THE HOT LINE AGREEMENT. T HE C OLD W AR Communism vs Capitalism Nuclear arms race Space Race Koran...
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Transcript of THE HOT LINE AGREEMENT. T HE C OLD W AR Communism vs Capitalism Nuclear arms race Space Race Koran...
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THE HOT LINE AGREEMENT
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THE COLD WAR•Communism vs Capitalism•Nuclear arms race•Space Race•Koran War•Vietnam War•Policy of Containment•Germany divided•Soviet influence and nationalism•Communist Uprisings•Treaties and Conferences
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THE HOT LINE AGREEMENT: BACKGROUND•JFK’s “Program for General and Complete Disarmament in a Peaceful World”.
•1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis.
•1963 – Direct communication established between Washington and Moscow.
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The Vietnam War JFK’s administration pledged more support to
South Vietnamese forces Prior to the Hot Line Agreement, fighting in
Vietnam increased 5 months before the Hot Line Agreement, US
supplied forces lost their first battle
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Soviets gaining support? Non-aligned members moving towards Soviet
Union Sino-Indian War
French withdraw Navy from NATO
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Cuban Missile Crisis Hot Line Agreement product of the Cuban
missile crisis of 1962 Showed the world how close nuclear warfare
was
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Compliance Both US and USSR set up a terminal point
with teletype equipment in their capitals Both sides made an effort to keep the
landline and radio link permanently open The Hotline was used extensively
during the Arab-IsraeliWar and still exists today Compliance due to utility
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Issues with Reliability Landline and radio paths were vulnerable to
sabotage and interruption The landline was cut on several occasions
Danish Bulldozer Finnish Farmer Fire in Baltimore manhole
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Implementation Challenges The link had to be tested every day because
it wasn’t in constant use Trivial information, such as sports scores and
poetry, was exchanged daily All information had to be translated
Translators had to be available at all times
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Translation There was always the possibility that messages be
misinterpreted or translated incorrectly
Several steps taken to reduce that risk: Translation between English (Latin
Alphabet) and Russian (Cyrillic Alphabet) was always done at the opposite end to preserve nuance
The two never communicated directly, as the hotline was not a telephone link
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No Telephone Hotline to be used in gravest situations
Spontaneity of telephone call might exacerbate pressure and lead to mistakes
Misunderstandings between enemies are far worst than between friends
A telephone would require instantaneous translation, which might be less accurate
The teletype gives more time for leaders to think, analyze, and respond rationally
Teletype messages coded to ensure privacy
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Updates SALT-1 talks precipitated the establishment of a
satellite link between 1971 and 1978 Allowed for faster communication without direct
interaction Terminals were more mobile
and less vulnerable Facsimile transmission capability added in 1984
Allowed maps, charts and drawings to be sent as well Still exists today