“The History of the Spanish in the Philippines begins and ends with the Friar.”

“The History of the Spanish in the Philippines begins and ends with the

Friar.”

(Archbishop)

(Diocese Bishop) (Diocese Bishop)

Parish Priest

Parish Priest

Parish Priest

Parish Priest

Parish Priest

Parish Priest

Secular Priests

• Parish priests (also called Secular Priests) are supported by the Church and are accountable to the Church

(Archbishop)

(Diocese Bishop) (Diocese Bishop)

Parish Priest

Parish Priest

Parish Priest

Parish Priest

Parish Priest

Parish Priest

• Diocesan Visitation

Mendicant Friars

• Medieval creation of a new type of priest

• They were called Friars from (Frater) “Brother”

• Also referred to as Regular Priest (as opposed to a Secular Priest)

Friars Belonged to Specific Orders

• Augustinians• Franciscans• Benedictines

Differences Between Religious and Secular Priests

• Friars belonged to an order• Friars could not be parish

priests (Council of Trent 1545-1563)

• Friars lived by begging (Real Patrona)

• Friars did not answer to bishops; rather, under the jurisdiction of their religious order

Age of Discovery• Friars had the missionary zeal• Established in the Americas• Unprecedented Power• Began acting like Secular Priests

Friars Lose Power in Americas

• Gold/Silver Changes things

Shift to the Philippines

• Pagan Land• Limited Civil

Authority• Undesirable

Colony– Distance– Climate/Disease– Indios– Poor

How the Friars Gain POWER

• Pope’s Compromise (Apostolic Brief: 1567 from Pope Pius V to King Philip II)


Social Engineering

From Highest to Lowest Class (Socially)

• Peninsulares• Creoles• Filipinos• Mestizos• Chinese• Indios

From Highest to Lowest (Politically/Religious)

• Governor General• Spanish Soldiers

• Local Officials• Archbishop (Manila)

• Friars

254 priests for 600,000

Encomenderos (Encomienda System)

Provinces (divided among the Orders)

Provinces; Municipios; Barrios


• Political/Social Engineering

• Poblacion

Every Municipio has its Patron SaintAnnual Town Fiesta


• Mass Conversion (Social Engineering) – Synchronism


• Mass Conversion (Social Engineering) – Pasyon


• Hacienda


• Middle Man


• Social/Theological Issues– Utang na Loob


• Social/Theological Issues– Confession

“The History of the Spanish in the Philippines begins and ends with the Friar.”

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Transcript of “The History of the Spanish in the Philippines begins and ends with the Friar.”