Anatomy & Physiology of the Reproductive System ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 13-14.
The Human Body: An Orientation Chapter 1 Part 1. Three essential concepts that unify Anatomy and...
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Transcript of The Human Body: An Orientation Chapter 1 Part 1. Three essential concepts that unify Anatomy and...
The Human Body: An Orientation
Chapter 1
Part 1
Three essential concepts that unify Anatomy and Physiology:
What is Anatomy?
• Structure of body parts
• Relationship of body parts
• Concrete subject
What is Physiology?
• Function of the machinery
• Processes of the body• Relationship of biology
and chemistry
Topics of AnatomyLevels 0f Study
• Macroscopic Anatomy– AKA “gross anatomy”– Study of large body
parts visible to the naked eye
– Dissection of animals– Subdivisions include:
• Regional anatomy• Systemic anatomy• Surface anatomy
Topics of AnatomyLevels 0f Study
• Microscopic Anatomy– Study of structures too
small to be seen with the naked eye
– Subdivisions include:• Cytology – cells• Histology – tissues
Topics in Anatomy (con’t)
• Developmental Anatomy– Traces structural
changes that occur in the body throughout the life span
– Subdivisions include:• Embryology -
developmental changes before birth
• Pathological Anatomy – structural changes associated with disease.
• Radiographic Anatomy – body structures which can be visualized with x-rays
• Molecular Biology• Anatomical
Terminology
Some Topics of Physiology• Renal physiology – kidney function and
urine production• Neurophysiology – workings of the nervous
system• Cardiovascular physiology – operation of
heart and blood • Immunology – how the body defends itself
from disease causing agents• Endocrinology, pathophysiology, exercise
physiology
Complementarity of Structures and Functions
Chemical Level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ System Level
Organism Level
Molecular Level
urea
catalase
atoms
Cellular Level
basophil
epithelium
Atoms combine to form molecules Cells are made up of molecules
Tissue Level Organ Level
tongue
kidney
tongue taste buds
kidney tubules
Tissues consist of similar types of cells Organs are made up of similar types of tissues
A(n) _____ is a group of cells with a similar structure and function
a) organ
b) molecule
c) organ system
d) tissue
Slide 1.4
Organ System OverviewOrgan System Overview
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Integumentary
• Forms the external body covering
• Protects deeper tissue from injury
• Synthesizes vitamin D
• Location of cutaneous nerve receptors
Figure 1.2a
Slide 1.5
Organ System OverviewOrgan System Overview
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Skeletal
• Protects and supports body organs
• Provides muscle attachment for movement
• Site of blood cell formation
• Stores mineralsFigure 1.2b
Slide 1.6
Organ System OverviewOrgan System Overview
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Muscular
• Allows locomotion
• Maintains posture
• Produces heat
Figure 1.2c
Slide 1.7
Organ System OverviewOrgan System Overview
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Nervous
• Fast-acting control system
• Responds to internal and external change
• Activates muscles and glands
Figure 1.2d
Slide 1.8
Organ System OverviewOrgan System Overview
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Endocrine
• Secretes regulatory hormones
• Growth
• Reproduction
• Metabolism
Figure 1.2e
Slide 1.9
Organ System OverviewOrgan System Overview
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Cardiovascular
• Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart
• Oxygen
• Carbon dioxide
• Nutrients
• WastesFigure 1.2f
Slide 1.10
Organ System OverviewOrgan System Overview
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Lymphatic
• Returns fluids to blood vessels
• Disposes of debris
• Involved in immunity
Figure 1.2g
Slide 1.11
Organ System OverviewOrgan System Overview
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Respiratory
• Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
• Removes carbon dioxide
Figure 1.2h
Slide 1.12
Organ System OverviewOrgan System Overview
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Digestive
• Breaks down food
• Allows for nutrient absorption into blood
• Eliminates indigestible material
Figure 1.2i
Slide 1.13
Organ System OverviewOrgan System Overview
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Urinary
• Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
• Maintains acid – base balance
• Regulation of materials
•Water
• ElectrolytesFigure 1.2j
Slide 1.14
Organ System OverviewOrgan System Overview
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Reproductive
• Production of offspring
Figure 1.2k
Identify four organ systems. Name two organs associated with each
organ system.
• 1.a.
b.
• 2. a.
b.
• 3.a.
b.
• 4. a.
b.
Organism
Levels of Structural OrganizationLevels of Structural Organization
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings