The History of Everything
description
Transcript of The History of Everything
![Page 1: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE HISTORY OF EVERYTHINGSummed Up in About 10 Minutes
![Page 2: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
THE BEGINNING OF THE UNIVERSE The Big Bang
occurs and the universe is formed
The universe continually expands, as matter cools galaxies of stars and planets form
Thought to be about 13.7 billion years ago
![Page 3: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
THE MILKY WAY GALAXY FORMS About 13.2 billion
years go Today consists of
200-400 million stars
Probably at least 10 billion planets considered a livable distance from a sun
![Page 4: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
THE SUN FORMS About 4.57 billion years A supernova causes
shockwaves which forces clouds of gas together
It’s incredible mass and gravity cause fusion reactions to occur- releasing lots of light and heat
![Page 5: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
THE EARTH FORMS About 4.54 billion
years ago Leftover gases
and dusts come together forming planets
Only took 10-20 million years
Moon forms about 4.53 billion years ago
![Page 6: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
THE EARLY EARTH Had no oxygen Was very hot and
molten, but slowly began to cool
Volcanoes spewed gases into the air, forming a primitive atmosphere
Meteor/asteroid strikes were common
![Page 7: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
THE OCEANS FORM About 4.4 billion
years ago The earth had
cooled enough for water to condense
Thought to be where life first began
![Page 8: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
COMPLEX MOLECULES FORM UV radiation and
lightening hitting simple gases was able to form complex molecules like: Nucleotides Proteins Carbohydrates
Proved to be possible – we can do this in a lab!
Some alien molecules landed with asteroids?????
![Page 9: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
AND LIFE BEGAN BY…. We really don’t know, but believe it was
about 3.5-3.9 billion years ago
This is where things get very hypothetical, there are a few models, each which have some evidence supporting them and some flaws
This is NOT ADDRESSED by Darwin or Evolution
![Page 10: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
THE BASICS OF EXTREMELY COMPLICATED THEORIES
Self-replicating molecules must have formed Thought to possibly be RNA?
Metabolism must have evolved First life could manipulate its environment?
Membranes must have evolved Lipids were first form of life?
Some combination of above 3? Clay model?
![Page 11: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
THE UNIVERSAL COMMON ANCESTOR There is strong
evidence that all life shares a single common ancestor
Evidence also suggests that it was a heterotrophic prokaryote
No organelles, no photosynthesis
![Page 12: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
FEATURES OF THE LUCA FOUND IN EVERYTHING
Last Universal Common Ancestor
DNA as code RNA as code
carrier Ribosomes as
protein factories Amino
acids/proteins Cell membranes
![Page 13: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS EVOLVED In bacteria-like
simple organisms about 3.3 billion years ago
Produced oxygen which led to the ozone layer
Also led to the evolution of aerobic cellular respiration
![Page 14: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
EUKARYOTES EVOLVED About 1.5-2.1
billion years ago At some point we
think one cell engulfed a photosynthetic bacteria – forming a cell with a chloroplast
Same thing happened to create mitochondria
![Page 15: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
MULTI-CELLULAR ORGANISMS EVOLVE About 1 billion
years ago Probably has
happened several times
Colonies of single cells came together??
![Page 16: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ANIMALS EVOLVE
About 600 million years ago in water
Simple sponge-like creatures
![Page 17: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
PLANTS COME TO LAND
About 475 million years ago
Provide food on land
Insects follow about 75 million years later
![Page 18: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
AMPHIBIANS COME TO LAND About 350
million years ago
A population of fish was able to survive on land for longer and longer periods of time over many generations
![Page 19: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
THE FIRST MAMMALS EVOLVE About 200 million
years ago (about 100 million years after reptiles, 50 million years before birds, 70 million years before flowers)
Were around with the dinosaurs
![Page 20: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
PRIMATES EVOLVE
About 55 million years ago
Thought to be small, the size of a squirrel
![Page 21: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
HOMO GENUS EVOLVES About 2.5
million years ago
Which exact species are the ancestor not well understood
![Page 22: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
HUMANS EVOLVE About 200,000 years ago About 0.004% of Earth’s
existence, 0.005% of the time life has existed, and 0.03% of the time animals have existed
We have been around for a very short time (relatively)
![Page 23: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
TIMELINE
![Page 24: The History of Everything](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568161e7550346895dd212f6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
THE ENTIRE HUMAN EXISTENCE IS A BLINK OF AN EYE