The Hazardous Materials The Hazardous Materials Safety and Security Safety and Security

Technology Operational TestTechnology Operational Test

Joseph P. DeLorenzoJoseph P. DeLorenzoMidwest Service CenterMidwest Service Center

Hazardous Materials SpecialistHazardous Materials Specialist

ITS AmericaMay 4, 2005

Identifying Identifying Improvements in Improvements in

Safety, Security Safety, Security and Efficiencyand Efficiency

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Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

1.1. Research OverviewResearch Overview

2.2. DeploymentDeployment Technology & performanceTechnology & performance

3.3. EvaluationEvaluation Benefit-cost analysis using Benefit-cost analysis using

wireless communication with wireless communication with GPS as exampleGPS as example

4.4. ConclusionsConclusions

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Project GoalsProject Goals

Demonstrate an approach Demonstrate an approach that uses existing technology that uses existing technology to improve the safety and to improve the safety and security of HazMatsecurity of HazMat

Quantify the benefits and Quantify the benefits and costs of this approachcosts of this approach

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Research QuestionsResearch Questions

The study quantitatively verified many The study quantitatively verified many assumptions about technology & assumptions about technology & securitysecurity Wireless communication w/ GPS is the base Wireless communication w/ GPS is the base

for all impact areasfor all impact areas Efficiency drives private deployment Efficiency drives private deployment Benefit-cost ratios vary based on load type Benefit-cost ratios vary based on load type

(Low end is LTL, High end is explosives)(Low end is LTL, High end is explosives) Technology is most effective at reducing Technology is most effective at reducing

thefttheft Technology is not a complete solutionTechnology is not a complete solution

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Test DesignTest DesignPICKUP

•Driver identification •Cargo verification•Cargo tampering•Remote lock/unlock

EN ROUTE

•Driver identification•Cargo location tracking•Cargo route adherence•Untethered trailer tracking•Cargo tampering alert•Remote lock/unlock•Real-time alerts to dispatch•Real-time alerts from dispatch to enforcement •Remote vehicle disabling

DELIVERY

•Driver identification•Cargo verificationRemote lock/unlock

PUBLIC SECTOR•Driver verification and identification (enforcement)•Cargo route adherence (dispatch and enforcement)•Real-time alerts from dispatch to enforcement and emergency response

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Research ApproachResearch Approach Considered Safety, Security and Considered Safety, Security and

Efficiency benefitsEfficiency benefits Utilized an Expert Panel & Delphi Utilized an Expert Panel & Delphi

Process for security benefitsProcess for security benefits Co-chaired by TSA and SAICCo-chaired by TSA and SAIC Includes representatives from major Includes representatives from major

associations and other security/counter associations and other security/counter terrorism experts.terrorism experts.

Provided input into staged and controlled Provided input into staged and controlled teststests

Providing input into Delphi processProviding input into Delphi process Reviewed and commented on final analysisReviewed and commented on final analysis

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Technologies Tested Technologies Tested

Served as the base technologyServed as the base technology Both Satellite and Terrestrial Both Satellite and Terrestrial

Communications with GPSCommunications with GPS Digital Cellular phoneDigital Cellular phone

Wireless – Mobile Wireless – Mobile CommunicationsCommunications

Terrestrial Terrestrial (Cellular)(Cellular)

SatelliteSatellite

Bulk Fuel Bulk Chemical

LTL – Pick up & delivery

LTL High Hazard

Truckload Explosives

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Technologies TestedTechnologies Tested

AVL (GPS)AVL (GPS) Geofencing, Off-route alertsGeofencing, Off-route alerts Tethered trailer trackingTethered trailer tracking Untethered trailer trackingUntethered trailer tracking

Vehicle and Trailer Vehicle and Trailer TrackingTracking

RESULTS/LESSONS LEARNED

1. Functioned as expected2. Geofencing had high level of interest but there

are resolution issues3. Trailer tracking has high level of interest

(additional FMCSA testing)

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Additional TechnologiesAdditional Technologies

Good PerformanceGood Performance Panic buttonsPanic buttons Remote vehicle disablingRemote vehicle disabling Remote locking & unlockingRemote locking & unlocking Global LoginGlobal Login

Need further developmentNeed further development Biometric (fingerprint)/ESCMBiometric (fingerprint)/ESCM E-SealsE-Seals

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Technologies TestedTechnologies TestedAutomated Public Sector Response Center (PSRC)Automated Public Sector Response Center (PSRC)

RESULTS/LESSONS LEARNED

1. Technology functioned well, demonstrated ability to reduce incident notification times.

2. System needs to be exception based.

3. There are concerns about relying on an industry based system.

4. Message priority is a concern.

5. Needs of public sector need to be further investigated.

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Efficiency BenefitsEfficiency Benefits

Only wireless communication with Only wireless communication with GPS positioning demonstrated GPS positioning demonstrated operational efficiency gains.operational efficiency gains.

Partially a function of how the Partially a function of how the technologies were deployedtechnologies were deployed

Many technologies were security Many technologies were security focused and relied on the wireless focused and relied on the wireless communication system for communication system for functionalityfunctionality

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Efficiency BenefitsEfficiency Benefits Savings per truck ranged from Savings per truck ranged from

$160/month to $914/month from $160/month to $914/month from wireless communication with GPSwireless communication with GPS

Payback periods within industry Payback periods within industry standardsstandards

Recognizing that all operations may Recognizing that all operations may not realize all of the benefits, a not realize all of the benefits, a “minimum” benefit was calculated.“minimum” benefit was calculated.

Full deployment could result in Full deployment could result in savings of $1 billion per year savings of $1 billion per year industry wideindustry wide

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Safety and Public Sector Safety and Public Sector BenefitsBenefits

Public Sector focused on two areas:Public Sector focused on two areas: Improved response times through faster Improved response times through faster

notificationnotification Panic buttons provided time savings of Panic buttons provided time savings of 18 18

minutesminutes over traditional notification process over traditional notification process Off-route detections improved by nearly Off-route detections improved by nearly 3 3

hourshours Improved quality of informationImproved quality of information

Positive driver ID time savings of 28 minutes Positive driver ID time savings of 28 minutes Alerts included manifest information, driver Alerts included manifest information, driver

information and location information and location

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Security BenefitsSecurity Benefits

Using the Delphi method Using the Delphi method vulnerability reductions were vulnerability reductions were identifiedidentified Greatest reduction was from the base Greatest reduction was from the base

wireless communication system with wireless communication system with GPSGPS

Incremental gains were identified Incremental gains were identified from the other technologiesfrom the other technologies

Greatest reductions were in theft Greatest reductions were in theft preventionprevention

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ConclusionsConclusions The wireless communication system The wireless communication system

with GPS tracking provided efficiency with GPS tracking provided efficiency benefits and the base vulnerability benefits and the base vulnerability reductionreduction

Additional technologies provided Additional technologies provided incremental improvements in security.incremental improvements in security.

A stratification of load types and A stratification of load types and technologies seems inherent in the technologies seems inherent in the resultsresults

Greatest vulnerability reductions were Greatest vulnerability reductions were provided for theft scenarioprovided for theft scenario

Wireless communications with GPS Wireless communications with GPS tracking provided a positive return on tracking provided a positive return on investment in all four test scenarios.investment in all four test scenarios.

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ConclusionsConclusions

Except for LTL, preventing only one Except for LTL, preventing only one terrorist attack over a three year terrorist attack over a three year period produces a cost savings well period produces a cost savings well beyond the break even point for beyond the break even point for benefits and costs.benefits and costs.

The combined benefit-cost analysis The combined benefit-cost analysis showed positive benefit-cost ratios in showed positive benefit-cost ratios in all categoriesall categories

Notification times and the quality of Notification times and the quality of information provided to the public information provided to the public sector was improved.sector was improved.

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The Bottom LineThe Bottom Line

Despite the results, technology Despite the results, technology alone is not a complete security alone is not a complete security solution – only technology along solution – only technology along with sound security practices and with sound security practices and supported by ongoing public and supported by ongoing public and private outreach, training and private outreach, training and security programs can help to security programs can help to meet a constantly present threat.meet a constantly present threat.

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Next Steps Next Steps High-level Needs Assessment to address High-level Needs Assessment to address

public sector response to hazmat safety public sector response to hazmat safety and security incidents. Completion April and security incidents. Completion April 2005 2005

Industry Outreach TaskIndustry Outreach Task Promote voluntary deploymentPromote voluntary deployment Continue and expand Technology CompendiumContinue and expand Technology Compendium

www.safehazmat.comwww.safehazmat.com Additional testing: Additional testing:

Untethered Trailer Tracking Untethered Trailer Tracking Expanded Satellite Based CommunicationsExpanded Satellite Based Communications Vehicle Disable (upcoming)Vehicle Disable (upcoming)

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Final ReportsFinal Reports

Posted on the FMCSA Web site: Posted on the FMCSA Web site: www.fmcsa.dot.govwww.fmcsa.dot.govwww.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety-security/hazmat/fot/index.htmwww.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety-security/hazmat/fot/index.htm

2 Final Reports2 Final Reports Deployment final report – describes the Deployment final report – describes the

actual testing process and lessons actual testing process and lessons learnedlearned

Evaluation final report – the Evaluation final report – the independence evaluation and benefit-independence evaluation and benefit-cost analysiscost analysis

The EndThe End

joseph.delorenzo@fmcsa.joseph.delorenzo@fmcsa.dot.govdot.gov

708.283.3572708.283.3572