The Historical Roots of the Taiwan Issue Week 2. Week 2: Teaching Outline Taiwan’s Complex History...
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![Page 1: The Historical Roots of the Taiwan Issue Week 2. Week 2: Teaching Outline Taiwan’s Complex History Taiwan’s Return to China (1945) Impact of the Korean.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649ccc5503460f949967f9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Historical Roots of the Taiwan Issue
Week 2
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Week 2: Teaching Outline
• Taiwan’s Complex History
• Taiwan’s Return to China (1945)
• Impact of the Korean War on Taiwan
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1. Taiwan’s Complex History
• Formosa (From Portuguese, 16th century)
• Dutch occupation of southwest Taiwan (1624-1662)
• Japanese Colonial Rule (1895-1945) • 4 foreign countries have their flags
flown over Taiwan before 1945• Returning to China (1945--)
• Length of Taiwanese history:400 years?
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1. Taiwan’s Complex History
• Length of Taiwanese history (2200)
– Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.)
– Three Kingdoms Period (220-280 A.D.)
– Sui Dynasty (589-618 A.D.)
– Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368 A.D)
– Zheng Chenggong Regime (1662-1683)
– Part of Fukien Province (1683-1884)
– Taiwan Province (1885-1895)
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Taiwan before 1895
• 1662: Zheng Chenggong expelled the Dutch, remained loyal to Ming Dynasty
• 1683: Qing defeated Zheng• 1885: Qing declared Taiwan a
province
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Taiwan Republic Stamp and Post Mark(1895)
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The Nature of Taiwan Republic
• Taiwan Republic (1895)
• National title and flag
– Yongqing (Loyal to Qing Quart forever)
• Its relations with the Qing court
– Tiger and Dragon
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Japan’s Colonial Rule of Taiwan
• Transformative impact• Contrasting historical memories and
interpretation of pre-1945 Taiwan held by different political and ethnic groups
• The Taiwan Cultural Association and Formosan nationalism
• Local elections since 1935• Assimilating Taiwanese into Japanese citizens
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1895 to 1945Taiwan- 1895: Taiwan became a colony of Japan; economic development followed to make Taiwan a “model colony”- 1920s: home rule movement - 1930: final battles between Japanese and Aboriginals- ‘30s: limited local elections- ‘30s: “Japanization” campaign- ’37-’45: Taiwanese incorporated into Japanese armed forces
Mainland- 1898: reform movement- 1911: Xinhai Revolution- 1912: Republic of China founded- 1919: May 4th Movement- 1920s: struggle for national unification- 1920s-40s: conflict between CCP and GMD- 1931: Japan invaded Dongbei- ’37-’45: Anti-Japanese War
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1945-1949
1945: “Retrocession” (光復 )1947: 2-28 Incident1949: Mainlanders pouring into Taiwan – altogether,1.5- 2 million “ 外省人” arrived
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February 28 incident (1947)
– Background• Street vendor selling contraband
cigarettes was beaten by police officer
• A bystander was shot• Demonstrations followed and more
were killed• Brutal suppression: 10000-28000
killed
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February 28 incident (1947)
– Consequences• Overseas independence movement• Historical memory• 2.28 peace park in Taipei
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ROC to Taiwan
• KMT regime moving to Taiwan (1949) – Adding more than 1.5 millions to
Taiwanese population
• The U.S. hands-off policy in the early 1950
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3. Impact of the Korean War on Taiwan (June 25, 1950)
– Seventh Fleet into the Strait– Not salvaging a corrupt government,
but preventing the spread of Communism (Mutual Defense Treaty)
– “The determination of the future status of Formosa must await the restoration of security in the Pacific, a peace settlement with Japan, or consideration by the United States” (President Truman)
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Retaking the Mainland Militarily
Using Taiwan as the counterattacking base against the mainland in order to recover the ROC (50s to 60s)
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Retaking the mainland?
• “Recovery of the mainland would require 70% political works and 30% military efforts”
• “Three People’s Principles Unify China”
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Authoritarian Era (威權時代 )
• Constitution suspended, martial law imposed until unification was complete
• Single-party government• Repression of dissent• Dedication to 國民黨
goal: national unification• Discrimination against 本省人 and 本土文化
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历史脉络• 元朝(澎湖巡检司的设立)• 荷兰殖民统治( 1624 - 1662 )• 明郑 (1662-1683)
– 反清复明– 图谋吕宋 ( 海商资本的冲动 VS. 长城文化
的防御性 )• 福建台湾府 (1683-1884)
– 为防台而治台 ( 东南七省之屏障 VS. 动乱之渊 )
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历史脉络• 台湾省 (1884-1895)
• 中法战争和台湾建省• 台湾民主国( 1895 )
– 永清(国号)– 唐景崧(台湾巡抚)与张之洞 ( 南洋大臣)
• 日据台湾( 1895 - 1945 )• 光复初期( 1945 - 1949 )
– “中华民国”到台湾• 朝鲜战争和美国因素的介入