The History of the United Kingdom

by Ave Arak and Epp JürissonSupervisors: T.Pukk and M.Maasen

Viljandi 2002

C.R Jakobson Gymnasium

IntroductionThe British Isles have a rich history going back thousands of years.The history of the United Kingdom includes also the history of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The history is full of invaders, wars, rulers.

History•4000 - 1500 BC stone age man, the first farmers, Stonehenge

•1500 BC - 43 AD the age of hill forts and the Celts

•43 AD - 410 AD

Roman Britain, they came, they saw, they conquered

•410 - 1066

the Romans left, the Anglo Saxons arrived, the Normans conquered

•1066 - 1154 the Normans consolidate their conquest

•1154 - 1485 the Middle Ages

•1485 - 1603 Henry VIII, Elizabeth I and the Tudors

•1603 - 1660

the divine right of kings to rule, then chop off their heads

•1660 - 1715•Restoration and Revolution, the beginning of Empire

•1715 - 1815 The German Georges rule Britain

•1600 - 1783

Britain in North America - we would rather forget

• 1815 - 1914 Peace and prosperity, the growth of Empire

•1914 - 1918 The First World War, carnage without a cause

•1918 - 1939 The after effects of World War I, the General Strike

•1939 - 1945 World War II

•1945 - 2000 Post War Britain - loses an Empire, looks for the role

The Kings and Queens

• Until 1603 the English and Scottish Crowns were separated.• Following the Accession of King James VI of Scotland (I of England) to the English Throne. • From the end of the 17th century, monarchs lost executive power and they became subject to Parliament, resulting in today's constitutional Monarchy.

The best known Queen:

Elizabeth gave the name to a golden age of poets, statesmen and adventurers. Known as the Virgin Queen, or Gloriana.

                                                

Queen Elizabeth I

1533 - 1603

The best known King:Claims to the throne of France led to the Hundred Years' War and the loss of almost all the large English territory in France.

Eduard III1312-1377

The Historical Flag When King James VI of Scotland ascended to the English throne, thereby becoming James I of England, the national flags of England and Scotland on land continued to be.

by Graham BartramFlag adopted 1 January 1801

Flagś crossesThe Union Jack/Flag includes the Cross of St. George (England), the Cross of St. Andrew (Scotland) and the Cross of St. Patrick (Ireland).

The Map of UKHere we can see all the countries of United Kingdom

The Most Important WarsThe Hundred Years War 1336-1565Wars of the Roses 1455-1487Civil War 1642-1645Boer War 1901-1902World War I 1914-1918World War II 1939-1945

Walesa Celtic land of mountains and coal

              

Northern IrelandIt is clear today that the Irish problem has not been solved. Northern Protestants feel they have a right to determine their own future democratically. Northern Catholics feel they have the right to be part of a united Ireland.

ScotlandAn English army arrived to relieve the Scots siege of Stirling. Bruce defeated the English army under Edward II, who was lucky to escape with his life. The Scots victory at the Battle of Bannockburn secured complete Scots independence.

                    

        

EnglandEngland has always played an important role in the worldś economy and business.

Historical Monumentthe name of a very remarkable ancient monument in England It consists of a great collection of stones

Stonehedge

The Historical Big Ben

Big Ben is one of London's best-known landmarks. It houses the House of Parliament.

Summary The history has efected our lives for

centuries and will continue to do the same in future.

We think that England has always been rich of kings and queens who has changed the world.