The HolocaustThe Holocaust1930’s1930’s Anti-Semitism grows stronger in Germany. Jews are Anti-Semitism grows stronger in Germany. Jews are

blamed blamed for the defeat in WWI and economic problems.for the defeat in WWI and economic problems.19331933 Persecution of the Jews becomes public policy. Jews can Persecution of the Jews becomes public policy. Jews can

not not hold public office.hold public office.19351935 Nuremberg Laws- Take away Jews rights, citizenship, jobs, Nuremberg Laws- Take away Jews rights, citizenship, jobs,

property. Were forced to wear the star of David to be property. Were forced to wear the star of David to be identified.identified.

19381938 To revenge his father’s deportation from Germany, a Jewish To revenge his father’s deportation from Germany, a Jewish youth shoots a worker at the German Embassy in Paris. youth shoots a worker at the German Embassy in Paris. Nazis retaliate, attacking Jewish communities on Nazis retaliate, attacking Jewish communities on

November 9. November 9. They destroyed homes and businesses, and They destroyed homes and businesses, and beat up and beat up and killed many Jews. This night was called killed many Jews. This night was called Krystalnacht.Krystalnacht.

Many German Jews were deported to other countries but after Many German Jews were deported to other countries but after taking thousands of refugees many countries began to shut their taking thousands of refugees many countries began to shut their doors.doors.

In an attempt to find another solution, Hitler begins moving Jews In an attempt to find another solution, Hitler begins moving Jews to walled up parts of the city to separate them from the rest of the to walled up parts of the city to separate them from the rest of the population. They were often starved and beaten within the population. They were often starved and beaten within the ghettos.ghettos.

The Final Solution The Final Solution Genocide- systematic killing of a whole people.Genocide- systematic killing of a whole people. Also killed gypsies, poles, homosexuals, disabled and Also killed gypsies, poles, homosexuals, disabled and

mentally ill but mostly the Jews.mentally ill but mostly the Jews.19391939 As Hitler begins to invade Eastern Europe his SS As Hitler begins to invade Eastern Europe his SS

would round up men, women and children take them to would round up men, women and children take them to isolated spots and gun them down. Other Jews were isolated spots and gun them down. Other Jews were taken to slave labor camps in Germany and were made taken to slave labor camps in Germany and were made to endure hard labor in bad conditions with very little to endure hard labor in bad conditions with very little food.food.

19421942 Extermination camps are completed in Poland. Extermination camps are completed in Poland. Jews are sent to death in mass in gas chambers Jews are sent to death in mass in gas chambers disguised as showers, others are beaten and starved to disguised as showers, others are beaten and starved to death. Six million Jews are killed. Many people risked death. Six million Jews are killed. Many people risked their lives to hide the Jews or help them to escape.their lives to hide the Jews or help them to escape.

Impact of the WarImpact of the WarThe Yalta ConferenceThe Yalta Conference (Feb 1945) FDR, Churchill, (Feb 1945) FDR, Churchill,

StalinStalin create the United Nations (Atlantic Charter)- 50 create the United Nations (Atlantic Charter)- 50

nations meet, 11 member security council holds nations meet, 11 member security council holds power (major allies and others elected by power (major allies and others elected by general assembly)general assembly)

Stalin controls Japanese islands, N½ of Korea, Stalin controls Japanese islands, N½ of Korea, promises free elections in E. Europepromises free elections in E. Europe

Potsdam, GermanyPotsdam, Germany- July 45‘- Truman, Churchill, - July 45‘- Truman, Churchill, StalinStalin

Disarm GermanyDisarm Germany Get rid of Nazi partyGet rid of Nazi party Divide Germany into 4 occupation zones- Divide Germany into 4 occupation zones-

Britain, France, Germany, Soviets each control- Britain, France, Germany, Soviets each control- Berlin also divided into 4 zonesBerlin also divided into 4 zones

In EuropeIn Europe 40 million had died40 million had died Many major cities destroyed by bombs (Berlin, Warsaw, Many major cities destroyed by bombs (Berlin, Warsaw,

Stalingrad), transportation, crops/ fieldsStalingrad), transportation, crops/ fields millions without homes- Refugees, wander through millions without homes- Refugees, wander through

EuropeEurope No electricity, running water, food, suppliesNo electricity, running water, food, supplies Governments- France, Italy, Germany start from scratch, Governments- France, Italy, Germany start from scratch, Communist support grows, loses power in France, ItalyCommunist support grows, loses power in France, ItalyNuremburg TrialsNuremburg Trials Nazis on trial for war crimes, International war tribunal, Nazis on trial for war crimes, International war tribunal,

23 countries23 countries 22 defendants, 12 sentenced to death, cremated in 22 defendants, 12 sentenced to death, cremated in

ovens at concentration campsovens at concentration camps

Japanese OccupationJapanese Occupation Controlled by US forces under General MacArthur- 6 Controlled by US forces under General MacArthur- 6

monthsmonths War Crimes trials- tried for crimes against civilians War Crimes trials- tried for crimes against civilians

prisoners of war- 1,100 tried, 25 major defendants, 7 prisoners of war- 1,100 tried, 25 major defendants, 7 sentenced to death, many others serve jail timesentenced to death, many others serve jail time

Cities destroyed by bombs, rebuild, Capitalism takes Cities destroyed by bombs, rebuild, Capitalism takes over- economic recovery- distribute land ownership over- economic recovery- distribute land ownership (wealthy forced to sell), labor unions legal(wealthy forced to sell), labor unions legal

New Constitution (MacArthur constitution) Parliamentary New Constitution (MacArthur constitution) Parliamentary Democracy (elections), 2 house legislature (Diet), basic Democracy (elections), 2 house legislature (Diet), basic liberties, Women’s right to vote, Emperor removed from liberties, Women’s right to vote, Emperor removed from absolute power, still head of state (forced to admit he is absolute power, still head of state (forced to admit he is not divine)not divine)

Demilitarization- only allowed a small police force, Demilitarization- only allowed a small police force, protection from the USprotection from the US

At Home- duringAt Home- during Economic boom, money investedEconomic boom, money invested Good weather, fertilizer, farm production booms alsoGood weather, fertilizer, farm production booms also Women flood workforce, prove competencyWomen flood workforce, prove competency Population shift, according to war industries, many move Population shift, according to war industries, many move

westwest Marriage boom, also divorce boomMarriage boom, also divorce boomDiscrimination persistsDiscrimination persists African Americans- segregated but prove themselves on African Americans- segregated but prove themselves on

the battle field, Tuskegee Airmen, 92nd infantry the battle field, Tuskegee Airmen, 92nd infantry (Buffaloes)(Buffaloes)

Race riots at home, CORE (congress of Racial Equality) Race riots at home, CORE (congress of Racial Equality) fights for rights, sit-insfights for rights, sit-ins

1943- Zoot Suit Riots- Mexican Americans1943- Zoot Suit Riots- Mexican Americans 1944- Korematsu vs. US- Supreme court says Japanese 1944- Korematsu vs. US- Supreme court says Japanese

internment was a necessityinternment was a necessity

Post War USPost War US US becomes the major world powerUS becomes the major world power GI bill of Rights- veterans get money for schools, GI bill of Rights- veterans get money for schools,

help to buy homes, start businesseshelp to buy homes, start businesses Housing shortage met by track homes (not Housing shortage met by track homes (not

called that yet)- growth of suburbs, housing called that yet)- growth of suburbs, housing communities outside of big citiescommunities outside of big cities

Major readjustment- Some difficult transition, Major readjustment- Some difficult transition, fathers return from war, women return to the fathers return from war, women return to the

home, home, Economy- war products not needed, millions out Economy- war products not needed, millions out

of work/ new industries emergeof work/ new industries emerge Price controls removed- inflation, some goods Price controls removed- inflation, some goods

are scarce- some govt. price controls renewedare scarce- some govt. price controls renewed Consumers have $ to spend, economic boomConsumers have $ to spend, economic boom

American military defense spending high due to Cold American military defense spending high due to Cold war, 3 million men in militarywar, 3 million men in military

Marshall plan- rebuilding in Europe, good for tradeMarshall plan- rebuilding in Europe, good for trade Labor strikes- unions forced to give up, Truman Labor strikes- unions forced to give up, Truman

threatens to draft workersthreatens to draft workers Congress refuses to support Civil Rights, Truman orders Congress refuses to support Civil Rights, Truman orders

desegregation of Military, end to discrimination in hiring desegregation of Military, end to discrimination in hiring of federal employeesof federal employees

Election of 48’- division in Democrats, Civil Rights Election of 48’- division in Democrats, Civil Rights platform not popular, congress (Republican) refuses to platform not popular, congress (Republican) refuses to work w/ Truman- Whistle stop Campaign, traveled the work w/ Truman- Whistle stop Campaign, traveled the country and gained support.country and gained support.

Truman- minimum wage raised, social security Truman- minimum wage raised, social security extended, flood control/ irrigation, housing for low extended, flood control/ irrigation, housing for low income familiesincome families