The Computer and the Human Body The Computer and the Human Body.
The human body
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Transcript of The human body
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The Human BodyThe Human BodyThe Human BodyThe Human Body
Different Parts and their Different Parts and their FunctionsFunctions
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The Skeletal System• Used for support and protection• Contain marrow to make blood
cells and immune cells.• Can grow, repair and adapt to the
environment
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• Soccer leg break
• Soccer ankle break
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Muscles• There are 3 types of muscles in your
body.• Skeletal muscles- move bones and are
voluntary meaning you control the movement. They are striated or striped.
• Smooth muscles- are involuntary meaning they go on their own and are found in organs, blood vessels and skin. They are not striated.
• Cardiac muscle in found only in the heart and is involuntary. It has striations but are different than skeletal muscle.
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stopEyewitness Skeleton
Skeleton/Muscle Label
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Circulatory/Respiratory• Circulatory is the heart, arteries
and blood vessels in your body.• Respiratory are the lungs.• Both work closely together to
move oxygenated blood throughout your entire body.
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Circulatory/Respiratory• Pharynx- filters dirt, dust and bacteria• Epiglottis- flap of tissue at the end of
the pharynx that prevents food or liquid from getting into your lungs
• Larynx- vocal chords are attached here and muscles move the chords
• Trachea- tube lined with mucus and cilia that allows air to go into the lungs, lined with cartilage to keep it open always
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Circulatory/Respiratory• Lungs- cone-shaped organs filled with layers of
spongy material. Has 3 lobes and can expand.• Bronchi- trachea splits into 2 tubes and these carry
air• Bronchioles- each bronchi branches off into
thousands of smaller tubes• Alveoli- tiny clusters of air sacs and oxygen diffuses
from them into the capillaries into the bloodstream. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the capillaries back to the alveoli to be re-oxygenated.
• Diaphragm- muscle that sits below the lungs and contracts and relaxes as you breathe.
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Vocal chords moving
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Circulatory/Respiratory System
• The human heart has 4 chambers.• Two chambers hold deoxygenated
blood and two chambers hold oxygenated blood.
• The heart contains several valves that open and close allowing blood through the heart.
• The aorta is the biggest and longest artery in the body. It is in the heart.
• Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood from the lungs to the heart.
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Digestive System• Esophagus- tube in the throat that squeezes the
food into the stomach• Stomach-bag like organ where food is digested• Small intestine- longest part of the digestive
system,nutrients are absorbed• Large intestine- water is reabsorbed and waste is
made• Salivary glands- there are 6 and help break down
foods in the mouth• Liver- breaks down fats and processes nutrients. It
also acts as a filter for wastes and toxins• Pancreas- produces enzymes to break down foods,
also part of the endocrine system (produces insulin)
• Gallbladder- stores the bile the liver produces and puts it into the small intestine, can be removed
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Lymphatic/Urinary System
• The urinary tract contains:• Ureters- tubes connecting the kidneys to
the bladder• Bladder- elastic storage sac that holds
the urine• Kidneys- one of each side of the body, all
of the blood passes through the kidneys and is filtered and urine is made
• Urethra- urine travels through this tube from the bladder and out of the body
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Lymphatic/ Urinary System
• The lymphatic system carries fluid through your body and uses a system of vessels.
• Helps fight off disease.• Contains lymphocytes (white blood cells) that
fight infections.• Lymph nodes- bean shaped structures where
foreign materials are filtered• Major lymph nodes are tonsils, thymus and
spleen.• Lymph nodes swell up when you are sick.
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Organ Review• You need to know the function, location and look of
these major organs:• Heart-pumps blood• Lungs-removes oxygen from the air• Liver-filters toxins, processed food• Stomach-processes food• Kidneys-filters blood, makes urine• Brain-controls body• Small intestine-absorbs nutrients• Large intestine-absorbs water, creates waste• Bladder-hold urine• Pancreas-releases insulin to process sugar• Esophagus-swallows food
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Nervous/Endocrine Systems
• The endocrine system helps control the body by releasing hormones.
• Hormones only work on specific tissues or organs.• Major glands of the endocrine system are:• Pituitary- master gland, controls other glands and
controls the reproductive organs• Pancreas-produces insulin to control blood sugar
levels• Thyroid- controls metabolism• Parathyroid- regulate levels of calcium and
phosphate• Adrenal- creates adrenaline and 30 other
hormones.
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Nervous/Endocrine Systems
• The nervous system keep everything in homeostasis or balance.
• The nervous system is divided into two parts:
• Central nervous system-brain and spinal cord
• Peripheral nervous system- all the other nerves in your body
• Need to know the 3 main parts of the brain- cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla and their functions.
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