The Holocaust 1933 -1945 - MR EVERS' CLASS …...Hitler wanted to conquer Europe and get rid of...
Transcript of The Holocaust 1933 -1945 - MR EVERS' CLASS …...Hitler wanted to conquer Europe and get rid of...
The Holocaust1933 -1945
2
Hitler’s Master Race
Hitler wanted to conquer Europe and get
rid of undesirable races like the Jews,
Slavs, and Africans as well as Jehovah’s
Witnesses and all handicapped people.
He believed that if people could not
provide for themselves they should not
live.
Wanted to populate Germany with
**Aryans (Whites) who had pure
bloodlines.
All German people went through a
background (genealogy) check to make
sure they had no undesirable blood in
their family.
Hitler immediately began to remove Jews
& undesirable people from the German
economy. Next, he started deporting
them.
3
Hitler and the **Holocaust
Hitler blamed the Jews for all of Germany’s problems, including the loss of
WWI and the Versailles Treaty. Hitler thought removal of the Jews would
allow Germany to be successful again.
**Hitler focused the German people’s anger for the loss of WWI and the
Versailles Treaty on the Jews. This allowed him to unify the German people
politically.
The 1st Solution = remove Jews from the economy & isolate them within
Germany.
The 2nd Solution = deport the Jews from Germany.
The Final Solution = kill all the Jews. This started with the beginning of WWII,
in 1939.
4
**Heinrich Himmler – was head of
the Nazi SS and the person that
ordered the “Final Solution.”
Carrying Out the Holocaust
1. Political opponents of the Nazis
were put in concentration camps
starting in 1933, when Hitler
became Chancellor.
2. Laws were passed to remove
Jews from the government & the
economy. An example is:
**Nuremberg Laws of 1935:
A) Marriage between Jews & Aryans
was forbidden.
B) Intercourse betw. Jews & Aryans
forbidden.
C) Citizenship taken away from
Jews. They can NOT vote or hold
a gov’t job.
5
Carrying Out the Holocaust
1938 – All passports of Jews must be marked with a “J” for easy
identification.
1939 – All Jews must wear a yellow Star of David on their clothing.
September 1, 1939 – Nazis invade Poland. In many larger cities, Jews are
forced into **ghettos. This means large numbers of people are forced into a
small area of the city which is walled off and surrounded by military guards.
Jews are allowed out to work, but must go back to the ghetto immediately
after work.
6
Warsaw Ghetto – was
surrounded with a brick wall
that had barbed wire on top of
it. There were 400,000 Jews
crammed into a 1.3 square
mile area.
Stairs were built to allow
Jews to get over the wall to
go to work. They could only
exit or enter the ghetto in a
few highly guarded places.
7
Living conditions in the ghettos were bad. Large
numbers of people were jammed in an area that
was often only a couple blocks wide. There was a
shortage of food and clean water. Disease spread
rapidly. The people were slowly being starved to
death.
8
**The Holocaust
The **Einsatzgrupen were mobile
killing units that followed Nazi
troops and killed undesirable
people. The Nazis tried to use
trucks that vented the exhaust into
the cargo area and killed people by
carbon monoxide. This took too
long and people scratched their
fingernails on the sides of the truck
and screamed.
9
Most Einsatzgrupen killing was done
by firing squads. Nazi soldiers could
not handle killing so many people, day
after day. Himmler had to find a better
way to kill the undesirables.
10
There were over 5,000 **concentration camps in Europe. Prisoners were forced to work to
support the German war effort and they were slowly starved to death. Prisoners were fed
small pieces of bread and a bowl of chicken or beef broth at most meals.
11
12
**1942 Wannsee Conference – Nazis decided on the **Final Solution {of how to
kill so many undesirable people}. They built 6 extermination camps, all in
Poland. Prisoners were identified by a tattoo on their forearm. This was to
keep Nazi guards from getting to know people that would soon die. Guards
were required to refer to prisoners by number, not name.
13
The final solution involved dropping
a **Zyklon B container into a hatch
in the roof of the gas chamber. This
released cyanide gas and killed all
the people inside.
This is the hole in the gas chamber
roof, where the Zyklon B container
would land. This square would have
wire over it to keep the container
from falling to the floor.
14
The gas
chambers
and
crematorium
at
Auschwitz.
Dead bodies at Dachau.
15
Dead bodies in a burial
pit. You can see lime
piled beside the pit.
This was put on top of
the dead bodies to help
control the smell and
stop the spread of
disease.
16
**Auschwitz - was the largest of
6 **extermination camps the
Nazis built. Prisoners got off the
train and waited on a concrete
platform for **the selection.
17
**Dr. Josef Mengele was in charge of medical research at Auschwitz. He made the
decisions in the selection. Prisoners who were too young or too old were sent to
the left - - which meant the gas chambers. People who were able to provide labor
were sent to the right - - the concentration camp, where they would work and be
slowly starved to death.
Mengele did all kinds of horrible experiments on the prisoners at Auschwitz. He
often used twins for his experiments. He was trying to create a fertility drug to
help create the master race, but did not succeed.