allergic conditions such as and of allergic conditions such as hay feverhay fever and and asthmaasthma; therefore, the common cold is ; therefore, the common cold is difficult to diagnose with certainty.difficult to diagnose with certainty.

Nosebleed, common condition known Nosebleed, common condition known medically as medically as epistaxisepistaxis. A number of different . A number of different factors can cause bleeding from the nose. factors can cause bleeding from the nose. Frequently, nosebleeds occur because of minor Frequently, nosebleeds occur because of minor irritation or injury to the small veins in the septum irritation or injury to the small veins in the septum (the partition that divides the two sides of the (the partition that divides the two sides of the nose). These veins may rupture spontaneously, or nose). These veins may rupture spontaneously, or the rupture may be caused by a sneeze or a cough the rupture may be caused by a sneeze or a cough that raises the blood pressure inside the veins of that raises the blood pressure inside the veins of the nose. the nose.

Nosebleed, common condition known Nosebleed, common condition known medically as medically as epistaxisepistaxis. A number of different . A number of different factors can cause bleeding from the nose. factors can cause bleeding from the nose. Frequently, nosebleeds occur because of minor Frequently, nosebleeds occur because of minor irritation or injury to the small veins in the septum irritation or injury to the small veins in the septum (the partition that divides the two sides of the (the partition that divides the two sides of the nose). These veins may rupture spontaneously, or nose). These veins may rupture spontaneously, or the rupture may be caused by a sneeze or a cough the rupture may be caused by a sneeze or a cough that raises the blood pressure inside the veins of that raises the blood pressure inside the veins of the nose. the nose.

Generally, nosebleeds are not serious and Generally, nosebleeds are not serious and stop in a short time. Occasionally, they may be stop in a short time. Occasionally, they may be caused by more serious underlying diseases, such caused by more serious underlying diseases, such as uncontrolled high blood pressure, infection, as uncontrolled high blood pressure, infection, tumors of the nose, certain cancers (such as tumors of the nose, certain cancers (such as leukemia), or diseases of the blood vessels leukemia), or diseases of the blood vessels themselves.themselves.

Generally, nosebleeds are not serious and Generally, nosebleeds are not serious and stop in a short time. Occasionally, they may be stop in a short time. Occasionally, they may be caused by more serious underlying diseases, such caused by more serious underlying diseases, such as uncontrolled high blood pressure, infection, as uncontrolled high blood pressure, infection, tumors of the nose, certain cancers (such as tumors of the nose, certain cancers (such as leukemia), or diseases of the blood vessels leukemia), or diseases of the blood vessels themselves.themselves.

Caring of the NoseCaring of the NoseCaring of the NoseCaring of the Nose

Same with the other sense organ, nose is a Same with the other sense organ, nose is a delicate organ. It should always be clean. How delicate organ. It should always be clean. How can we take care of our nose?can we take care of our nose?

Clean the nose with a clean handkerchief or Clean the nose with a clean handkerchief or a a soft cloth.soft cloth.

Avoid putting dirty fingers or pointed Avoid putting dirty fingers or pointed objects objects into our nose. These might cause into our nose. These might cause infection.infection.

Avoid smelling unknown substances.Avoid smelling unknown substances.Avoid blowing the nose very hard in Avoid blowing the nose very hard in

removing removing dirt for it is the common causes dirt for it is the common causes of nose injury.of nose injury.

If the nose bleeds, sit with the head up. If the nose bleeds, sit with the head up. Press Press the nose firmly between the thumb the nose firmly between the thumb and and another finger for ten minutes while you another finger for ten minutes while you

breathe through the mouth.breathe through the mouth.

Same with the other sense organ, nose is a Same with the other sense organ, nose is a delicate organ. It should always be clean. How delicate organ. It should always be clean. How can we take care of our nose?can we take care of our nose?

Clean the nose with a clean handkerchief or Clean the nose with a clean handkerchief or a a soft cloth.soft cloth.

Avoid putting dirty fingers or pointed Avoid putting dirty fingers or pointed objects objects into our nose. These might cause into our nose. These might cause infection.infection.

Avoid smelling unknown substances.Avoid smelling unknown substances.Avoid blowing the nose very hard in Avoid blowing the nose very hard in

removing removing dirt for it is the common causes dirt for it is the common causes of nose injury.of nose injury.

If the nose bleeds, sit with the head up. If the nose bleeds, sit with the head up. Press Press the nose firmly between the thumb the nose firmly between the thumb and and another finger for ten minutes while you another finger for ten minutes while you

breathe through the mouth.breathe through the mouth. BackNext

Do the nose and the tongue really work together in our body? Read the facts about the sense of taste, the TONGUE to know the answer of the question.

Do the nose and the tongue really work together in our body? Read the facts about the sense of taste, the TONGUE to know the answer of the question.

Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________

Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________

ACTIVITY 3-6ACTIVITY 3-6

The Nose Can IdentifyThe Nose Can IdentifyDirection: Go to the front. Smell the objects inside the box. Direction: Go to the front. Smell the objects inside the box. Identify the objects then write in the table below. Check if it Identify the objects then write in the table below. Check if it is is pleasantpleasant or or unpleasant odorunpleasant odor..

ACTIVITY 3-6ACTIVITY 3-6

The Nose Can IdentifyThe Nose Can IdentifyDirection: Go to the front. Smell the objects inside the box. Direction: Go to the front. Smell the objects inside the box. Identify the objects then write in the table below. Check if it Identify the objects then write in the table below. Check if it is is pleasantpleasant or or unpleasant odorunpleasant odor..

Object/sObject/s Pleasant OdorPleasant Odor Unpleasant OdorUnpleasant Odor11

22

33

44

55

66

77

88

99

1010

Object/sObject/s Pleasant OdorPleasant Odor Unpleasant OdorUnpleasant Odor11

22

33

44

55

66

77

88

99

1010

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LESSON 14LESSON 14TONGUETONGUE

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student must At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to:be able to:Define what is tongueDefine what is tongueName and identify the parts of the tongueName and identify the parts of the tongueTell and practice the proper caring and Tell and practice the proper caring and preventing the common ailments of the preventing the common ailments of the tonguetongue

LESSON 14LESSON 14TONGUETONGUE

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student must At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to:be able to:Define what is tongueDefine what is tongueName and identify the parts of the tongueName and identify the parts of the tongueTell and practice the proper caring and Tell and practice the proper caring and preventing the common ailments of the preventing the common ailments of the tonguetongue

The tongue is a muscle. It is attached to the The tongue is a muscle. It is attached to the mouth and throat. We can move the tongue in mouth and throat. We can move the tongue in different ways. different ways.

The tongue is a muscle. It is attached to the The tongue is a muscle. It is attached to the mouth and throat. We can move the tongue in mouth and throat. We can move the tongue in different ways. different ways.

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The tongue is covered with thousands of The tongue is covered with thousands of tiny papillaetiny papillae that contain taste buds. When we that contain taste buds. When we eat something, eat something, salivasaliva helps break down the food. helps break down the food. This causes the receptor cells located in the taste This causes the receptor cells located in the taste buds to send messages through sensory nerves buds to send messages through sensory nerves to the brain. The nose helps out by sensing to the brain. The nose helps out by sensing odors and sending its taste in the tongue.odors and sending its taste in the tongue.

The tongue is covered with thousands of The tongue is covered with thousands of tiny papillaetiny papillae that contain taste buds. When we that contain taste buds. When we eat something, eat something, salivasaliva helps break down the food. helps break down the food. This causes the receptor cells located in the taste This causes the receptor cells located in the taste buds to send messages through sensory nerves buds to send messages through sensory nerves to the brain. The nose helps out by sensing to the brain. The nose helps out by sensing odors and sending its taste in the tongue.odors and sending its taste in the tongue.

The taste buds at the The taste buds at the tip of the tonguetip of the tongue taste taste sweet sweet foods; those at thefoods; those at the side side, taste , taste sour and sour and saltysalty foods. At the foods. At the basebase are the taste buds that are the taste buds that taste taste bitterbitter foods. At the foods. At the centercenter of the taste buds of the taste buds is the is the area of no tastearea of no taste. The brain processes this . The brain processes this information from the nose and mouth and decides information from the nose and mouth and decides whether or not you like the flavor.whether or not you like the flavor.

The taste buds at the The taste buds at the tip of the tonguetip of the tongue taste taste sweet sweet foods; those at thefoods; those at the side side, taste , taste sour and sour and saltysalty foods. At the foods. At the basebase are the taste buds that are the taste buds that taste taste bitterbitter foods. At the foods. At the centercenter of the taste buds of the taste buds is the is the area of no tastearea of no taste. The brain processes this . The brain processes this information from the nose and mouth and decides information from the nose and mouth and decides whether or not you like the flavor.whether or not you like the flavor.

How the Tongue WorksHow the Tongue Works

The taste buds are connected to the The taste buds are connected to the nerves. When we place something on our nerves. When we place something on our tongue, the nerves carry the message to the tongue, the nerves carry the message to the brain. The brain tells us the taste of the object. brain. The brain tells us the taste of the object. Then we recognize whether we’re eating Then we recognize whether we’re eating something sweet, sour, salty or bitter.something sweet, sour, salty or bitter.

Observe the parts of the tongue.Observe the parts of the tongue.

The taste buds are connected to the The taste buds are connected to the nerves. When we place something on our nerves. When we place something on our tongue, the nerves carry the message to the tongue, the nerves carry the message to the brain. The brain tells us the taste of the object. brain. The brain tells us the taste of the object. Then we recognize whether we’re eating Then we recognize whether we’re eating something sweet, sour, salty or bitter.something sweet, sour, salty or bitter.

Observe the parts of the tongue.Observe the parts of the tongue.

Sores appear on the tongue sometimes. Sores appear on the tongue sometimes. Eating too much salty or spicy foods may Eating too much salty or spicy foods may cause these sores. We need to take care of our cause these sores. We need to take care of our mouth where the tongue is. What are the mouth where the tongue is. What are the things we need in taking care of our mouth and things we need in taking care of our mouth and tongue?tongue?

Brush the teeth after each meal regularly.Brush the teeth after each meal regularly. Avoid taking in any food or liquid that is Avoid taking in any food or liquid that is too hot or too cold. too hot or too cold. Clean the tongue regularly by cleaning it Clean the tongue regularly by cleaning it with soft, clean cloth. Place it around the with soft, clean cloth. Place it around the finger. Wet it. Gently swab the tongue then finger. Wet it. Gently swab the tongue then gargle water to rinse it.gargle water to rinse it.

Sores appear on the tongue sometimes. Sores appear on the tongue sometimes. Eating too much salty or spicy foods may Eating too much salty or spicy foods may cause these sores. We need to take care of our cause these sores. We need to take care of our mouth where the tongue is. What are the mouth where the tongue is. What are the things we need in taking care of our mouth and things we need in taking care of our mouth and tongue?tongue?

Brush the teeth after each meal regularly.Brush the teeth after each meal regularly. Avoid taking in any food or liquid that is Avoid taking in any food or liquid that is too hot or too cold. too hot or too cold. Clean the tongue regularly by cleaning it Clean the tongue regularly by cleaning it with soft, clean cloth. Place it around the with soft, clean cloth. Place it around the finger. Wet it. Gently swab the tongue then finger. Wet it. Gently swab the tongue then gargle water to rinse it.gargle water to rinse it.

Caring of the TongueCaring of the TongueCaring of the TongueCaring of the Tongue

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REMEMBER… REMEMBER…When we are getting older, we loose taste buds. So we must taste our favorite foods while we can.When we have a stuffy nose, we do not taste the way it usually does.We have about 10,000 taste buds on our tongue.

Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________

Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________

ACTIVITY 3-7ACTIVITY 3-7Who Am I?Who Am I?

Direction: Read and understand the riddle carefully. Identify the Direction: Read and understand the riddle carefully. Identify the object according to its description and its taste. Answer it by object according to its description and its taste. Answer it by writing on the blankwriting on the blank

ACTIVITY 3-7ACTIVITY 3-7Who Am I?Who Am I?

Direction: Read and understand the riddle carefully. Identify the Direction: Read and understand the riddle carefully. Identify the object according to its description and its taste. Answer it by object according to its description and its taste. Answer it by writing on the blankwriting on the blank

1. I am a vegetable.1. I am a vegetable.My color is green.My color is green.Many children hate me.Many children hate me.Who am I? _________________________Who am I? _________________________

What is my taste? _____________________What is my taste? _____________________

1. I am a vegetable.1. I am a vegetable.My color is green.My color is green.Many children hate me.Many children hate me.Who am I? _________________________Who am I? _________________________

What is my taste? _____________________What is my taste? _____________________

22. . I am a liquid.I am a liquid.I am colorless.I am colorless.All living things need me.All living things need me.Who am I? ___________________________Who am I? ___________________________

What is my taste? ______________________What is my taste? ______________________

22. . I am a liquid.I am a liquid.I am colorless.I am colorless.All living things need me.All living things need me.Who am I? ___________________________Who am I? ___________________________

What is my taste? ______________________What is my taste? ______________________BackNext

33. . I am a fruit.I am a fruit.My outer part is green.My outer part is green.My inner part is red.My inner part is red.I am nutritious.I am nutritious.Who am I? __________________________Who am I? __________________________

What is my taste? _____________________What is my taste? _____________________

33. . I am a fruit.I am a fruit.My outer part is green.My outer part is green.My inner part is red.My inner part is red.I am nutritious.I am nutritious.Who am I? __________________________Who am I? __________________________

What is my taste? _____________________What is my taste? _____________________

44. . I am commonly made from coconut.I am commonly made from coconut.I am useful in your kitchen.I am useful in your kitchen.You may frown when you taste me.You may frown when you taste me.Who am I? __________________________Who am I? __________________________

What is my taste? ____________________What is my taste? ____________________

44. . I am commonly made from coconut.I am commonly made from coconut.I am useful in your kitchen.I am useful in your kitchen.You may frown when you taste me.You may frown when you taste me.Who am I? __________________________Who am I? __________________________

What is my taste? ____________________What is my taste? ____________________

55. .. .All ants love me and people do as well.All ants love me and people do as well.Sometimes I am white.Sometimes I am white.Sometimes I am brown.Sometimes I am brown.Who am I? _________________________Who am I? _________________________

What is my taste? ___________________What is my taste? ___________________

55. .. .All ants love me and people do as well.All ants love me and people do as well.Sometimes I am white.Sometimes I am white.Sometimes I am brown.Sometimes I am brown.Who am I? _________________________Who am I? _________________________

What is my taste? ___________________What is my taste? ___________________

LESSON 15LESSON 15SKINSKIN

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the student must At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to:be able to:

Define what is skinDefine what is skinName and identify the parts of the skinName and identify the parts of the skinTell and practice the proper caring and Tell and practice the proper caring and preventing the common ailments of the skinpreventing the common ailments of the skin

LESSON 15LESSON 15SKINSKIN

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the student must At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to:be able to:

Define what is skinDefine what is skinName and identify the parts of the skinName and identify the parts of the skinTell and practice the proper caring and Tell and practice the proper caring and preventing the common ailments of the skinpreventing the common ailments of the skin

Skin is a waterproof covering over the body. It Skin is a waterproof covering over the body. It is the largest organ of the body. The two main parts is the largest organ of the body. The two main parts of the skin are the of the skin are the epidermis epidermis andand dermis dermis. .

Skin is a waterproof covering over the body. It Skin is a waterproof covering over the body. It is the largest organ of the body. The two main parts is the largest organ of the body. The two main parts of the skin are the of the skin are the epidermis epidermis andand dermis dermis. .

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EpidermisEpidermis is the outer layer of the skin. is the outer layer of the skin. It is made up of It is made up of epithelial tissueepithelial tissue. The . The thickness of it is as a page of a paper. The thickness of it is as a page of a paper. The different types of cells are found in an different types of cells are found in an epidermis known as the epidermis known as the epidermal cellsepidermal cells. . Dermis Dermis is the inner layer of our skin made up is the inner layer of our skin made up of of collagencollagen and and elastic fiberselastic fibers. Touch . Touch originates in this layer of our skin. It is filled originates in this layer of our skin. It is filled with tiny nerve endings that send with tiny nerve endings that send information about what you touch to the information about what you touch to the spinal cord. Heat, cold, pressure and pain spinal cord. Heat, cold, pressure and pain are all felt by nerve endings in the skin. The are all felt by nerve endings in the skin. The spinal cord receives information and sends spinal cord receives information and sends messages to the brain, where the feelings messages to the brain, where the feelings are registered. are registered.

EpidermisEpidermis is the outer layer of the skin. is the outer layer of the skin. It is made up of It is made up of epithelial tissueepithelial tissue. The . The thickness of it is as a page of a paper. The thickness of it is as a page of a paper. The different types of cells are found in an different types of cells are found in an epidermis known as the epidermis known as the epidermal cellsepidermal cells. . Dermis Dermis is the inner layer of our skin made up is the inner layer of our skin made up of of collagencollagen and and elastic fiberselastic fibers. Touch . Touch originates in this layer of our skin. It is filled originates in this layer of our skin. It is filled with tiny nerve endings that send with tiny nerve endings that send information about what you touch to the information about what you touch to the spinal cord. Heat, cold, pressure and pain spinal cord. Heat, cold, pressure and pain are all felt by nerve endings in the skin. The are all felt by nerve endings in the skin. The spinal cord receives information and sends spinal cord receives information and sends messages to the brain, where the feelings messages to the brain, where the feelings are registered. are registered.

The skin helps to keep harmful germs out and The skin helps to keep harmful germs out and to regulate our body temperature. to regulate our body temperature. Langerhans cellsLangerhans cells are responsible for trapping the are responsible for trapping the antigenantigen – the – the substance that trigger our immune system. When the substance that trigger our immune system. When the body is hot the skin sweats and the blood vessels body is hot the skin sweats and the blood vessels expand. expand.

The skin helps to keep harmful germs out and The skin helps to keep harmful germs out and to regulate our body temperature. to regulate our body temperature. Langerhans cellsLangerhans cells are responsible for trapping the are responsible for trapping the antigenantigen – the – the substance that trigger our immune system. When the substance that trigger our immune system. When the body is hot the skin sweats and the blood vessels body is hot the skin sweats and the blood vessels expand. expand.

Observe the parts of the skin. Answer the activity 3-8.Observe the parts of the skin. Answer the activity 3-8.Observe the parts of the skin. Answer the activity 3-8.Observe the parts of the skin. Answer the activity 3-8.

The skin covers the body. Germs, which we The skin covers the body. Germs, which we cannot see, stay on the skin. These germs may cannot see, stay on the skin. These germs may cause infections that may harm the skin. Some cause infections that may harm the skin. Some common skin ailments are common skin ailments are scabiesscabies,, tinea flava tinea flava and and boilsboils. . ScabiesScabies can stay for months and cause too can stay for months and cause too much itching. Some herbal plants are good for much itching. Some herbal plants are good for itches like kamias leaves and the roots and bark of itches like kamias leaves and the roots and bark of the madre cacao. the madre cacao. Tinea flavaTinea flava appears as white appears as white spots on the skin especially on the face and arms. spots on the skin especially on the face and arms. To remove this skin disease, we can use To remove this skin disease, we can use ap – ap ap – ap solutionsolution and and crushed garliccrushed garlic and and radishradish to cure it. to cure it. BoilsBoils are hard, red, painful swellings of the skin. are hard, red, painful swellings of the skin. Gumamela leaves and flowers crushed into a paste Gumamela leaves and flowers crushed into a paste and spread on a piece of cloth to cover the boil and spread on a piece of cloth to cover the boil infection.infection.

The skin covers the body. Germs, which we The skin covers the body. Germs, which we cannot see, stay on the skin. These germs may cannot see, stay on the skin. These germs may cause infections that may harm the skin. Some cause infections that may harm the skin. Some common skin ailments are common skin ailments are scabiesscabies,, tinea flava tinea flava and and boilsboils. . ScabiesScabies can stay for months and cause too can stay for months and cause too much itching. Some herbal plants are good for much itching. Some herbal plants are good for itches like kamias leaves and the roots and bark of itches like kamias leaves and the roots and bark of the madre cacao. the madre cacao. Tinea flavaTinea flava appears as white appears as white spots on the skin especially on the face and arms. spots on the skin especially on the face and arms. To remove this skin disease, we can use To remove this skin disease, we can use ap – ap ap – ap solutionsolution and and crushed garliccrushed garlic and and radishradish to cure it. to cure it. BoilsBoils are hard, red, painful swellings of the skin. are hard, red, painful swellings of the skin. Gumamela leaves and flowers crushed into a paste Gumamela leaves and flowers crushed into a paste and spread on a piece of cloth to cover the boil and spread on a piece of cloth to cover the boil infection.infection.

Common Ailments of the SkinCommon Ailments of the Skin

We can prevent those ailments and We can prevent those ailments and diseases by keeping our skin healthy. A diseases by keeping our skin healthy. A healthy skin is free from diseases. How healthy skin is free from diseases. How can we keep our skin healthy?can we keep our skin healthy?

Take a daily bath. Use a mild soap in Take a daily bath. Use a mild soap in bathing.bathing.

Use a soft towel to wipe the skin.Use a soft towel to wipe the skin.Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.Avoid scratching the skin.Avoid scratching the skin.Do not play long under the sun.Do not play long under the sun.See a doctor when you have a skin See a doctor when you have a skin

infection.infection.

We can prevent those ailments and We can prevent those ailments and diseases by keeping our skin healthy. A diseases by keeping our skin healthy. A healthy skin is free from diseases. How healthy skin is free from diseases. How can we keep our skin healthy?can we keep our skin healthy?

Take a daily bath. Use a mild soap in Take a daily bath. Use a mild soap in bathing.bathing.

Use a soft towel to wipe the skin.Use a soft towel to wipe the skin.Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.Avoid scratching the skin.Avoid scratching the skin.Do not play long under the sun.Do not play long under the sun.See a doctor when you have a skin See a doctor when you have a skin

infection.infection.

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REMEMBER…If we have a clean and healthy skin it helps improve the way we look

REMEMBER…If we have a clean and healthy skin it helps improve the way we look

DID YOU KNOW?The one that makes our skin

moisturized is called sebum. The inner layer of our skin,

which is the dermis, is made up of collagen and elastic fiber.

DID YOU KNOW?The one that makes our skin

moisturized is called sebum. The inner layer of our skin,

which is the dermis, is made up of collagen and elastic fiber.

Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________

Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________

ACTIVITY 3-8ACTIVITY 3-8

Word SearchWord SearchDirection: Direction: Find the given terms about our skin to the Find the given terms about our skin to the following table of letters.following table of letters.

ACTIVITY 3-8ACTIVITY 3-8

Word SearchWord SearchDirection: Direction: Find the given terms about our skin to the Find the given terms about our skin to the following table of letters.following table of letters.

SKINSKIN SWEAT GLAND SWEAT GLAND HEATHEATEPIDERMISEPIDERMISCAPILLARIES COLD CAPILLARIES COLD DERMIS DERMIS FATTY ACID FATTY ACID PRESSURE OIL PRESSURE OIL GLANDGLAND TOUCHTOUCH PAIN PAINFATTY TISSUE MELANINFATTY TISSUE MELANIN KERATIN KERATIN HAIRHAIR SEBUMSEBUM PORE PORE

SKINSKIN SWEAT GLAND SWEAT GLAND HEATHEATEPIDERMISEPIDERMISCAPILLARIES COLD CAPILLARIES COLD DERMIS DERMIS FATTY ACID FATTY ACID PRESSURE OIL PRESSURE OIL GLANDGLAND TOUCHTOUCH PAIN PAINFATTY TISSUE MELANINFATTY TISSUE MELANIN KERATIN KERATIN HAIRHAIR SEBUMSEBUM PORE PORE

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SS II MM RR EE DD II PP EE KK DD SS KK FF OO TT EE GG PP

EE PP EE EE AA CC DD AA FF AA TT TT YY AA CC II DD AA AAII II AA AA II OO LL FF AA TT TT YY SS TT II TT NN II II RR RR NN NN NN LL YY WW TT SS LL MM II TT LL AA II NN NNAA MM II EE II DD HH AA TT OO UU CC HH YY DD EE KK DD EE

LL SS NN II OO TT EE CC YY II OO II NN TT LL WW SS NN SSLL OO AA RR TT WW AA RR LL DD EE MM RR II AA HH SS AA SS

II II LL SS SS AA TT RR MM CC TT PP OO SS NN EE II LL UUPP RR EE SS SS UU RR EE EE II AA II CC SS BB RR OO GG RRAA GG MM HH UU NN TT EE NN KK SS LL HH UU DD OO TT LL EECC HH LL PP CC KK TT DD KK BB TT LL MM EE EE PP AA II DD

DD NN AA LL GG TT AA EE WW SS VV AA GG SS RR UU EE OO CC

CC HH LL PP CC KK TT DD KK BB TT LL MM EE EE PP AA II DD

A. Group the following parts of the sense organs to its A. Group the following parts of the sense organs to its corresponding sense organ. Fill in the table below.corresponding sense organ. Fill in the table below.A. Group the following parts of the sense organs to its A. Group the following parts of the sense organs to its corresponding sense organ. Fill in the table below.corresponding sense organ. Fill in the table below.

Cornea Eardrum Nostrils Anvil

Retina Nose Bridge Epidermis Dermis

Pupil Cilia Stirrup Iris

Hammer Auditory Olfactory Optic Nerve Nerve Nerve

Nasal Mucus Sensory Taste Cavity Membrane cells Buds Pores Lens Eardrum Eyelids

Hair Sweat gland Cochlea Sclera

EYES EARS NOSE TONGUE SKIN

BB.Identify the Senses.Identify the Senses Write the senses (seeing, smelling, feeling, tasting Write the senses (seeing, smelling, feeling, tasting and hearing) and hearing) you use in observing the given name you use in observing the given name

of things. of things.

BB.Identify the Senses.Identify the Senses Write the senses (seeing, smelling, feeling, tasting Write the senses (seeing, smelling, feeling, tasting and hearing) and hearing) you use in observing the given name you use in observing the given name

of things. of things. 1. Perfume 1. Perfume ______________________________________2.wood 2.wood ______________________________________3.mango3.mango______________________________________4.vinegar4.vinegar___________________5.soupsoup___________________6.ice6.ice ______________________________________7.sponge7.sponge______________________________________8.candy8.candy______________________________________9.flower9.flower______________________________________

10. Radio10. Radio __________________

1. Perfume 1. Perfume ______________________________________2.wood 2.wood ______________________________________3.mango3.mango______________________________________4.vinegar4.vinegar___________________5.soupsoup___________________6.ice6.ice ______________________________________7.sponge7.sponge______________________________________8.candy8.candy______________________________________9.flower9.flower______________________________________

10. Radio10. Radio __________________

CC..Matching TypeMatching Type Match the following care, cure, prevention and Match the following care, cure, prevention and ailments on the left to the pictures of the sense organs ailments on the left to the pictures of the sense organs on the right.on the right.

CC..Matching TypeMatching Type Match the following care, cure, prevention and Match the following care, cure, prevention and ailments on the left to the pictures of the sense organs ailments on the left to the pictures of the sense organs on the right.on the right.

DD..Interactive ActivityInteractive Activity Form into four groups. Make a slogan about the Form into four groups. Make a slogan about the proper caring of the sense organs.proper caring of the sense organs.

DD..Interactive ActivityInteractive Activity Form into four groups. Make a slogan about the Form into four groups. Make a slogan about the proper caring of the sense organs.proper caring of the sense organs.

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HUMAN GROWTH HUMAN GROWTH MODULE 4MODULE 4 AND DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENT HUMAN GROWTH HUMAN GROWTH MODULE 4MODULE 4 AND DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

Growth does not only mean physical Growth does not only mean physical change. change. It also means growing up in feeling. It also means growing up in feeling.

Growth does not only mean physical Growth does not only mean physical change. change. It also means growing up in feeling. It also means growing up in feeling.

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In making friends, and in thinking andIn making friends, and in thinking andreasoning. When you were very young,reasoning. When you were very young,you were interested only in yourself and in you were interested only in yourself and in your family. You did not know it, but often your family. You did not know it, but often you thought only about yourself – what you you thought only about yourself – what you wanted to have what you wanted to do.wanted to have what you wanted to do.

You are now in grade four. You are You are now in grade four. You are not a baby anymore. You are young and not a baby anymore. You are young and active now. You play in school. You work, active now. You play in school. You work, too. You help each other. You are friendly too. You help each other. You are friendly and you are more aware and observant of and you are more aware and observant of the changes around you.the changes around you.

In making friends, and in thinking andIn making friends, and in thinking andreasoning. When you were very young,reasoning. When you were very young,you were interested only in yourself and in you were interested only in yourself and in your family. You did not know it, but often your family. You did not know it, but often you thought only about yourself – what you you thought only about yourself – what you wanted to have what you wanted to do.wanted to have what you wanted to do.

You are now in grade four. You are You are now in grade four. You are not a baby anymore. You are young and not a baby anymore. You are young and active now. You play in school. You work, active now. You play in school. You work, too. You help each other. You are friendly too. You help each other. You are friendly and you are more aware and observant of and you are more aware and observant of the changes around you.the changes around you.

Growth means change. Changing does Growth means change. Changing does not happen at once. We change a bit in every not happen at once. We change a bit in every day. Everything that we do and say, day. Everything that we do and say, everything that we read or think about helps everything that we read or think about helps us grow. us grow.

We grow and we change in many ways. We grow and we change in many ways. Some grow taller and faster than others. Some grow taller and faster than others. Some grow heavier much faster than others.Some grow heavier much faster than others.

Do you notice these changes? What Do you notice these changes? What happen to your body now?happen to your body now?

This module discusses man’s growth This module discusses man’s growth and changes, in physical, mental and social. and changes, in physical, mental and social. It also discusses the factors that affect It also discusses the factors that affect growth and development of man and the growth and development of man and the heredity and growth.heredity and growth.

Growth means change. Changing does Growth means change. Changing does not happen at once. We change a bit in every not happen at once. We change a bit in every day. Everything that we do and say, day. Everything that we do and say, everything that we read or think about helps everything that we read or think about helps us grow. us grow.

We grow and we change in many ways. We grow and we change in many ways. Some grow taller and faster than others. Some grow taller and faster than others. Some grow heavier much faster than others.Some grow heavier much faster than others.

Do you notice these changes? What Do you notice these changes? What happen to your body now?happen to your body now?

This module discusses man’s growth This module discusses man’s growth and changes, in physical, mental and social. and changes, in physical, mental and social. It also discusses the factors that affect It also discusses the factors that affect growth and development of man and the growth and development of man and the heredity and growth.heredity and growth.

LESSON 16LESSON 16Physical DevelopmentPhysical Development

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:student must be able to:Explain the physical changes of the Explain the physical changes of the bodybodyState the different changes occur from State the different changes occur from infancy to adulthoodinfancy to adulthoodAppreciate God for creating us and Appreciate God for creating us and becoming part of this worldbecoming part of this world

LESSON 16LESSON 16Physical DevelopmentPhysical Development

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:student must be able to:Explain the physical changes of the Explain the physical changes of the bodybodyState the different changes occur from State the different changes occur from infancy to adulthoodinfancy to adulthoodAppreciate God for creating us and Appreciate God for creating us and becoming part of this worldbecoming part of this world

What are some physical changes in our What are some physical changes in our body as we grow?body as we grow?

What are some physical changes in our What are some physical changes in our body as we grow?body as we grow?

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Our body changes a lot from the time we are Our body changes a lot from the time we are babies until we are an adult. A baby has a large babies until we are an adult. A baby has a large head compared to the rest of its body. Over the next head compared to the rest of its body. Over the next few years, the baby’s body will get bigger. When the few years, the baby’s body will get bigger. When the child becomes a teenager, his or her arms and legs child becomes a teenager, his or her arms and legs will grow longer. The average body does not reach will grow longer. The average body does not reach its full size until about 20 years of age. its full size until about 20 years of age.

Our body changes a lot from the time we are Our body changes a lot from the time we are babies until we are an adult. A baby has a large babies until we are an adult. A baby has a large head compared to the rest of its body. Over the next head compared to the rest of its body. Over the next few years, the baby’s body will get bigger. When the few years, the baby’s body will get bigger. When the child becomes a teenager, his or her arms and legs child becomes a teenager, his or her arms and legs will grow longer. The average body does not reach will grow longer. The average body does not reach its full size until about 20 years of age. its full size until about 20 years of age.

The outside of the body also changes as we The outside of the body also changes as we get older. The skin becomes drier and less stretchy. get older. The skin becomes drier and less stretchy. This causes wrinkles, especially in the face. An This causes wrinkles, especially in the face. An older person’s organs do not always work as well as older person’s organs do not always work as well as a younger person’s. The heart and lungs are not as a younger person’s. The heart and lungs are not as efficient. The joints become stiff and the bones efficient. The joints become stiff and the bones become weaker. Eating a healthy diet and become weaker. Eating a healthy diet and exercising can help bodies stay strong.exercising can help bodies stay strong.

The outside of the body also changes as we The outside of the body also changes as we get older. The skin becomes drier and less stretchy. get older. The skin becomes drier and less stretchy. This causes wrinkles, especially in the face. An This causes wrinkles, especially in the face. An older person’s organs do not always work as well as older person’s organs do not always work as well as a younger person’s. The heart and lungs are not as a younger person’s. The heart and lungs are not as efficient. The joints become stiff and the bones efficient. The joints become stiff and the bones become weaker. Eating a healthy diet and become weaker. Eating a healthy diet and exercising can help bodies stay strong.exercising can help bodies stay strong.

A child's physical growth refers to A child's physical growth refers to the increases in height and weight and the increases in height and weight and other body changes that occur as a child other body changes that occur as a child matures. Hair grows; teeth come in, come matures. Hair grows; teeth come in, come out, and come in again; and eventually out, and come in again; and eventually puberty hits. It's all part of the growth puberty hits. It's all part of the growth process. process.

The first year of an infant's life is a The first year of an infant's life is a time of astonishing change. During this time of astonishing change. During this time, a baby will grow rapidly. On average, time, a baby will grow rapidly. On average, babies grow 10 inches (25 centimeters) in babies grow 10 inches (25 centimeters) in length while tripling their birth weights by length while tripling their birth weights by their first birthday.their first birthday.

A child's physical growth refers to A child's physical growth refers to the increases in height and weight and the increases in height and weight and other body changes that occur as a child other body changes that occur as a child matures. Hair grows; teeth come in, come matures. Hair grows; teeth come in, come out, and come in again; and eventually out, and come in again; and eventually puberty hits. It's all part of the growth puberty hits. It's all part of the growth process. process.

The first year of an infant's life is a The first year of an infant's life is a time of astonishing change. During this time of astonishing change. During this time, a baby will grow rapidly. On average, time, a baby will grow rapidly. On average, babies grow 10 inches (25 centimeters) in babies grow 10 inches (25 centimeters) in length while tripling their birth weights by length while tripling their birth weights by their first birthday.their first birthday.

Given all the growth that occurs in the first Given all the growth that occurs in the first year of life, new parents may be surprised when year of life, new parents may be surprised when their child doesn't continue to grow through the their child doesn't continue to grow through the roof. But no child continues the rate of growth roof. But no child continues the rate of growth experienced during infancy. After age 1, a baby's experienced during infancy. After age 1, a baby's growth in length slows considerably, and by 2 growth in length slows considerably, and by 2 years, growth in height usually continues at a years, growth in height usually continues at a fairly steady rate of approximately 2 1/2 inches fairly steady rate of approximately 2 1/2 inches (6 centimeters) per year until adolescence.(6 centimeters) per year until adolescence.

Given all the growth that occurs in the first Given all the growth that occurs in the first year of life, new parents may be surprised when year of life, new parents may be surprised when their child doesn't continue to grow through the their child doesn't continue to grow through the roof. But no child continues the rate of growth roof. But no child continues the rate of growth experienced during infancy. After age 1, a baby's experienced during infancy. After age 1, a baby's growth in length slows considerably, and by 2 growth in length slows considerably, and by 2 years, growth in height usually continues at a years, growth in height usually continues at a fairly steady rate of approximately 2 1/2 inches fairly steady rate of approximately 2 1/2 inches (6 centimeters) per year until adolescence.(6 centimeters) per year until adolescence.

No child grows at a perfectly steady rate No child grows at a perfectly steady rate throughout this period of childhood, however. throughout this period of childhood, however. Weeks or months of slightly slower growth Weeks or months of slightly slower growth alternate with mini "growth spurts" in normal alternate with mini "growth spurts" in normal children. Kids actually tend to grow a bit faster in children. Kids actually tend to grow a bit faster in the spring than during other times of the year!the spring than during other times of the year!

No child grows at a perfectly steady rate No child grows at a perfectly steady rate throughout this period of childhood, however. throughout this period of childhood, however. Weeks or months of slightly slower growth Weeks or months of slightly slower growth alternate with mini "growth spurts" in normal alternate with mini "growth spurts" in normal children. Kids actually tend to grow a bit faster in children. Kids actually tend to grow a bit faster in the spring than during other times of the year!the spring than during other times of the year!

A major growth spurt occurs at the time of A major growth spurt occurs at the time of puberty. Usually kids enter puberty between puberty. Usually kids enter puberty between age 8 to 13 years in girls and 10 to 15 years in age 8 to 13 years in girls and 10 to 15 years in boys. Puberty lasts about 2 to 5 years. This boys. Puberty lasts about 2 to 5 years. This growth spurt is associated with sexual growth spurt is associated with sexual development, which includes the appearance of development, which includes the appearance of pubic and underarm hair, the growth and pubic and underarm hair, the growth and development of sex organs, and in girls, the development of sex organs, and in girls, the onset of menstruation.onset of menstruation.

A major growth spurt occurs at the time of A major growth spurt occurs at the time of puberty. Usually kids enter puberty between puberty. Usually kids enter puberty between age 8 to 13 years in girls and 10 to 15 years in age 8 to 13 years in girls and 10 to 15 years in boys. Puberty lasts about 2 to 5 years. This boys. Puberty lasts about 2 to 5 years. This growth spurt is associated with sexual growth spurt is associated with sexual development, which includes the appearance of development, which includes the appearance of pubic and underarm hair, the growth and pubic and underarm hair, the growth and development of sex organs, and in girls, the development of sex organs, and in girls, the onset of menstruation.onset of menstruation.

By the time girls reach age 15 and boys By the time girls reach age 15 and boys reach age 16 or 17, the growth associated with reach age 16 or 17, the growth associated with puberty will have ended for most teens and they puberty will have ended for most teens and they will have reached physical maturity.will have reached physical maturity.

By the time girls reach age 15 and boys By the time girls reach age 15 and boys reach age 16 or 17, the growth associated with reach age 16 or 17, the growth associated with puberty will have ended for most teens and they puberty will have ended for most teens and they will have reached physical maturity.will have reached physical maturity.

This stage extends from This stage extends from conception, when the female conception, when the female ovum is fertilized by the male ovum is fertilized by the male sperms to the time of birth, sperms to the time of birth, roughly nine months or 280 roughly nine months or 280 days. The zygote developsdays. The zygote develops

This stage extends from This stage extends from conception, when the female conception, when the female ovum is fertilized by the male ovum is fertilized by the male sperms to the time of birth, sperms to the time of birth, roughly nine months or 280 roughly nine months or 280 days. The zygote developsdays. The zygote develops

Pre-Natal StagePre-Natal StagePre-Natal StagePre-Natal Stage

from a microscopic organism to an individual from a microscopic organism to an individual weighing from 6 to 8 pounds and measuring weighing from 6 to 8 pounds and measuring approximately 20 inches in lengthapproximately 20 inches in length

from a microscopic organism to an individual from a microscopic organism to an individual weighing from 6 to 8 pounds and measuring weighing from 6 to 8 pounds and measuring approximately 20 inches in lengthapproximately 20 inches in length

From birth to the age From birth to the age of 10 to 14 days is the of 10 to 14 days is the period of infancy. It is period of infancy. It is divided into two periods, the divided into two periods, the partunate and the neonate partunate and the neonate or the newborn child. During or the newborn child. During the first week, growth the first week, growth comes to comes to

From birth to the age From birth to the age of 10 to 14 days is the of 10 to 14 days is the period of infancy. It is period of infancy. It is divided into two periods, the divided into two periods, the partunate and the neonate partunate and the neonate or the newborn child. During or the newborn child. During the first week, growth the first week, growth comes to comes to a standstill and this growth is not resumed a standstill and this growth is not resumed until the infant is able to cope with its until the infant is able to cope with its environment.environment.

a standstill and this growth is not resumed a standstill and this growth is not resumed until the infant is able to cope with its until the infant is able to cope with its environment.environment.

InfancyInfancyInfancyInfancy

This period extends from the age of This period extends from the age of two weeks to approximately two years. two weeks to approximately two years.

Gradually, the Gradually, the baby baby learns to learns to control his control his muscles so that he muscles so that he

can feed himself, can feed himself, walk, dress himself, walk, dress himself,

talk and play. This is talk and play. This is followed followed by a by a

period period of of independence.independence.

This period extends from the age of This period extends from the age of two weeks to approximately two years. two weeks to approximately two years.

Gradually, the Gradually, the baby baby learns to learns to control his control his muscles so that he muscles so that he

can feed himself, can feed himself, walk, dress himself, walk, dress himself,

talk and play. This is talk and play. This is followed followed by a by a

period period of of independence.independence.

BabyhoodBabyhoodBabyhoodBabyhood

Strictly speaking, Strictly speaking, childhood extends from the childhood extends from the age of two years to puberty. age of two years to puberty. Development is Development is characterized first by characterized first by growth of control over the growth of control over the environment. The child environment. The child learns to make social learns to make social adjustments at this age. Theadjustments at this age. The

Strictly speaking, Strictly speaking, childhood extends from the childhood extends from the age of two years to puberty. age of two years to puberty. Development is Development is characterized first by characterized first by growth of control over the growth of control over the environment. The child environment. The child learns to make social learns to make social adjustments at this age. Theadjustments at this age. The

Figure 4-4Childhood Stage

name “gang” age is sometimes given to this name “gang” age is sometimes given to this stage because group activities of all sorts stage because group activities of all sorts play so important a role in the child’s life. play so important a role in the child’s life.

name “gang” age is sometimes given to this name “gang” age is sometimes given to this stage because group activities of all sorts stage because group activities of all sorts play so important a role in the child’s life. play so important a role in the child’s life.

Childhood StageChildhood StageChildhood StageChildhood Stage

The age of adolescence The age of adolescence extends from the onset of extends from the onset of puberty, between 11 to 13 puberty, between 11 to 13 years in the average child, to years in the average child, to the age of maturity, 21 years. the age of maturity, 21 years. This is subdivided into three This is subdivided into three shorter periods. These are:shorter periods. These are:

The age of adolescence The age of adolescence extends from the onset of extends from the onset of puberty, between 11 to 13 puberty, between 11 to 13 years in the average child, to years in the average child, to the age of maturity, 21 years. the age of maturity, 21 years. This is subdivided into three This is subdivided into three shorter periods. These are:shorter periods. These are:

Figure 4-5Adolescence Stage

A. A. Pre-adolescence.Pre-adolescence. This is the year This is the year immediately preceding adolescence proper. In immediately preceding adolescence proper. In girls, it comes about 11 to 13 years, and in girls, it comes about 11 to 13 years, and in boys, it comes approximately a year later. This boys, it comes approximately a year later. This is also called the is also called the “negative phase”“negative phase” because because there is normally a negative attitude or an there is normally a negative attitude or an “about-face” in their behavior at this time.“about-face” in their behavior at this time.

A. A. Pre-adolescence.Pre-adolescence. This is the year This is the year immediately preceding adolescence proper. In immediately preceding adolescence proper. In girls, it comes about 11 to 13 years, and in girls, it comes about 11 to 13 years, and in boys, it comes approximately a year later. This boys, it comes approximately a year later. This is also called the is also called the “negative phase”“negative phase” because because there is normally a negative attitude or an there is normally a negative attitude or an “about-face” in their behavior at this time.“about-face” in their behavior at this time.

AdolescenceAdolescenceAdolescenceAdolescence

B. Early adolescence.B. Early adolescence. This extends from the age This extends from the age of 16 to 17 years. It coincides with the high of 16 to 17 years. It coincides with the high school years. This is usually called the school years. This is usually called the “awkward age” During this time, “awkward age” During this time, physical physical and mental growths are completed.and mental growths are completed.

C. Late adolescence.C. Late adolescence. This coincides with the This coincides with the college age and is usually referred to as the college age and is usually referred to as the “smart” or “show-off” age because of the keen “smart” or “show-off” age because of the keen delight the boy or girl shows in being the center delight the boy or girl shows in being the center of attention. The most of attention. The most important form of important form of development is the adjustment to a mature form development is the adjustment to a mature form of life in of life in which the child learns to be which the child learns to be independent of adults. There is gradually an independent of adults. There is gradually an adjustment to the opposite sex in different adjustment to the opposite sex in different activities. activities. At the end of adolescence, the At the end of adolescence, the individual becomes legally and socially regarded individual becomes legally and socially regarded as as mature. He learns to be independent of mature. He learns to be independent of

adult supervision and guidance. adult supervision and guidance.

B. Early adolescence.B. Early adolescence. This extends from the age This extends from the age of 16 to 17 years. It coincides with the high of 16 to 17 years. It coincides with the high school years. This is usually called the school years. This is usually called the “awkward age” During this time, “awkward age” During this time, physical physical and mental growths are completed.and mental growths are completed.

C. Late adolescence.C. Late adolescence. This coincides with the This coincides with the college age and is usually referred to as the college age and is usually referred to as the “smart” or “show-off” age because of the keen “smart” or “show-off” age because of the keen delight the boy or girl shows in being the center delight the boy or girl shows in being the center of attention. The most of attention. The most important form of important form of development is the adjustment to a mature form development is the adjustment to a mature form of life in of life in which the child learns to be which the child learns to be independent of adults. There is gradually an independent of adults. There is gradually an adjustment to the opposite sex in different adjustment to the opposite sex in different activities. activities. At the end of adolescence, the At the end of adolescence, the individual becomes legally and socially regarded individual becomes legally and socially regarded as as mature. He learns to be independent of mature. He learns to be independent of

adult supervision and guidance. adult supervision and guidance.

Figure 4-6Figure 4-6Adulthood StageAdulthood Stage

The period in the The period in the

human lifespan in whichhuman lifespan in which

full physical and intellec-full physical and intellec-

tual maturity have beentual maturity have been

attained. Adulthood is attained. Adulthood is

commonly thought of ascommonly thought of as

beginning at age 20 or 21 years. Middle age, beginning at age 20 or 21 years. Middle age, commencing at about 40 years, is followed by commencing at about 40 years, is followed by old age at about 60 years.old age at about 60 years.

The period in the The period in the

human lifespan in whichhuman lifespan in which

full physical and intellec-full physical and intellec-

tual maturity have beentual maturity have been

attained. Adulthood is attained. Adulthood is

commonly thought of ascommonly thought of as

beginning at age 20 or 21 years. Middle age, beginning at age 20 or 21 years. Middle age, commencing at about 40 years, is followed by commencing at about 40 years, is followed by old age at about 60 years.old age at about 60 years.

Adulthood Adulthood StageStageAdulthood Adulthood StageStage

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Activity 4-1Activity 4-1Stage by stage!Stage by stage!

Direction: Analyze the sentences carefully and tell in which Direction: Analyze the sentences carefully and tell in which stage it occurs in the life stage of man.stage it occurs in the life stage of man.

________ 1. Girls usually start at around the age of ten or ________ 1. Girls usually start at around the age of ten or eleven in this stage.eleven in this stage.

________ 2. Wrinkles are occurring in the skin.________ 2. Wrinkles are occurring in the skin.________ 3. Boys usually start this stage later than girls.________ 3. Boys usually start this stage later than girls.________ 4. The heart and lungs are not efficient.________ 4. The heart and lungs are not efficient.________ 5. Hormones from the pituitary gland tell the testes to ________ 5. Hormones from the pituitary gland tell the testes to

let out more of the hormone testosterone to produce sperm.let out more of the hormone testosterone to produce sperm.________ 6. The joints become stiff and weaker.________ 6. The joints become stiff and weaker.________ 7. It makes the transition from childhood to ________ 7. It makes the transition from childhood to

adulthood.adulthood.________ 8. The skin becomes drier and less stretchy.________ 8. The skin becomes drier and less stretchy.________ 9. The pituitary gland releases hormones that tell the ________ 9. The pituitary gland releases hormones that tell the

ovaries to start producing the hormones estrogen and ovaries to start producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone and to start releasing eggs each month.progesterone and to start releasing eggs each month.

________10. The increased level of testosterone in boys occurs ________10. The increased level of testosterone in boys occurs in this stage.in this stage.

Activity 4-1Activity 4-1Stage by stage!Stage by stage!

Direction: Analyze the sentences carefully and tell in which Direction: Analyze the sentences carefully and tell in which stage it occurs in the life stage of man.stage it occurs in the life stage of man.

________ 1. Girls usually start at around the age of ten or ________ 1. Girls usually start at around the age of ten or eleven in this stage.eleven in this stage.

________ 2. Wrinkles are occurring in the skin.________ 2. Wrinkles are occurring in the skin.________ 3. Boys usually start this stage later than girls.________ 3. Boys usually start this stage later than girls.________ 4. The heart and lungs are not efficient.________ 4. The heart and lungs are not efficient.________ 5. Hormones from the pituitary gland tell the testes to ________ 5. Hormones from the pituitary gland tell the testes to

let out more of the hormone testosterone to produce sperm.let out more of the hormone testosterone to produce sperm.________ 6. The joints become stiff and weaker.________ 6. The joints become stiff and weaker.________ 7. It makes the transition from childhood to ________ 7. It makes the transition from childhood to

adulthood.adulthood.________ 8. The skin becomes drier and less stretchy.________ 8. The skin becomes drier and less stretchy.________ 9. The pituitary gland releases hormones that tell the ________ 9. The pituitary gland releases hormones that tell the

ovaries to start producing the hormones estrogen and ovaries to start producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone and to start releasing eggs each month.progesterone and to start releasing eggs each month.

________10. The increased level of testosterone in boys occurs ________10. The increased level of testosterone in boys occurs in this stage.in this stage.

Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________Name:__________________ Date: _____________

Grade:__________________Score: ____________Grade:__________________Score: ____________

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LESSON 17LESSON 17Social-Emotional Development of a Social-Emotional Development of a

Growing ChildGrowing Child

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:At the end of the lesson the student must At the end of the lesson the student must

be able to:be able to: Explain why social changes occur Explain why social changes occur State the different changes occur State the different changes occur

from infancy to adulthoodfrom infancy to adulthood

LESSON 17LESSON 17Social-Emotional Development of a Social-Emotional Development of a

Growing ChildGrowing Child

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:At the end of the lesson the student must At the end of the lesson the student must

be able to:be able to: Explain why social changes occur Explain why social changes occur State the different changes occur State the different changes occur

from infancy to adulthoodfrom infancy to adulthood

What are some of the activities you do What are some of the activities you do with your friends? Do you enjoy the company with your friends? Do you enjoy the company of your friends?of your friends?

What are some of the activities you do What are some of the activities you do with your friends? Do you enjoy the company with your friends? Do you enjoy the company of your friends?of your friends?

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As children grow physically, they also grow As children grow physically, they also grow socially. They become interested in other children. socially. They become interested in other children. When they are a baby, they wanted only to be with When they are a baby, they wanted only to be with their father and mother and other members of the their father and mother and other members of the family. They enjoyed playing with toys. Now, they family. They enjoyed playing with toys. Now, they play games together with their friends. They do play games together with their friends. They do things in a group and in the company of others. things in a group and in the company of others. They grow socially when they learn to enjoy doing They grow socially when they learn to enjoy doing things with friends.things with friends.

The children’s social-emotional development The children’s social-emotional development is important as the brain and physical is important as the brain and physical development. It is the desire to connect with others development. It is the desire to connect with others that motivates them to learn. And the sense of who that motivates them to learn. And the sense of who they are in the world deeply impacts how much and they are in the world deeply impacts how much and how well they learns, as well as the quality of the how well they learns, as well as the quality of the relationships they builds with others.relationships they builds with others.

As children grow physically, they also grow As children grow physically, they also grow socially. They become interested in other children. socially. They become interested in other children. When they are a baby, they wanted only to be with When they are a baby, they wanted only to be with their father and mother and other members of the their father and mother and other members of the family. They enjoyed playing with toys. Now, they family. They enjoyed playing with toys. Now, they play games together with their friends. They do play games together with their friends. They do things in a group and in the company of others. things in a group and in the company of others. They grow socially when they learn to enjoy doing They grow socially when they learn to enjoy doing things with friends.things with friends.

The children’s social-emotional development The children’s social-emotional development is important as the brain and physical is important as the brain and physical development. It is the desire to connect with others development. It is the desire to connect with others that motivates them to learn. And the sense of who that motivates them to learn. And the sense of who they are in the world deeply impacts how much and they are in the world deeply impacts how much and how well they learns, as well as the quality of the how well they learns, as well as the quality of the relationships they builds with others.relationships they builds with others.

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Remember…As children grow

physically, they also grow socially. Maintain your physical health as well as your relation-ship socially.

Name: _________________________ Date:__________________Name: _________________________ Date:__________________Grade: _________________________ Score: ________________Grade: _________________________ Score: ________________Name: _________________________ Date:__________________Name: _________________________ Date:__________________Grade: _________________________ Score: ________________Grade: _________________________ Score: ________________

ACTIVITY 4-2ACTIVITY 4-2 SOCIAL AWARENESSSOCIAL AWARENESS

Direction: Write T if the statement is true and F is the statement Direction: Write T if the statement is true and F is the statement is false on the space provided.is false on the space provided.

_____1. As children grow they become aloof in other children._____1. As children grow they become aloof in other children._____ 2. When a baby plays with his mother or father we _____ 2. When a baby plays with his mother or father we

consider that as act of being sociableconsider that as act of being sociable_____ 3. Child’s social-emotional development is as important as _____ 3. Child’s social-emotional development is as important as

the mental development.the mental development._____ 4. Social-emotional skills drive the children to be aware to _____ 4. Social-emotional skills drive the children to be aware to

his surroundings.his surroundings._____ 5. Social-emotional skills can be easily achieved._____ 5. Social-emotional skills can be easily achieved._____ 6. Children’s surrounding can affect his social-emotional _____ 6. Children’s surrounding can affect his social-emotional

skills.skills._____ 7. Playing with others is a sign of being sociable._____ 7. Playing with others is a sign of being sociable._____ 8. When children grow physically it limits them to grow _____ 8. When children grow physically it limits them to grow

socially.socially._____ 9. Parents and other members of the family plays not a _____ 9. Parents and other members of the family plays not a

major role for a child’s social-emotional skills.major role for a child’s social-emotional skills._____10. Interaction with others is not a form of communication._____10. Interaction with others is not a form of communication.

ACTIVITY 4-2ACTIVITY 4-2 SOCIAL AWARENESSSOCIAL AWARENESS

Direction: Write T if the statement is true and F is the statement Direction: Write T if the statement is true and F is the statement is false on the space provided.is false on the space provided.

_____1. As children grow they become aloof in other children._____1. As children grow they become aloof in other children._____ 2. When a baby plays with his mother or father we _____ 2. When a baby plays with his mother or father we

consider that as act of being sociableconsider that as act of being sociable_____ 3. Child’s social-emotional development is as important as _____ 3. Child’s social-emotional development is as important as

the mental development.the mental development._____ 4. Social-emotional skills drive the children to be aware to _____ 4. Social-emotional skills drive the children to be aware to

his surroundings.his surroundings._____ 5. Social-emotional skills can be easily achieved._____ 5. Social-emotional skills can be easily achieved._____ 6. Children’s surrounding can affect his social-emotional _____ 6. Children’s surrounding can affect his social-emotional

skills.skills._____ 7. Playing with others is a sign of being sociable._____ 7. Playing with others is a sign of being sociable._____ 8. When children grow physically it limits them to grow _____ 8. When children grow physically it limits them to grow

socially.socially._____ 9. Parents and other members of the family plays not a _____ 9. Parents and other members of the family plays not a

major role for a child’s social-emotional skills.major role for a child’s social-emotional skills._____10. Interaction with others is not a form of communication._____10. Interaction with others is not a form of communication.

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LESSON 18LESSON 18Mental DevelopmentMental Development

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:At the end of the lesson the student must At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:be able to: Discover the different mental Discover the different mental development of a child development of a child Know how mental development affects Know how mental development affects the growing childthe growing child Practice the mental ability according to Practice the mental ability according to their agetheir age

LESSON 18LESSON 18Mental DevelopmentMental Development

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:At the end of the lesson the student must At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:be able to: Discover the different mental Discover the different mental development of a child development of a child Know how mental development affects Know how mental development affects the growing childthe growing child Practice the mental ability according to Practice the mental ability according to their agetheir age

Mental development concerns the growth of Mental development concerns the growth of the mind throughout life. Our body and mind have the mind throughout life. Our body and mind have been growing and changing since we were born.been growing and changing since we were born.

Mental development concerns the growth of Mental development concerns the growth of the mind throughout life. Our body and mind have the mind throughout life. Our body and mind have been growing and changing since we were born.been growing and changing since we were born.

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One of the challenges of studying One of the challenges of studying mental development is that there are so mental development is that there are so many aspects of mental growth, including many aspects of mental growth, including the development of memory, perception, the development of memory, perception, reasoning, problem-solving skill, reasoning, problem-solving skill, numerical understanding, intelligence, and numerical understanding, intelligence, and better thinking. better thinking.

Before, we were helpless. We could Before, we were helpless. We could not talk the way we do now. As we grow not talk the way we do now. As we grow older, our ways of knowing and doing older, our ways of knowing and doing things change.things change.

One of the challenges of studying One of the challenges of studying mental development is that there are so mental development is that there are so many aspects of mental growth, including many aspects of mental growth, including the development of memory, perception, the development of memory, perception, reasoning, problem-solving skill, reasoning, problem-solving skill, numerical understanding, intelligence, and numerical understanding, intelligence, and better thinking. better thinking.

Before, we were helpless. We could Before, we were helpless. We could not talk the way we do now. As we grow not talk the way we do now. As we grow older, our ways of knowing and doing older, our ways of knowing and doing things change.things change.

As we remember our first day in As we remember our first day in school, we didn’t know the ABC then. We school, we didn’t know the ABC then. We didn’t know how to write our name nor to didn’t know how to write our name nor to read nursery rhymes. Look at ourselves read nursery rhymes. Look at ourselves now. Language also develops to us. It now. Language also develops to us. It includes the development of vocabulary, includes the development of vocabulary, grammar, the use of language, and grammar, the use of language, and bilingualism or speaking two languages. We bilingualism or speaking two languages. We can recite poems and sing, too. We can read can recite poems and sing, too. We can read and understand more words. We can write and understand more words. We can write long and better sentences. We can add and long and better sentences. We can add and subtract. We have changed much in the subtract. We have changed much in the things we know and do. Also, we are things we know and do. Also, we are beginning to understand what we mean by beginning to understand what we mean by being a good and better person. being a good and better person.

As we remember our first day in As we remember our first day in school, we didn’t know the ABC then. We school, we didn’t know the ABC then. We didn’t know how to write our name nor to didn’t know how to write our name nor to read nursery rhymes. Look at ourselves read nursery rhymes. Look at ourselves now. Language also develops to us. It now. Language also develops to us. It includes the development of vocabulary, includes the development of vocabulary, grammar, the use of language, and grammar, the use of language, and bilingualism or speaking two languages. We bilingualism or speaking two languages. We can recite poems and sing, too. We can read can recite poems and sing, too. We can read and understand more words. We can write and understand more words. We can write long and better sentences. We can add and long and better sentences. We can add and subtract. We have changed much in the subtract. We have changed much in the things we know and do. Also, we are things we know and do. Also, we are beginning to understand what we mean by beginning to understand what we mean by being a good and better person. being a good and better person.

Look at the pictures on Figure 4-3. What can Look at the pictures on Figure 4-3. What can you say about the children’s activities? Are they you say about the children’s activities? Are they doing the same activities.doing the same activities.

Look at the pictures on Figure 4-3. What can Look at the pictures on Figure 4-3. What can you say about the children’s activities? Are they you say about the children’s activities? Are they doing the same activities.doing the same activities.

Figure 4-10Children’s Activities

Studies of infancy investigate how Studies of infancy investigate how very young children, whose minds are still very young children, whose minds are still quite immature, can effortlessly achieve quite immature, can effortlessly achieve so much understanding of the world. Are so much understanding of the world. Are inborn learning processes at work? Is inborn learning processes at work? Is rapid brain growth the reason? rapid brain growth the reason? Developmental psychologists use cleverly Developmental psychologists use cleverly designed experiments to explore what designed experiments to explore what infants know and when and how they infants know and when and how they achieve understanding. Studies of older achieve understanding. Studies of older adults explore how the mind adapts to the adults explore how the mind adapts to the changes in sensory ability and mental changes in sensory ability and mental speed that accompany aging. speed that accompany aging.

Studies of infancy investigate how Studies of infancy investigate how very young children, whose minds are still very young children, whose minds are still quite immature, can effortlessly achieve quite immature, can effortlessly achieve so much understanding of the world. Are so much understanding of the world. Are inborn learning processes at work? Is inborn learning processes at work? Is rapid brain growth the reason? rapid brain growth the reason? Developmental psychologists use cleverly Developmental psychologists use cleverly designed experiments to explore what designed experiments to explore what infants know and when and how they infants know and when and how they achieve understanding. Studies of older achieve understanding. Studies of older adults explore how the mind adapts to the adults explore how the mind adapts to the changes in sensory ability and mental changes in sensory ability and mental speed that accompany aging. speed that accompany aging.

As you observed the people around you, As you observed the people around you, do the mental functioning improve in later life do the mental functioning improve in later life while others decline? Explain.while others decline? Explain.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.__________.

As you observed the people around you, As you observed the people around you, do the mental functioning improve in later life do the mental functioning improve in later life while others decline? Explain.while others decline? Explain.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.__________.

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Activity 4-3Activity 4-3Mental AbilitiesMental Abilities

A. Describing the pictureA. Describing the pictureObserve the pictures. What mental ability being Observe the pictures. What mental ability being

developed? Select the right word inside the box that developed? Select the right word inside the box that describes the picture. Write it on the blank.describes the picture. Write it on the blank.

Activity 4-3Activity 4-3Mental AbilitiesMental Abilities

A. Describing the pictureA. Describing the pictureObserve the pictures. What mental ability being Observe the pictures. What mental ability being

developed? Select the right word inside the box that developed? Select the right word inside the box that describes the picture. Write it on the blank.describes the picture. Write it on the blank.

Name:____________________ Date: _____________Name:____________________ Date: _____________Grade:_____________________ Score: _____________Grade:_____________________ Score: _____________Name:____________________ Date: _____________Name:____________________ Date: _____________

Grade:_____________________ Score: _____________Grade:_____________________ Score: _____________

Thinking Reading Self awareness Problem Solving Skill Writing Numerical Skills

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LESSON 19LESSON 19Factors Affecting Human Growth and Factors Affecting Human Growth and

DevelopmentDevelopment

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the student must At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:be able to:Identify the different factors that affect Identify the different factors that affect human growth and development human growth and development Understand how these factors affect the Understand how these factors affect the growth and developmentgrowth and developmentPractice to develop these factors to make Practice to develop these factors to make the children grow taller, healthier and the children grow taller, healthier and strongerstronger

LESSON 19LESSON 19Factors Affecting Human Growth and Factors Affecting Human Growth and

DevelopmentDevelopment

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the student must At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:be able to:Identify the different factors that affect Identify the different factors that affect human growth and development human growth and development Understand how these factors affect the Understand how these factors affect the growth and developmentgrowth and developmentPractice to develop these factors to make Practice to develop these factors to make the children grow taller, healthier and the children grow taller, healthier and strongerstronger

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Some children grow faster than other Some children grow faster than other children. Some children learn to read faster than children. Some children learn to read faster than others. There are children who are friendlier or others. There are children who are friendlier or more sociable than other children.more sociable than other children.

Some children do not grow physically, Some children do not grow physically, mentally or socially as fast as other children. There mentally or socially as fast as other children. There are factors that affect one’s growth and are factors that affect one’s growth and development.development.

What are these factors? What are these factors?

Some children grow faster than other Some children grow faster than other children. Some children learn to read faster than children. Some children learn to read faster than others. There are children who are friendlier or others. There are children who are friendlier or more sociable than other children.more sociable than other children.

Some children do not grow physically, Some children do not grow physically, mentally or socially as fast as other children. There mentally or socially as fast as other children. There are factors that affect one’s growth and are factors that affect one’s growth and development.development.

What are these factors? What are these factors?

Parents pass on to their children some of Parents pass on to their children some of their physical characteristics. If a mother or father their physical characteristics. If a mother or father has fair skin, it is likely that one or two children in has fair skin, it is likely that one or two children in the family will have fair skin. If a father or mother the family will have fair skin. If a father or mother has curly hair, some of the children will curly hair, has curly hair, some of the children will curly hair, too. too.

Parents pass on to their children some of Parents pass on to their children some of their physical characteristics. If a mother or father their physical characteristics. If a mother or father has fair skin, it is likely that one or two children in has fair skin, it is likely that one or two children in the family will have fair skin. If a father or mother the family will have fair skin. If a father or mother has curly hair, some of the children will curly hair, has curly hair, some of the children will curly hair, too. too.

PARENTSPARENTSPARENTSPARENTS

The shape of the ears, The shape of the ears, eyes, nose and lips is eyes, nose and lips is another physical charac-another physical charac-teristic that parents pass teristic that parents pass on to their children. on to their children. Sometimes, children may Sometimes, children may not look like their parents. not look like their parents. They may like their grand-They may like their grand-parents. This is becauseparents. This is becausegrandparents are part of the family, too.grandparents are part of the family, too.

The shape of the ears, The shape of the ears, eyes, nose and lips is eyes, nose and lips is another physical charac-another physical charac-teristic that parents pass teristic that parents pass on to their children. on to their children. Sometimes, children may Sometimes, children may not look like their parents. not look like their parents. They may like their grand-They may like their grand-parents. This is becauseparents. This is becausegrandparents are part of the family, too.grandparents are part of the family, too.

That passing of traits from parents to That passing of traits from parents to offspring is known as heredity. The genes from offspring is known as heredity. The genes from our parents combine to form our genes. our parents combine to form our genes.

That passing of traits from parents to That passing of traits from parents to offspring is known as heredity. The genes from offspring is known as heredity. The genes from our parents combine to form our genes. our parents combine to form our genes.

What is a gene? What is a gene? Gene is the unit of Gene is the unit of heredity. No two people heredity. No two people have the same genetic have the same genetic makeup, except the makeup, except the identical twins identical twins

Look at the Figure 4-Look at the Figure 4-12. A very important 12. A very important molecule called DNA molecule called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) (deoxyribonucleic acid) acts like a blueprint for acts like a blueprint for our body. Every cell in our body. Every cell in our body has DNA in it, our body has DNA in it, and each strand of DNAand each strand of DNA

What is a gene? What is a gene? Gene is the unit of Gene is the unit of heredity. No two people heredity. No two people have the same genetic have the same genetic makeup, except the makeup, except the identical twins identical twins

Look at the Figure 4-Look at the Figure 4-12. A very important 12. A very important molecule called DNA molecule called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) (deoxyribonucleic acid) acts like a blueprint for acts like a blueprint for our body. Every cell in our body. Every cell in our body has DNA in it, our body has DNA in it, and each strand of DNAand each strand of DNAcontains all of the information about our body’s contains all of the information about our body’s plan. It’s a chemical record of our inherited plan. It’s a chemical record of our inherited characteristics like hair color, eye color, height, characteristics like hair color, eye color, height, bone structure, and so on.bone structure, and so on.

contains all of the information about our body’s contains all of the information about our body’s plan. It’s a chemical record of our inherited plan. It’s a chemical record of our inherited characteristics like hair color, eye color, height, characteristics like hair color, eye color, height, bone structure, and so on.bone structure, and so on.

HealthHealth is another factor that affects is another factor that affects one’s growth and development. If we are one’s growth and development. If we are healthy, we grow and develop fast. If we are healthy, we grow and develop fast. If we are not healthy, we can easily get sick. Our body not healthy, we can easily get sick. Our body will have to spend more time to repair itself. will have to spend more time to repair itself. Sickness can slow down our growth.Sickness can slow down our growth.

Our health is important. We should Our health is important. We should practice habits that will keep us healthy as we practice habits that will keep us healthy as we grow up. We should also have proper food grow up. We should also have proper food habits. Eating too much of something we like habits. Eating too much of something we like does not mean we will be healthy. Eating too does not mean we will be healthy. Eating too much sweet foods or fatty foods is not good much sweet foods or fatty foods is not good for us. for us.

HealthHealth is another factor that affects is another factor that affects one’s growth and development. If we are one’s growth and development. If we are healthy, we grow and develop fast. If we are healthy, we grow and develop fast. If we are not healthy, we can easily get sick. Our body not healthy, we can easily get sick. Our body will have to spend more time to repair itself. will have to spend more time to repair itself. Sickness can slow down our growth.Sickness can slow down our growth.

Our health is important. We should Our health is important. We should practice habits that will keep us healthy as we practice habits that will keep us healthy as we grow up. We should also have proper food grow up. We should also have proper food habits. Eating too much of something we like habits. Eating too much of something we like does not mean we will be healthy. Eating too does not mean we will be healthy. Eating too much sweet foods or fatty foods is not good much sweet foods or fatty foods is not good for us. for us.

As you are still young, you should As you are still young, you should develop food habits that will keep you develop food habits that will keep you healthy. As you look back on Lesson 2, what healthy. As you look back on Lesson 2, what are the foods we should eat to keep our body are the foods we should eat to keep our body healthy? What are those foods that we healthy? What are those foods that we should to avoid to eat?should to avoid to eat?

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As you are still young, you should As you are still young, you should develop food habits that will keep you develop food habits that will keep you healthy. As you look back on Lesson 2, what healthy. As you look back on Lesson 2, what are the foods we should eat to keep our body are the foods we should eat to keep our body healthy? What are those foods that we healthy? What are those foods that we should to avoid to eat?should to avoid to eat?

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HEALTH PROBLEMSHEALTH PROBLEMSSickness is a health Sickness is a health

problem that can slow down problem that can slow down our growth and our growth and development. What are development. What are some of the common health some of the common health problems that affect human problems that affect human growth?growth?

HEALTH PROBLEMSHEALTH PROBLEMSSickness is a health Sickness is a health

problem that can slow down problem that can slow down our growth and our growth and development. What are development. What are some of the common health some of the common health problems that affect human problems that affect human growth?growth?

MalnutritionMalnutritionPeople who do not eat the right kinds People who do not eat the right kinds

of food have a health problem called of food have a health problem called malnutritionmalnutrition. . A malnourished man is thin A malnourished man is thin and has eyes that look dull. He or she is and has eyes that look dull. He or she is not active as the others.not active as the others.

MalnutritionMalnutritionPeople who do not eat the right kinds People who do not eat the right kinds

of food have a health problem called of food have a health problem called malnutritionmalnutrition. . A malnourished man is thin A malnourished man is thin and has eyes that look dull. He or she is and has eyes that look dull. He or she is not active as the others.not active as the others.

ObesityObesityHave you seen man or Have you seen man or

woman who are very fat? woman who are very fat? Can these people move as Can these people move as fast as the others can? Can fast as the others can? Can they engage in activities like they engage in activities like hiking, ball games or hiking, ball games or swimming?swimming?

ObesityObesityHave you seen man or Have you seen man or

woman who are very fat? woman who are very fat? Can these people move as Can these people move as fast as the others can? Can fast as the others can? Can they engage in activities like they engage in activities like hiking, ball games or hiking, ball games or swimming?swimming?

Very fat people have a health problem Very fat people have a health problem called called obesityobesity. Obesity increases the risk of . Obesity increases the risk of developing disease. Obese people are more than developing disease. Obese people are more than twice as likely to develop hypertension. The risk twice as likely to develop hypertension. The risk of medical complications, particularly heart of medical complications, particularly heart disease, increases when body fat is distributed disease, increases when body fat is distributed around the waist, especially in the abdomen. around the waist, especially in the abdomen. Obesity can be prevented or managed with a Obesity can be prevented or managed with a combination of diet, exercise and behavior combination of diet, exercise and behavior modification.modification.

Very fat people have a health problem Very fat people have a health problem called called obesityobesity. Obesity increases the risk of . Obesity increases the risk of developing disease. Obese people are more than developing disease. Obese people are more than twice as likely to develop hypertension. The risk twice as likely to develop hypertension. The risk of medical complications, particularly heart of medical complications, particularly heart disease, increases when body fat is distributed disease, increases when body fat is distributed around the waist, especially in the abdomen. around the waist, especially in the abdomen. Obesity can be prevented or managed with a Obesity can be prevented or managed with a combination of diet, exercise and behavior combination of diet, exercise and behavior modification.modification.

Intestinal ParasitesIntestinal ParasitesIntestinal ParasitesIntestinal Parasites

body through the skin of the hands and body through the skin of the hands and feet or through the food that a child eats, feet or through the food that a child eats, and live in the intestine.and live in the intestine.

body through the skin of the hands and body through the skin of the hands and feet or through the food that a child eats, feet or through the food that a child eats, and live in the intestine.and live in the intestine.

Have you seen a child Have you seen a child who is thin and pale whose who is thin and pale whose stomach is big? Most stomach is big? Most likely, this child has likely, this child has intestinal parasites. intestinal parasites. Intestinal parasites are Intestinal parasites are worms that worms that enter theenter the

Have you seen a child Have you seen a child who is thin and pale whose who is thin and pale whose stomach is big? Most stomach is big? Most likely, this child has likely, this child has intestinal parasites. intestinal parasites. Intestinal parasites are Intestinal parasites are worms that worms that enter theenter the

Look at Figure 4-15. The light micrograph Look at Figure 4-15. The light micrograph reveals adult intestinal reveals adult intestinal Schistosoma mansoni,Schistosoma mansoni, one of the species of blood flukes that cause one of the species of blood flukes that cause the disease known as the disease known as schistosomiasisschistosomiasis. The . The males are thick and blue; the females are thin males are thick and blue; the females are thin and clear. A type of flatworm, while in larval and clear. A type of flatworm, while in larval form blood flukes enter the bloodstreams of form blood flukes enter the bloodstreams of people or animals exposed to contaminated people or animals exposed to contaminated water in tropical and subtropical climates, and water in tropical and subtropical climates, and then lay their eggs inside the host’s body. The then lay their eggs inside the host’s body. The disease’s symptoms, which include disease’s symptoms, which include diarrheadiarrhea,, inflammationinflammation, and, and hemorrhage hemorrhage, vary depending , vary depending on the species of fluke and what part of the on the species of fluke and what part of the body it infests. The disease may be fatal if body it infests. The disease may be fatal if untreated.untreated.

Look at Figure 4-15. The light micrograph Look at Figure 4-15. The light micrograph reveals adult intestinal reveals adult intestinal Schistosoma mansoni,Schistosoma mansoni, one of the species of blood flukes that cause one of the species of blood flukes that cause the disease known as the disease known as schistosomiasisschistosomiasis. The . The males are thick and blue; the females are thin males are thick and blue; the females are thin and clear. A type of flatworm, while in larval and clear. A type of flatworm, while in larval form blood flukes enter the bloodstreams of form blood flukes enter the bloodstreams of people or animals exposed to contaminated people or animals exposed to contaminated water in tropical and subtropical climates, and water in tropical and subtropical climates, and then lay their eggs inside the host’s body. The then lay their eggs inside the host’s body. The disease’s symptoms, which include disease’s symptoms, which include diarrheadiarrhea,, inflammationinflammation, and, and hemorrhage hemorrhage, vary depending , vary depending on the species of fluke and what part of the on the species of fluke and what part of the body it infests. The disease may be fatal if body it infests. The disease may be fatal if untreated.untreated.

Rheumatic Heart DiseaseRheumatic Heart Disease According to a study, one out of every one According to a study, one out of every one

thousand children has rheumatic heart disease. thousand children has rheumatic heart disease. One of the causes of this is One of the causes of this is strepthroatstrepthroat, , an an inflammation of the throat caused by the germ inflammation of the throat caused by the germ StreptococcusStreptococcus. . A child with rheumatic heart A child with rheumatic heart easily gets tired and feels weak most of the time. easily gets tired and feels weak most of the time. He or she cannot do the activities that other He or she cannot do the activities that other children can do.children can do.

Rheumatic Heart DiseaseRheumatic Heart Disease According to a study, one out of every one According to a study, one out of every one

thousand children has rheumatic heart disease. thousand children has rheumatic heart disease. One of the causes of this is One of the causes of this is strepthroatstrepthroat, , an an inflammation of the throat caused by the germ inflammation of the throat caused by the germ StreptococcusStreptococcus. . A child with rheumatic heart A child with rheumatic heart easily gets tired and feels weak most of the time. easily gets tired and feels weak most of the time. He or she cannot do the activities that other He or she cannot do the activities that other children can do.children can do.

Do you suffer from the mentioned health Do you suffer from the mentioned health problems? If not, what have you done in order to problems? If not, what have you done in order to prevent those health problems? prevent those health problems? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.___________.

Do you suffer from the mentioned health Do you suffer from the mentioned health problems? If not, what have you done in order to problems? If not, what have you done in order to prevent those health problems? prevent those health problems? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.___________.

RACERACERace also affects the Race also affects the

development of human development of human being. People who lived in being. People who lived in a cold place like the Inuit a cold place like the Inuit people, who live in the people, who live in the extreme cold of the Arctic, extreme cold of the Arctic, tend to have short, stout tend to have short, stout bodies that conserve heatbodies that conserve heat..

RACERACERace also affects the Race also affects the

development of human development of human being. People who lived in being. People who lived in a cold place like the Inuit a cold place like the Inuit people, who live in the people, who live in the extreme cold of the Arctic, extreme cold of the Arctic, tend to have short, stout tend to have short, stout bodies that conserve heatbodies that conserve heat..

The Masai people, The Masai people, who live in the arid lands of who live in the arid lands of eastern Africa, tend to have eastern Africa, tend to have tall, lean bodies that tall, lean bodies that disperse heat well.disperse heat well.

The Masai people, The Masai people, who live in the arid lands of who live in the arid lands of eastern Africa, tend to have eastern Africa, tend to have tall, lean bodies that tall, lean bodies that disperse heat well.disperse heat well.

As you observed the Filipino As you observed the Filipino people, what can you say about our people, what can you say about our growth development? growth development? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.__________________________________.

As you observed the Filipino As you observed the Filipino people, what can you say about our people, what can you say about our growth development? growth development? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.__________________________________.

SURROUNDINGSSURROUNDINGSSURROUNDINGSSURROUNDINGS

Figure 4-18: The Dumpsite

Figure 4-18: The DumpsiteFigure 4-18: The DumpsiteLook at the Figure 4-18. Look at the Figure 4-18. Have you seen a family Have you seen a family living near in this kind of living near in this kind of surrounding? Do they surrounding? Do they look healthy? Why?look healthy? Why?

Figure 4-18: The DumpsiteFigure 4-18: The DumpsiteLook at the Figure 4-18. Look at the Figure 4-18. Have you seen a family Have you seen a family living near in this kind of living near in this kind of surrounding? Do they surrounding? Do they look healthy? Why?look healthy? Why?

Observe your surrounding. Are there many Observe your surrounding. Are there many plants? Are there stray animals? Is there garbage plants? Are there stray animals? Is there garbage around?around?

Surrounding is the another factor that affects Surrounding is the another factor that affects our growth and development. Plants in our our growth and development. Plants in our surroundings help make the air fresh. Clean and surroundings help make the air fresh. Clean and fresh air in our surroundings helps make us healthy.fresh air in our surroundings helps make us healthy.

Dirty surroundings are homes for harmful Dirty surroundings are homes for harmful germs. Many germs cause diseases.germs. Many germs cause diseases.

Observe your surrounding. Are there many Observe your surrounding. Are there many plants? Are there stray animals? Is there garbage plants? Are there stray animals? Is there garbage around?around?

Surrounding is the another factor that affects Surrounding is the another factor that affects our growth and development. Plants in our our growth and development. Plants in our surroundings help make the air fresh. Clean and surroundings help make the air fresh. Clean and fresh air in our surroundings helps make us healthy.fresh air in our surroundings helps make us healthy.

Dirty surroundings are homes for harmful Dirty surroundings are homes for harmful germs. Many germs cause diseases.germs. Many germs cause diseases.

People, especially children, who live in places People, especially children, who live in places where there is much garbage, are often sickly. They where there is much garbage, are often sickly. They do not breathe in fresh air. Germs contaminate the do not breathe in fresh air. Germs contaminate the foods they eat. Germs enter their bodies when they foods they eat. Germs enter their bodies when they play in the dirty surroundings. Children often get hurt play in the dirty surroundings. Children often get hurt when their surroundings are littered with empty cans, when their surroundings are littered with empty cans, broken bottles and other rubbish.broken bottles and other rubbish.

People, especially children, who live in places People, especially children, who live in places where there is much garbage, are often sickly. They where there is much garbage, are often sickly. They do not breathe in fresh air. Germs contaminate the do not breathe in fresh air. Germs contaminate the foods they eat. Germs enter their bodies when they foods they eat. Germs enter their bodies when they play in the dirty surroundings. Children often get hurt play in the dirty surroundings. Children often get hurt when their surroundings are littered with empty cans, when their surroundings are littered with empty cans, broken bottles and other rubbish.broken bottles and other rubbish.

Do you want to live in a clean surrounding? How Do you want to live in a clean surrounding? How can you help make your surroundings safe and can you help make your surroundings safe and healthy?healthy?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.________________________.

Do you want to live in a clean surrounding? How Do you want to live in a clean surrounding? How can you help make your surroundings safe and can you help make your surroundings safe and healthy?healthy?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.________________________.

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Activity 4-4Activity 4-4FACTORS AFFECTING LEARNINGFACTORS AFFECTING LEARNING

Direction: Identify the following statement by filling the right Direction: Identify the following statement by filling the right word(s) that corresponds with the statement in the space word(s) that corresponds with the statement in the space provided.provided.

_______________ 1. It contaminates the food that we eat._______________ 1. It contaminates the food that we eat._______________ 2. Live in the arid lands of eastern Africa._______________ 2. Live in the arid lands of eastern Africa._______________ 3. Worms that enters the body through the _______________ 3. Worms that enters the body through the

skin of the hands and feet or through the food that we eat and skin of the hands and feet or through the food that we eat and it lives in the intestine.it lives in the intestine.

_______________ 4. People who are not eating the right kind of _______________ 4. People who are not eating the right kind of foods and who is thin that have eyes that look dull.foods and who is thin that have eyes that look dull.

_______________ 5. People who are very fat and they _______________ 5. People who are very fat and they continuously going bigger and bigger.continuously going bigger and bigger.

_______________ 6. Inflammation of the throat caused by the _______________ 6. Inflammation of the throat caused by the germ.germ.

_______________ 7. Acts like a blueprint for our body._______________ 7. Acts like a blueprint for our body._______________ 8. This is the unit of heredity._______________ 8. This is the unit of heredity._______________ 9. Live in the extreme cold of the Arctic._______________ 9. Live in the extreme cold of the Arctic._______________ 10. Passing of traits from parents to offspring._______________ 10. Passing of traits from parents to offspring.

Activity 4-4Activity 4-4FACTORS AFFECTING LEARNINGFACTORS AFFECTING LEARNING

Direction: Identify the following statement by filling the right Direction: Identify the following statement by filling the right word(s) that corresponds with the statement in the space word(s) that corresponds with the statement in the space provided.provided.

_______________ 1. It contaminates the food that we eat._______________ 1. It contaminates the food that we eat._______________ 2. Live in the arid lands of eastern Africa._______________ 2. Live in the arid lands of eastern Africa._______________ 3. Worms that enters the body through the _______________ 3. Worms that enters the body through the

skin of the hands and feet or through the food that we eat and skin of the hands and feet or through the food that we eat and it lives in the intestine.it lives in the intestine.

_______________ 4. People who are not eating the right kind of _______________ 4. People who are not eating the right kind of foods and who is thin that have eyes that look dull.foods and who is thin that have eyes that look dull.

_______________ 5. People who are very fat and they _______________ 5. People who are very fat and they continuously going bigger and bigger.continuously going bigger and bigger.

_______________ 6. Inflammation of the throat caused by the _______________ 6. Inflammation of the throat caused by the germ.germ.

_______________ 7. Acts like a blueprint for our body._______________ 7. Acts like a blueprint for our body._______________ 8. This is the unit of heredity._______________ 8. This is the unit of heredity._______________ 9. Live in the extreme cold of the Arctic._______________ 9. Live in the extreme cold of the Arctic._______________ 10. Passing of traits from parents to offspring._______________ 10. Passing of traits from parents to offspring.

Name:______________________ Date: _______________Name:______________________ Date: _______________Grade:________________________Score: _______________Grade:________________________Score: _______________Name:______________________ Date: _______________Name:______________________ Date: _______________

Grade:________________________Score: _______________Grade:________________________Score: _______________

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A. ObservationA. ObservationLook at the illustration below, Growth Stages. Write the Look at the illustration below, Growth Stages. Write the different changes of the child in every stage.different changes of the child in every stage.

A. ObservationA. ObservationLook at the illustration below, Growth Stages. Write the Look at the illustration below, Growth Stages. Write the different changes of the child in every stage.different changes of the child in every stage.

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B. B. Name the DifferencesName the Differences Compare the looks of these two girls. Name their Compare the looks of these two girls. Name their differences. Fill in the tabledifferences. Fill in the table..

B. B. Name the DifferencesName the Differences Compare the looks of these two girls. Name their Compare the looks of these two girls. Name their differences. Fill in the tabledifferences. Fill in the table..

Physical ChangePhysical Change Social ChangeSocial Change Mental ChangeMental Change

FirstFirst SeconSecondd FirstFirst SecondSecond FirstFirst SecondSecond

C. Interactive ActivityC. Interactive Activity

Group yourself into four. In each Group yourself into four. In each group, assign a leader that will think of a group, assign a leader that will think of a thing, thing, event, and a person that will be event, and a person that will be guessedguessed by the other groups. We will by the other groups. We will play … play … CHARADE!!! CHARADE!!!

C. Interactive ActivityC. Interactive Activity

Group yourself into four. In each Group yourself into four. In each group, assign a leader that will think of a group, assign a leader that will think of a thing, thing, event, and a person that will be event, and a person that will be guessedguessed by the other groups. We will by the other groups. We will play … play … CHARADE!!! CHARADE!!!

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BODILY FUNCTIONSBODILY FUNCTIONSBODILY FUNCTIONSBODILY FUNCTIONS

BurpingBurping

It’s all matter of gas. It’s all matter of gas. When you eat, you also When you eat, you also swallow air, and air is swallow air, and air is made up of gas made up of gas molecules. Sometimes molecules. Sometimes gas in your stomachgas in your stomach

BurpingBurping

It’s all matter of gas. It’s all matter of gas. When you eat, you also When you eat, you also swallow air, and air is swallow air, and air is made up of gas made up of gas molecules. Sometimes molecules. Sometimes gas in your stomachgas in your stomachcomes back up the comes back up the

esophagus and before you know it. esophagus and before you know it. BUURRRP!BUURRRP!

comes back up the comes back up the esophagus and before you know it. esophagus and before you know it. BUURRRP!BUURRRP!

Next Contents

FartingFarting

But often the gas moves But often the gas moves on, passing through your on, passing through your digestive system as food digestive system as food moves through the body. The moves through the body. The process of breaking down process of breaking down food in a large intestine food in a large intestine makes more gas (the smelly makes more gas (the smelly kind). Between the gas you kind). Between the gas you swallowed and the gas in swallowed and the gas in your body- and it can’t stay in your body- and it can’t stay in you. The gases that make it you. The gases that make it past your stomach leave your past your stomach leave your body as body as farts.farts.

FartingFarting

But often the gas moves But often the gas moves on, passing through your on, passing through your digestive system as food digestive system as food moves through the body. The moves through the body. The process of breaking down process of breaking down food in a large intestine food in a large intestine makes more gas (the smelly makes more gas (the smelly kind). Between the gas you kind). Between the gas you swallowed and the gas in swallowed and the gas in your body- and it can’t stay in your body- and it can’t stay in you. The gases that make it you. The gases that make it past your stomach leave your past your stomach leave your body as body as farts.farts.

DandruffDandruff

Those pesky oil Those pesky oil glands are at it again. glands are at it again. Your skin is always Your skin is always shedding cells-all day shedding cells-all day long, every day of the long, every day of the year. (Dust is actually year. (Dust is actually made up largely of deadmade up largely of dead

DandruffDandruff

Those pesky oil Those pesky oil glands are at it again. glands are at it again. Your skin is always Your skin is always shedding cells-all day shedding cells-all day long, every day of the long, every day of the year. (Dust is actually year. (Dust is actually made up largely of deadmade up largely of dead

skin cells!) Sometimes, the glands on your skin cells!) Sometimes, the glands on your scalp produce too much oil and cause the scalp produce too much oil and cause the shedding skin to stick together in flaky shedding skin to stick together in flaky clumps. That’sclumps. That’s dandruff.dandruff.

skin cells!) Sometimes, the glands on your skin cells!) Sometimes, the glands on your scalp produce too much oil and cause the scalp produce too much oil and cause the shedding skin to stick together in flaky shedding skin to stick together in flaky clumps. That’sclumps. That’s dandruff.dandruff.

Scabs and PusScabs and Pus

ScabsScabs are natural bandages. When you are natural bandages. When you get a cut, blood rushes to the scene of the get a cut, blood rushes to the scene of the wound. Platelets in your blood cause it to clot wound. Platelets in your blood cause it to clot and harden at the surface of the skin so that and harden at the surface of the skin so that the cells below can repairthe cells below can repair

Scabs and PusScabs and Pus

ScabsScabs are natural bandages. When you are natural bandages. When you get a cut, blood rushes to the scene of the get a cut, blood rushes to the scene of the wound. Platelets in your blood cause it to clot wound. Platelets in your blood cause it to clot and harden at the surface of the skin so that and harden at the surface of the skin so that the cells below can repairthe cells below can repairthemselves. When the themselves. When the repair work is done, the repair work is done, the scab will fall off. scab will fall off. Sometimes, yellowish goo Sometimes, yellowish goo called pus seeps out of a called pus seeps out of a cut. cut. PusPus is just dead cells, is just dead cells,

themselves. When the themselves. When the repair work is done, the repair work is done, the scab will fall off. scab will fall off. Sometimes, yellowish goo Sometimes, yellowish goo called pus seeps out of a called pus seeps out of a cut. cut. PusPus is just dead cells, is just dead cells, bacteria, and some leftover white blood cells bacteria, and some leftover white blood cells that your body is pushing out.that your body is pushing out.bacteria, and some leftover white blood cells bacteria, and some leftover white blood cells that your body is pushing out.that your body is pushing out.

Snot and BoogersSnot and Boogers

They’re made of They’re made of mucus-a thick slimy mucus-a thick slimy substance that lives in substance that lives in your nose. Mucus traps your nose. Mucus traps dust and dirt that you dust and dirt that you breathe in, so that it breathe in, so that it doesn’t get through to doesn’t get through to your lungs. Mucus also your lungs. Mucus also protects the delicate protects the delicate skin inside your nose. skin inside your nose.

Snot and BoogersSnot and Boogers

They’re made of They’re made of mucus-a thick slimy mucus-a thick slimy substance that lives in substance that lives in your nose. Mucus traps your nose. Mucus traps dust and dirt that you dust and dirt that you breathe in, so that it breathe in, so that it doesn’t get through to doesn’t get through to your lungs. Mucus also your lungs. Mucus also protects the delicate protects the delicate skin inside your nose. skin inside your nose. When mucus clumps up around dirt and When mucus clumps up around dirt and debris, you have a booger.debris, you have a booger.When mucus clumps up around dirt and When mucus clumps up around dirt and debris, you have a booger.debris, you have a booger.

ZitsZits Annoying as they are, zits Annoying as they are, zits are actually just clogged are actually just clogged pores produce just the right pores produce just the right amount of sebum (oil) to amount of sebum (oil) to lubricate your skin and lubricate your skin and everything is fine and dandy. everything is fine and dandy. But sometimes, lie during But sometimes, lie during puberty, they producepuberty, they produce too too much oil and the pore itselfmuch oil and the pore itself

ZitsZits Annoying as they are, zits Annoying as they are, zits are actually just clogged are actually just clogged pores produce just the right pores produce just the right amount of sebum (oil) to amount of sebum (oil) to lubricate your skin and lubricate your skin and everything is fine and dandy. everything is fine and dandy. But sometimes, lie during But sometimes, lie during puberty, they producepuberty, they produce too too much oil and the pore itselfmuch oil and the pore itself

becomes clogged with the excess oil and the becomes clogged with the excess oil and the dead skin cells. When the pore becomes dead skin cells. When the pore becomes inflamed, you see a red bump pushing all that inflamed, you see a red bump pushing all that gunk to the surface. Sometimes it even has a gunk to the surface. Sometimes it even has a white tip or whitehead. When the gunk oxidizes white tip or whitehead. When the gunk oxidizes and hardens at the surface, you see a dark spot and hardens at the surface, you see a dark spot or blackhead.or blackhead.

becomes clogged with the excess oil and the becomes clogged with the excess oil and the dead skin cells. When the pore becomes dead skin cells. When the pore becomes inflamed, you see a red bump pushing all that inflamed, you see a red bump pushing all that gunk to the surface. Sometimes it even has a gunk to the surface. Sometimes it even has a white tip or whitehead. When the gunk oxidizes white tip or whitehead. When the gunk oxidizes and hardens at the surface, you see a dark spot and hardens at the surface, you see a dark spot or blackhead.or blackhead.

VomitVomit

VomitingVomiting is your is your body’s automatic response body’s automatic response to harmful bacteria, too to harmful bacteria, too much food, nerves, or much food, nerves, or motion sickness. Here’s motion sickness. Here’s how it happens: the how it happens: the muscles in your stomach muscles in your stomach and press down on your and press down on your abdomen, abdomen,

VomitVomit

VomitingVomiting is your is your body’s automatic response body’s automatic response to harmful bacteria, too to harmful bacteria, too much food, nerves, or much food, nerves, or motion sickness. Here’s motion sickness. Here’s how it happens: the how it happens: the muscles in your stomach muscles in your stomach and press down on your and press down on your abdomen, abdomen, forcing partially digested food back forcing partially digested food back up through the esophagus, into your mouth, up through the esophagus, into your mouth, and out (hopefully into the toilet)!and out (hopefully into the toilet)!

forcing partially digested food back forcing partially digested food back up through the esophagus, into your mouth, up through the esophagus, into your mouth, and out (hopefully into the toilet)!and out (hopefully into the toilet)!

EarwaxEarwax

It does for your It does for your ears what mucus ears what mucus does for your does for your nose-protects the nose-protects the delicate inside your delicate inside your sense organ and sense organ and catches dust and debris that you don’t catches dust and debris that you don’t want inside your body. Earwax also has want inside your body. Earwax also has the very important job of channeling the very important job of channeling sound waves to your eardrum.sound waves to your eardrum.

EarwaxEarwax

It does for your It does for your ears what mucus ears what mucus does for your does for your nose-protects the nose-protects the delicate inside your delicate inside your sense organ and sense organ and catches dust and debris that you don’t catches dust and debris that you don’t want inside your body. Earwax also has want inside your body. Earwax also has the very important job of channeling the very important job of channeling sound waves to your eardrum.sound waves to your eardrum.

Eye GunkEye GunkTears clean your eyes and get gunk and Tears clean your eyes and get gunk and

debris off their surface.debris off their surface. Usually, your eyelids Usually, your eyelids wipe them away whenwipe them away when you blink. But at night, you blink. But at night, your eyes don’t open and your eyes don’t open and close fully, so that the close fully, so that the mixture of tear and debris mixture of tear and debris collect at the corner ofcollect at the corner of your eye and harden into the crusty stuff you your eye and harden into the crusty stuff you wife away into the morning.wife away into the morning.

Eye GunkEye GunkTears clean your eyes and get gunk and Tears clean your eyes and get gunk and

debris off their surface.debris off their surface. Usually, your eyelids Usually, your eyelids wipe them away whenwipe them away when you blink. But at night, you blink. But at night, your eyes don’t open and your eyes don’t open and close fully, so that the close fully, so that the mixture of tear and debris mixture of tear and debris collect at the corner ofcollect at the corner of your eye and harden into the crusty stuff you your eye and harden into the crusty stuff you wife away into the morning.wife away into the morning.

SCIENCE IDEAS TO SCIENCE IDEAS TO REMEMBERREMEMBER

SCIENCE IDEAS TO SCIENCE IDEAS TO REMEMBERREMEMBER

The eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin The eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin are sense organs. are sense organs.

The eyes are the organs of sight.The eyes are the organs of sight. The ears are the organs of hear.The ears are the organs of hear. The nose is the organ of smell.The nose is the organ of smell. The eyes are the organs of sight.The eyes are the organs of sight. The skin is the organ of touch or The skin is the organ of touch or

feeling.feeling.

The eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin The eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin are sense organs. are sense organs.

The eyes are the organs of sight.The eyes are the organs of sight. The ears are the organs of hear.The ears are the organs of hear. The nose is the organ of smell.The nose is the organ of smell. The eyes are the organs of sight.The eyes are the organs of sight. The skin is the organ of touch or The skin is the organ of touch or

feeling.feeling.

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The bumps on our tongue are called The bumps on our tongue are called papillae.papillae.

Messages from the different sense Messages from the different sense organs are sent to different areas of organs are sent to different areas of the brains. It takes less than a second the brains. It takes less than a second for a message to reach the brain. for a message to reach the brain.

You can see, hear, smell, taste and feel You can see, hear, smell, taste and feel or or touch because the brain touch because the brain communicates communicates with all the sense with all the sense organs. It also communicates with the organs. It also communicates with the other parts of our other parts of our body.body.

The bumps on our tongue are called The bumps on our tongue are called papillae.papillae.

Messages from the different sense Messages from the different sense organs are sent to different areas of organs are sent to different areas of the brains. It takes less than a second the brains. It takes less than a second for a message to reach the brain. for a message to reach the brain.

You can see, hear, smell, taste and feel You can see, hear, smell, taste and feel or or touch because the brain touch because the brain communicates communicates with all the sense with all the sense organs. It also communicates with the organs. It also communicates with the other parts of our other parts of our body.body.

The different sense organs do important The different sense organs do important work. You should take care of them all work. You should take care of them all the time. Without the sense organs you the time. Without the sense organs you cannot appreciate the beauty of the world cannot appreciate the beauty of the world that God has given to us.that God has given to us.

Muscles normally account for 40% of Muscles normally account for 40% of one’s one’s body weight body weight

There are 200 joints in the body.There are 200 joints in the body.

Your heart beats about 100,000 times a Your heart beats about 100,000 times a day. day.

The four taste zones on your tongue are The four taste zones on your tongue are bitter (back), sour (backsides), salty bitter (back), sour (backsides), salty (front sides), and sweet (front).(front sides), and sweet (front).

The different sense organs do important The different sense organs do important work. You should take care of them all work. You should take care of them all the time. Without the sense organs you the time. Without the sense organs you cannot appreciate the beauty of the world cannot appreciate the beauty of the world that God has given to us.that God has given to us.

Muscles normally account for 40% of Muscles normally account for 40% of one’s one’s body weight body weight

There are 200 joints in the body.There are 200 joints in the body.

Your heart beats about 100,000 times a Your heart beats about 100,000 times a day. day.

The four taste zones on your tongue are The four taste zones on your tongue are bitter (back), sour (backsides), salty bitter (back), sour (backsides), salty (front sides), and sweet (front).(front sides), and sweet (front).

Your body contains eight points of blood.Your body contains eight points of blood.

Humans breathe 20 times per minute, Humans breathe 20 times per minute, more more than 10 million times per year and than 10 million times per year and abut 700 abut 700 million times in a lifetimemillion times in a lifetime

About 400 gallons of blood flow through About 400 gallons of blood flow through your kidneys in one dayyour kidneys in one day

Kids have 20 first teeth. Adults have 32 Kids have 20 first teeth. Adults have 32 teeth. teeth.

Most people shed 40 pounds of skin in a Most people shed 40 pounds of skin in a lifetime.lifetime.

The strongest muscle in the body is the The strongest muscle in the body is the masseter musclemasseter muscle, which is located in , which is located in

the the jaw.jaw.

Your body contains eight points of blood.Your body contains eight points of blood.

Humans breathe 20 times per minute, Humans breathe 20 times per minute, more more than 10 million times per year and than 10 million times per year and abut 700 abut 700 million times in a lifetimemillion times in a lifetime

About 400 gallons of blood flow through About 400 gallons of blood flow through your kidneys in one dayyour kidneys in one day

Kids have 20 first teeth. Adults have 32 Kids have 20 first teeth. Adults have 32 teeth. teeth.

Most people shed 40 pounds of skin in a Most people shed 40 pounds of skin in a lifetime.lifetime.

The strongest muscle in the body is the The strongest muscle in the body is the masseter musclemasseter muscle, which is located in , which is located in

the the jaw.jaw.

The small intestines are about 25 feet The small intestines are about 25 feet long.long.

The large intestine are 5 feet long and The large intestine are 5 feet long and three times wider than the small intestinesthree times wider than the small intestines

There are ten million nerve cells in your There are ten million nerve cells in your brain. brain.

You have about 100,00 hairs on your You have about 100,00 hairs on your head. head.

Your brain sends messages to other Your brain sends messages to other parts of your body at the rate of 240 m.p.h.parts of your body at the rate of 240 m.p.h.

Your body is 70% water.Your body is 70% water.

The small intestines are about 25 feet The small intestines are about 25 feet long.long.

The large intestine are 5 feet long and The large intestine are 5 feet long and three times wider than the small intestinesthree times wider than the small intestines

There are ten million nerve cells in your There are ten million nerve cells in your brain. brain.

You have about 100,00 hairs on your You have about 100,00 hairs on your head. head.

Your brain sends messages to other Your brain sends messages to other parts of your body at the rate of 240 m.p.h.parts of your body at the rate of 240 m.p.h.

Your body is 70% water.Your body is 70% water.

HUMAN FACTSHUMAN FACTSHUMAN FACTSHUMAN FACTSWhy do men go bald?Why do men go bald?

Men can lose their hair Men can lose their hair at any time in their lives, not at any time in their lives, not only when their grow old. Bald only when their grow old. Bald men have an inherited trait men have an inherited trait that makes them lose their hair that makes them lose their hair in a special pattern. That in a special pattern. That pattern is called male pattern pattern is called male pattern baldness. When a young man baldness. When a young man start to lose his hair, his body start to lose his hair, his body is following the instruction is following the instruction

Why do men go bald?Why do men go bald?Men can lose their hair Men can lose their hair

at any time in their lives, not at any time in their lives, not only when their grow old. Bald only when their grow old. Bald men have an inherited trait men have an inherited trait that makes them lose their hair that makes them lose their hair in a special pattern. That in a special pattern. That pattern is called male pattern pattern is called male pattern baldness. When a young man baldness. When a young man start to lose his hair, his body start to lose his hair, his body is following the instruction is following the instruction

of his genetics code-just like when your body makes of his genetics code-just like when your body makes blonde or black hair, blue or brown eyes. If you’re a blonde or black hair, blue or brown eyes. If you’re a lucky male, you might someday get a perfect bald lucky male, you might someday get a perfect bald head like mine!head like mine!

of his genetics code-just like when your body makes of his genetics code-just like when your body makes blonde or black hair, blue or brown eyes. If you’re a blonde or black hair, blue or brown eyes. If you’re a lucky male, you might someday get a perfect bald lucky male, you might someday get a perfect bald head like mine!head like mine!

What is athlete’s foot?What is athlete’s foot?

Athlete’s foot is a Athlete’s foot is a disease of the feet caused disease of the feet caused by fungus (yuck) called by fungus (yuck) called tinea pedis.tinea pedis. This fungus This fungus takes advantage of the takes advantage of the warm, moist soles of your warm, moist soles of your feet. It invades the skin feet. It invades the skin layers and makes your skin layers and makes your skin crack and peel. crack and peel.

What is athlete’s foot?What is athlete’s foot?

Athlete’s foot is a Athlete’s foot is a disease of the feet caused disease of the feet caused by fungus (yuck) called by fungus (yuck) called tinea pedis.tinea pedis. This fungus This fungus takes advantage of the takes advantage of the warm, moist soles of your warm, moist soles of your feet. It invades the skin feet. It invades the skin layers and makes your skin layers and makes your skin crack and peel. crack and peel. Just because your feet peel Just because your feet peel doesn’t peel mean you have athlete’s foot, doesn’t peel mean you have athlete’s foot, however. It is the cracking of the skin that is however. It is the cracking of the skin that is painful and main symptom of the illness. To get painful and main symptom of the illness. To get athlete’s foot you do not need to be an athlete, athlete’s foot you do not need to be an athlete, but you do have moist feet. To avoid it, just air but you do have moist feet. To avoid it, just air out your sneakers and feet every day.out your sneakers and feet every day.

Just because your feet peel Just because your feet peel doesn’t peel mean you have athlete’s foot, doesn’t peel mean you have athlete’s foot, however. It is the cracking of the skin that is however. It is the cracking of the skin that is painful and main symptom of the illness. To get painful and main symptom of the illness. To get athlete’s foot you do not need to be an athlete, athlete’s foot you do not need to be an athlete, but you do have moist feet. To avoid it, just air but you do have moist feet. To avoid it, just air out your sneakers and feet every day.out your sneakers and feet every day.

Why does my nose run?Why does my nose run?The nose serves as one of the body’s first The nose serves as one of the body’s first

barriers against infection. Your nose makes more barriers against infection. Your nose makes more mucus when a foreign substance, such as a mucus when a foreign substance, such as a virus, enters the body. That mucus, combined virus, enters the body. That mucus, combined with an increased flow of blood to the nose with an increased flow of blood to the nose caused by infection, makes your nose “run” with caused by infection, makes your nose “run” with excess liquid. And it keeps tissue companies in excess liquid. And it keeps tissue companies in business.business.

Why does my nose run?Why does my nose run?The nose serves as one of the body’s first The nose serves as one of the body’s first

barriers against infection. Your nose makes more barriers against infection. Your nose makes more mucus when a foreign substance, such as a mucus when a foreign substance, such as a virus, enters the body. That mucus, combined virus, enters the body. That mucus, combined with an increased flow of blood to the nose with an increased flow of blood to the nose caused by infection, makes your nose “run” with caused by infection, makes your nose “run” with excess liquid. And it keeps tissue companies in excess liquid. And it keeps tissue companies in business.business.

Why do we blink?Why do we blink?Blinking protects our Blinking protects our

eyes from foreign objects, eyes from foreign objects, sweeps up dirt that gets in our sweeps up dirt that gets in our eyes and lubricates our eyes eyes and lubricates our eyes by spreading tears across their by spreading tears across their surface. Isn’t that a lot to surface. Isn’t that a lot to accomplish in the “blink of an accomplish in the “blink of an eye?” You blink your eyes eye?” You blink your eyes about 20,000 times a day.about 20,000 times a day.

Why do we blink?Why do we blink?Blinking protects our Blinking protects our

eyes from foreign objects, eyes from foreign objects, sweeps up dirt that gets in our sweeps up dirt that gets in our eyes and lubricates our eyes eyes and lubricates our eyes by spreading tears across their by spreading tears across their surface. Isn’t that a lot to surface. Isn’t that a lot to accomplish in the “blink of an accomplish in the “blink of an eye?” You blink your eyes eye?” You blink your eyes about 20,000 times a day.about 20,000 times a day.

Why does a bruise turn colors?Why does a bruise turn colors?A bruise is actually a pockets of blood A bruise is actually a pockets of blood

under the skin caused by a broken blood vessel. under the skin caused by a broken blood vessel. It changes color and fades as the body It changes color and fades as the body reabsorbs, the blood from the bruise. reabsorbs, the blood from the bruise.

Why does a bruise turn colors?Why does a bruise turn colors?A bruise is actually a pockets of blood A bruise is actually a pockets of blood

under the skin caused by a broken blood vessel. under the skin caused by a broken blood vessel. It changes color and fades as the body It changes color and fades as the body reabsorbs, the blood from the bruise. reabsorbs, the blood from the bruise.

Do you know that…Do you know that…Do you know that…Do you know that…

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BRAINPOP, BRAINPOP, Popular Science Almanac, Popular Science Almanac, New York: New York: Roundtable Press, Inc., 2004.Roundtable Press, Inc., 2004.

CORONEL, Carmelita C., Norma M. Abracia, Ed.D., CORONEL, Carmelita C., Norma M. Abracia, Ed.D., Science and Health, Science and Health, Textbook for Grade Three, Textbook for Grade Three, Manila: SD Publications, Inc., 2000.Manila: SD Publications, Inc., 2000.

FAJARDO, Edenelita B., FAJARDO, Edenelita B., The Wonderful World of The Wonderful World of Science, Science, Quezon CityQuezon City: : FNB Educational Inc., FNB Educational Inc., 2001.2001.

LESEÑANA, Emma R. and Florencia B. Bautista, LESEÑANA, Emma R. and Florencia B. Bautista, Learning and Growing Through Science 4, Learning and Growing Through Science 4, Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Philippine Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Philippine Graphic Arts, Inc., 1972. Graphic Arts, Inc., 1972.

___________, ___________, Let’s Discover the Human Body, Let’s Discover the Human Body, New New York: Playmore Inc., Publishers and Waldman York: Playmore Inc., Publishers and Waldman Publishing Corp., 2004.Publishing Corp., 2004.

BRAINPOP, BRAINPOP, Popular Science Almanac, Popular Science Almanac, New York: New York: Roundtable Press, Inc., 2004.Roundtable Press, Inc., 2004.

CORONEL, Carmelita C., Norma M. Abracia, Ed.D., CORONEL, Carmelita C., Norma M. Abracia, Ed.D., Science and Health, Science and Health, Textbook for Grade Three, Textbook for Grade Three, Manila: SD Publications, Inc., 2000.Manila: SD Publications, Inc., 2000.

FAJARDO, Edenelita B., FAJARDO, Edenelita B., The Wonderful World of The Wonderful World of Science, Science, Quezon CityQuezon City: : FNB Educational Inc., FNB Educational Inc., 2001.2001.

LESEÑANA, Emma R. and Florencia B. Bautista, LESEÑANA, Emma R. and Florencia B. Bautista, Learning and Growing Through Science 4, Learning and Growing Through Science 4, Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Philippine Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Philippine Graphic Arts, Inc., 1972. Graphic Arts, Inc., 1972.

___________, ___________, Let’s Discover the Human Body, Let’s Discover the Human Body, New New York: Playmore Inc., Publishers and Waldman York: Playmore Inc., Publishers and Waldman Publishing Corp., 2004.Publishing Corp., 2004.

MACKIE, Ann, MACKIE, Ann, and The Fun-to-Learn PICTURE and The Fun-to-Learn PICTURE ENCYCLOPEDIA, ENCYCLOPEDIA, UNITED KINGDOM: UNITED KINGDOM: Grandreams Books, 2006.Grandreams Books, 2006.ROWEN, Anne, ROWEN, Anne, ALMANAC 2008 with Fact ALMANAC 2008 with Fact Monster, Monster, TIME FOR KIDS, New York: TIME FOR KIDS, New York: Time for Kids Books ,Time Inc., 2007.Time for Kids Books ,Time Inc., 2007.SIRUNO, Rufino S. and Edgar V. Siruno, SIRUNO, Rufino S. and Edgar V. Siruno, Child Child

Growth and Development, Growth and Development, Quezon Quezon City, City, Philippines: Rex Printing Company, Inc., Philippines: Rex Printing Company, Inc., 1978.1978.

TADEO, Milagros and Purificacion N. Marcelino, TADEO, Milagros and Purificacion N. Marcelino, Science and Health 3, Science and Health 3, Quezon City: Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, 1995.Phoenix Publishing House, 1995.

MACKIE, Ann, MACKIE, Ann, and The Fun-to-Learn PICTURE and The Fun-to-Learn PICTURE ENCYCLOPEDIA, ENCYCLOPEDIA, UNITED KINGDOM: UNITED KINGDOM: Grandreams Books, 2006.Grandreams Books, 2006.ROWEN, Anne, ROWEN, Anne, ALMANAC 2008 with Fact ALMANAC 2008 with Fact Monster, Monster, TIME FOR KIDS, New York: TIME FOR KIDS, New York: Time for Kids Books ,Time Inc., 2007.Time for Kids Books ,Time Inc., 2007.SIRUNO, Rufino S. and Edgar V. Siruno, SIRUNO, Rufino S. and Edgar V. Siruno, Child Child

Growth and Development, Growth and Development, Quezon Quezon City, City, Philippines: Rex Printing Company, Inc., Philippines: Rex Printing Company, Inc., 1978.1978.

TADEO, Milagros and Purificacion N. Marcelino, TADEO, Milagros and Purificacion N. Marcelino, Science and Health 3, Science and Health 3, Quezon City: Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, 1995.Phoenix Publishing House, 1995.

MICROSOFT Clip GalleryMICROSOFT Clip Gallery

MICROSOFT Encarta Encyclopedia MICROSOFT Encarta Encyclopedia

Deluxe 2004.Deluxe 2004.

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Name: Name: Simonette M. ManaloSimonette M. ManaloAddress: Address: Brgy. Banago, Nagcarlan, LagunaBrgy. Banago, Nagcarlan, LagunaBirthday: Birthday: October 5, 1975October 5, 1975Civil Status: Civil Status: MarriedMarriedNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09103613797 09103613797Email Address: Email Address: simonette_manalo@yahoo.comsimonette_manalo@yahoo.com

Name: Name: Simonette M. ManaloSimonette M. ManaloAddress: Address: Brgy. Banago, Nagcarlan, LagunaBrgy. Banago, Nagcarlan, LagunaBirthday: Birthday: October 5, 1975October 5, 1975Civil Status: Civil Status: MarriedMarriedNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09103613797 09103613797Email Address: Email Address: simonette_manalo@yahoo.comsimonette_manalo@yahoo.com

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EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Tertiary: Tertiary: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course: Course: Bachelor of Elementary EducationBachelor of Elementary EducationMajor in General Education Major in General Education

Vocational: Vocational: Adventist University of the Adventist University of the PhilippinesPhilippines

Course: Course: Office Management with ComputerOffice Management with ComputerSecondary: Secondary: CC Technical InstituteCC Technical InstituteElementary: Elementary: Yukos Elementary SchoolYukos Elementary School

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Tertiary: Tertiary: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course: Course: Bachelor of Elementary EducationBachelor of Elementary EducationMajor in General Education Major in General Education

Vocational: Vocational: Adventist University of the Adventist University of the PhilippinesPhilippines

Course: Course: Office Management with ComputerOffice Management with ComputerSecondary: Secondary: CC Technical InstituteCC Technical InstituteElementary: Elementary: Yukos Elementary SchoolYukos Elementary School

Name: Name: Genald Vern C. MatiningGenald Vern C. MatiningAddress: Address: 100 East Poblacion, Rizal, Laguna 100 East Poblacion, Rizal, Laguna Birthday: Birthday: March 11, 1984March 11, 1984Civil Status: Civil Status: SingleSingleNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09283568485 09283568485Email Address: Email Address: genald_matining@yahoo.comgenald_matining@yahoo.com

Burn_dflame@yahoo.comBurn_dflame@yahoo.com

Name: Name: Genald Vern C. MatiningGenald Vern C. MatiningAddress: Address: 100 East Poblacion, Rizal, Laguna 100 East Poblacion, Rizal, Laguna Birthday: Birthday: March 11, 1984March 11, 1984Civil Status: Civil Status: SingleSingleNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09283568485 09283568485Email Address: Email Address: genald_matining@yahoo.comgenald_matining@yahoo.com

Burn_dflame@yahoo.comBurn_dflame@yahoo.com

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Tertiary: Tertiary: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course: Course: Bachelor of Elementary EducationBachelor of Elementary Education

Major in General Education Major in General Education Secondary: Secondary: St. Mary’s AcademySt. Mary’s Academy

Nagcarlan, LagunaNagcarlan, LagunaElementary: Elementary: Rizal Elementary SchoolRizal Elementary School

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Tertiary: Tertiary: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course: Course: Bachelor of Elementary EducationBachelor of Elementary Education

Major in General Education Major in General Education Secondary: Secondary: St. Mary’s AcademySt. Mary’s Academy

Nagcarlan, LagunaNagcarlan, LagunaElementary: Elementary: Rizal Elementary SchoolRizal Elementary School

Name: Name: Michelle Buenafe I. ViseyMichelle Buenafe I. ViseyAddress: Address: 333 Brgy. Tala, Rizal, Laguna 333 Brgy. Tala, Rizal, Laguna Birthday: Birthday: May 7, 1990May 7, 1990Civil Status: Civil Status: SingleSingleNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09106957367 09106957367Email Address: Email Address: michellebuenafe.visey@yahoo.commichellebuenafe.visey@yahoo.com

Name: Name: Michelle Buenafe I. ViseyMichelle Buenafe I. ViseyAddress: Address: 333 Brgy. Tala, Rizal, Laguna 333 Brgy. Tala, Rizal, Laguna Birthday: Birthday: May 7, 1990May 7, 1990Civil Status: Civil Status: SingleSingleNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09106957367 09106957367Email Address: Email Address: michellebuenafe.visey@yahoo.commichellebuenafe.visey@yahoo.com

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Tertiary: Tertiary: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course: Course: Bachelor of Elementary EducationBachelor of Elementary EducationMajor in General Education Major in General Education

Secondary: Secondary: Rizal National High SchoolRizal National High School Rizal, LagunaRizal, Laguna

Elementary: Elementary: Rizal Elementary SchoolRizal Elementary School

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Tertiary: Tertiary: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course: Course: Bachelor of Elementary EducationBachelor of Elementary EducationMajor in General Education Major in General Education

Secondary: Secondary: Rizal National High SchoolRizal National High School Rizal, LagunaRizal, Laguna

Elementary: Elementary: Rizal Elementary SchoolRizal Elementary School

Name: Name: Rainer R. FiscalRainer R. FiscalAddress: Address: Brgy. TalangkaBrgy. Talangka

Sta. Maria, Laguna Sta. Maria, Laguna Birthday: Birthday: June 10, 1983June 10, 1983Civil Status: Civil Status: SingleSingleNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09184343796 09184343796

Name: Name: Rainer R. FiscalRainer R. FiscalAddress: Address: Brgy. TalangkaBrgy. Talangka

Sta. Maria, Laguna Sta. Maria, Laguna Birthday: Birthday: June 10, 1983June 10, 1983Civil Status: Civil Status: SingleSingleNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09184343796 09184343796

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Post Graduate: Post Graduate: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course: Course: Master of Arts in TeachingMaster of Arts in Teaching

Major in Social ScienceMajor in Social ScienceTertiary: Tertiary: University of RizalUniversity of Rizal Course: Course: Bachelor of Secondary EducationBachelor of Secondary Education

Major in ChemistryMajor in Chemistry

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Post Graduate: Post Graduate: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course: Course: Master of Arts in TeachingMaster of Arts in Teaching

Major in Social ScienceMajor in Social ScienceTertiary: Tertiary: University of RizalUniversity of Rizal Course: Course: Bachelor of Secondary EducationBachelor of Secondary Education

Major in ChemistryMajor in Chemistry

Name: Name: For-Ian V. SandovalFor-Ian V. SandovalAddress: Address: 40 V. Brgy. Wawa40 V. Brgy. Wawa J. Rizal StreetJ. Rizal Street Siniloan, LagunaSiniloan, LagunaBirthday: Birthday: April 5, 1979April 5, 1979Civil Status: Civil Status: MarriedMarriedNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09162217711 09162217711Email Address: Email Address: fvsandoval@yahoo.comfvsandoval@yahoo.com

Name: Name: For-Ian V. SandovalFor-Ian V. SandovalAddress: Address: 40 V. Brgy. Wawa40 V. Brgy. Wawa J. Rizal StreetJ. Rizal Street Siniloan, LagunaSiniloan, LagunaBirthday: Birthday: April 5, 1979April 5, 1979Civil Status: Civil Status: MarriedMarriedNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09162217711 09162217711Email Address: Email Address: fvsandoval@yahoo.comfvsandoval@yahoo.com

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Post Graduate:Post Graduate: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course:Course: Master of Arts in Educational Master of Arts in Educational ManagementManagement

Tertiary:Tertiary: Far Eastern University-East Asia Far Eastern University-East Asia CollegeCollege

Course:Course: Bachelor of Science in MathematicsBachelor of Science in Mathematics Major in Computer ScienceMajor in Computer Science

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Post Graduate:Post Graduate: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course:Course: Master of Arts in Educational Master of Arts in Educational ManagementManagement

Tertiary:Tertiary: Far Eastern University-East Asia Far Eastern University-East Asia CollegeCollege

Course:Course: Bachelor of Science in MathematicsBachelor of Science in Mathematics Major in Computer ScienceMajor in Computer Science

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Name: Name: Simonette M. ManaloSimonette M. ManaloAddress: Address: Brgy. Banago, Nagcarlan, LagunaBrgy. Banago, Nagcarlan, LagunaBirthday: Birthday: October 5, 1975October 5, 1975Civil Status: Civil Status: MarriedMarriedNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09103613797 09103613797Email Address: Email Address: simonette_manalo@yahoo.comsimonette_manalo@yahoo.com

Name: Name: Simonette M. ManaloSimonette M. ManaloAddress: Address: Brgy. Banago, Nagcarlan, LagunaBrgy. Banago, Nagcarlan, LagunaBirthday: Birthday: October 5, 1975October 5, 1975Civil Status: Civil Status: MarriedMarriedNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09103613797 09103613797Email Address: Email Address: simonette_manalo@yahoo.comsimonette_manalo@yahoo.com

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EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Tertiary: Tertiary: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course: Course: Bachelor of Elementary EducationBachelor of Elementary EducationMajor in General Education Major in General Education

Vocational: Vocational: Adventist University of the Adventist University of the PhilippinesPhilippines

Course: Course: Office Management with ComputerOffice Management with ComputerSecondary: Secondary: CC Technical InstituteCC Technical InstituteElementary: Elementary: Yukos Elementary SchoolYukos Elementary School

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Tertiary: Tertiary: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course: Course: Bachelor of Elementary EducationBachelor of Elementary EducationMajor in General Education Major in General Education

Vocational: Vocational: Adventist University of the Adventist University of the PhilippinesPhilippines

Course: Course: Office Management with ComputerOffice Management with ComputerSecondary: Secondary: CC Technical InstituteCC Technical InstituteElementary: Elementary: Yukos Elementary SchoolYukos Elementary School

Name: Name: Genald Vern C. MatiningGenald Vern C. MatiningAddress: Address: 100 East Poblacion, Rizal, Laguna 100 East Poblacion, Rizal, Laguna Birthday: Birthday: March 11, 1984March 11, 1984Civil Status: Civil Status: SingleSingleNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09283568485 09283568485Email Address: Email Address: genald_matining@yahoo.comgenald_matining@yahoo.com

Burn_dflame@yahoo.comBurn_dflame@yahoo.com

Name: Name: Genald Vern C. MatiningGenald Vern C. MatiningAddress: Address: 100 East Poblacion, Rizal, Laguna 100 East Poblacion, Rizal, Laguna Birthday: Birthday: March 11, 1984March 11, 1984Civil Status: Civil Status: SingleSingleNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09283568485 09283568485Email Address: Email Address: genald_matining@yahoo.comgenald_matining@yahoo.com

Burn_dflame@yahoo.comBurn_dflame@yahoo.com

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Tertiary: Tertiary: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course: Course: Bachelor of Elementary EducationBachelor of Elementary Education

Major in General Education Major in General Education Secondary: Secondary: St. Mary’s AcademySt. Mary’s Academy

Nagcarlan, LagunaNagcarlan, LagunaElementary: Elementary: Rizal Elementary SchoolRizal Elementary School

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Tertiary: Tertiary: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course: Course: Bachelor of Elementary EducationBachelor of Elementary Education

Major in General Education Major in General Education Secondary: Secondary: St. Mary’s AcademySt. Mary’s Academy

Nagcarlan, LagunaNagcarlan, LagunaElementary: Elementary: Rizal Elementary SchoolRizal Elementary School

Name: Name: Michelle Buenafe I. ViseyMichelle Buenafe I. ViseyAddress: Address: 333 Brgy. Tala, Rizal, Laguna 333 Brgy. Tala, Rizal, Laguna Birthday: Birthday: May 7, 1990May 7, 1990Civil Status: Civil Status: SingleSingleNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09106957367 09106957367Email Address: Email Address: michellebuenafe.visey@yahoo.commichellebuenafe.visey@yahoo.com

Name: Name: Michelle Buenafe I. ViseyMichelle Buenafe I. ViseyAddress: Address: 333 Brgy. Tala, Rizal, Laguna 333 Brgy. Tala, Rizal, Laguna Birthday: Birthday: May 7, 1990May 7, 1990Civil Status: Civil Status: SingleSingleNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09106957367 09106957367Email Address: Email Address: michellebuenafe.visey@yahoo.commichellebuenafe.visey@yahoo.com

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Tertiary: Tertiary: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course: Course: Bachelor of Elementary EducationBachelor of Elementary EducationMajor in General Education Major in General Education

Secondary: Secondary: Rizal National High SchoolRizal National High School Rizal, LagunaRizal, Laguna

Elementary: Elementary: Rizal Elementary SchoolRizal Elementary School

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Tertiary: Tertiary: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course: Course: Bachelor of Elementary EducationBachelor of Elementary EducationMajor in General Education Major in General Education

Secondary: Secondary: Rizal National High SchoolRizal National High School Rizal, LagunaRizal, Laguna

Elementary: Elementary: Rizal Elementary SchoolRizal Elementary School

Name: Name: Rainer R. FiscalRainer R. FiscalAddress: Address: Brgy. TalangkaBrgy. Talangka

Sta. Maria, Laguna Sta. Maria, Laguna Birthday: Birthday: June 10, 1983June 10, 1983Civil Status: Civil Status: SingleSingleNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09184343796 09184343796

Name: Name: Rainer R. FiscalRainer R. FiscalAddress: Address: Brgy. TalangkaBrgy. Talangka

Sta. Maria, Laguna Sta. Maria, Laguna Birthday: Birthday: June 10, 1983June 10, 1983Civil Status: Civil Status: SingleSingleNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09184343796 09184343796

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Post Graduate: Post Graduate: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course: Course: Master of Arts in TeachingMaster of Arts in Teaching

Major in Social ScienceMajor in Social ScienceTertiary: Tertiary: University of RizalUniversity of Rizal Course: Course: Bachelor of Secondary EducationBachelor of Secondary Education

Major in ChemistryMajor in Chemistry

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Post Graduate: Post Graduate: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course: Course: Master of Arts in TeachingMaster of Arts in Teaching

Major in Social ScienceMajor in Social ScienceTertiary: Tertiary: University of RizalUniversity of Rizal Course: Course: Bachelor of Secondary EducationBachelor of Secondary Education

Major in ChemistryMajor in Chemistry

Name: Name: For-Ian V. SandovalFor-Ian V. SandovalAddress: Address: 40 V. Brgy. Wawa40 V. Brgy. Wawa J. Rizal StreetJ. Rizal Street Siniloan, LagunaSiniloan, LagunaBirthday: Birthday: April 5, 1979April 5, 1979Civil Status: Civil Status: MarriedMarriedNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09162217711 09162217711Email Address: Email Address: fvsandoval@yahoo.comfvsandoval@yahoo.com

Name: Name: For-Ian V. SandovalFor-Ian V. SandovalAddress: Address: 40 V. Brgy. Wawa40 V. Brgy. Wawa J. Rizal StreetJ. Rizal Street Siniloan, LagunaSiniloan, LagunaBirthday: Birthday: April 5, 1979April 5, 1979Civil Status: Civil Status: MarriedMarriedNationality: Nationality: FilipinoFilipinoContact No.:Contact No.: 09162217711 09162217711Email Address: Email Address: fvsandoval@yahoo.comfvsandoval@yahoo.com

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Post Graduate:Post Graduate: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course:Course: Master of Arts in Educational Master of Arts in Educational ManagementManagement

Tertiary:Tertiary: Far Eastern University-East Asia Far Eastern University-East Asia CollegeCollege

Course:Course: Bachelor of Science in MathematicsBachelor of Science in Mathematics Major in Computer ScienceMajor in Computer Science

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Post Graduate:Post Graduate: Laguna State Polytechnic Laguna State Polytechnic UniversityUniversity

Course:Course: Master of Arts in Educational Master of Arts in Educational ManagementManagement

Tertiary:Tertiary: Far Eastern University-East Asia Far Eastern University-East Asia CollegeCollege

Course:Course: Bachelor of Science in MathematicsBachelor of Science in Mathematics Major in Computer ScienceMajor in Computer Science

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