The Hawaii and American Samoa Pelagic Longline Fisheries ... · The Hawaii and American Samoa...

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The Hawaii and American Samoa Pelagic The Hawaii and American Samoa Pelagic Longline Fisheries: Economic Analysis and Longline Fisheries: Economic Analysis and Recent Developments in the Fisheries Recent Developments in the Fisheries Joseph M. O’Malley Joseph M. O’Malley Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research University of Hawaii University of Hawaii- Manoa Manoa Samuel G. Pooley Samuel G. Pooley Honolulu Laboratory Honolulu Laboratory National Marine Fisheries Service National Marine Fisheries Service

Transcript of The Hawaii and American Samoa Pelagic Longline Fisheries ... · The Hawaii and American Samoa...

Page 1: The Hawaii and American Samoa Pelagic Longline Fisheries ... · The Hawaii and American Samoa Pelagic Longline Fisheries: Economic Analysis and Recent Developments in the Fisheries

The Hawaii and American Samoa Pelagic The Hawaii and American Samoa Pelagic Longline Fisheries: Economic Analysis and Longline Fisheries: Economic Analysis and

Recent Developments in the FisheriesRecent Developments in the Fisheries

Joseph M. O’MalleyJoseph M. O’MalleyJoint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric ResearchJoint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research

University of HawaiiUniversity of Hawaii-- ManoaManoa

Samuel G. PooleySamuel G. PooleyHonolulu LaboratoryHonolulu Laboratory

National Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Marine Fisheries Service

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American Samoa American Samoa AliaAlia

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American Samoa “Big Boat”American Samoa “Big Boat”

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Number of American Samoa Longline VesselsNumber of American Samoa Longline Vessels

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Year

# of

ves

sels

alias 'big boats'

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0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Year

# o

f a

lba

co

re c

au

gh

t (1

00

0's

)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

# o

f h

oo

ks

se

t (1

00

0's

)

# hooks set (1000's)

#of albacore (1000's)

Catch and EffortCatch and Effort

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Impacts of the “Big Boats”Impacts of the “Big Boats”

•• Avoid gear conflictsAvoid gear conflicts

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Impacts of the “Big Boats”Impacts of the “Big Boats”

•• Maintain the potential for economically viable Maintain the potential for economically viable catch rates in the smallcatch rates in the small--scale fisheryscale fishery

•• Maintain cultural identity and dependence Maintain cultural identity and dependence on ocean resourceson ocean resources

•• Avoid gear conflictsAvoid gear conflicts

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1818TotalTotal

6611NewNew

6611UnknownUnknown

111122Korean crab vesselKorean crab vessel

111122Foreign longline vesselForeign longline vessel

111122U.S. West Coast misc.U.S. West Coast misc.

171733Gulf of Mexico shrimp vesselGulf of Mexico shrimp vessel

171733Hawaii longline boatHawaii longline boat

222244U.S. West Coast longline/troll vesselU.S. West Coast longline/troll vessel

%%# of Vessels# of VesselsPrevious FisheryPrevious Fishery

Origin of Interviewed American Samoa Origin of Interviewed American Samoa “Big Boats”“Big Boats”

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*Presented as estimated yearly costs if 17 trips were made.*Presented as estimated yearly costs if 17 trips were made.**Crew share consists of 5 crew members earning an 6,5,5,4 and 3**Crew share consists of 5 crew members earning an 6,5,5,4 and 3 shares.shares.

177,207177,20710,42310,423Net RevenueNet Revenue

479,856479,85628,22828,228Total CostsTotal Costs

177,894177,89410,46410,464Labor **Labor **

200,923200,92311,82011,820Variable Costs TotalVariable Costs Total

101,039101,0395,9445,944Fixed Costs TotalFixed Costs Total

657,063657,06338,65138,651RevenueRevenue

Average (US$)Average (US$)Average (US$)Average (US$)Income StatementIncome Statement

Annual*Annual*TripTrip

Income Statement of a “Big Boat”Income Statement of a “Big Boat”

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*Based on average albacore weight of 45 lbs.*Based on average albacore weight of 45 lbs.**Based on 17 trips/year.**Based on 17 trips/year.+Based on 14 sets/trip.+Based on 14 sets/trip.++Based on 2,141 hooks/set.++Based on 2,141 hooks/set.

Breakeven Point EstimationBreakeven Point Estimation

0.026 (0.011)0.026 (0.011)0.0300.0300.0250.0250.0190.019Albacore/hookAlbacore/hook++++

55 (23)55 (23)646453534040Albacore/setAlbacore/set++

767 (324)767 (324)896896738738555555Albacore/trip**Albacore/trip**

13,036 (5,503)13,036 (5,503)15,23415,23412,54512,5459,4379,437Individual albacore*Individual albacore*

586,611 (247,661)586,611 (247,661)685,509685,509564,536564,536424,651424,651Poundage Poundage

$1,500$1,5002002, 12002, 1stst qrtqrt. . ($1,884)($1,884)

2001 avg. 2001 avg. ($2,496)($2,496)

2001 Vessel Average 2001 Vessel Average (std) n=10(std) n=10

Albacore Price/TonAlbacore Price/TonNeeded to Meet Needed to Meet

ExpensesExpenses

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Big Boat Fishers’ Remarks and OpinionsBig Boat Fishers’ Remarks and Opinions

ØØ NearshoreNearshore area closure:area closure:“No opinion” = 50%“No opinion” = 50%“Too much restriction” = 10%“Too much restriction” = 10%“Good only around Tutuila” = 10%“Good only around Tutuila” = 10%Positive reaction = 30%Positive reaction = 30%

ØØ Limited Entry:Limited Entry:“No opinion” = 20%“No opinion” = 20%“Fishery take care of itself = 10%“Fishery take care of itself = 10%Definitely needed = 70%Definitely needed = 70%

Maximum number of big boats = 37Maximum number of big boats = 37

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2000 Hawaii Longline Economics2000 Hawaii Longline Economics

$0

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000

$60,000

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Year

Ex

-ve

ss

el g

ros

s r

ev

en

ue

(U

S$

)

revenue

Ito and Machado, 2001

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•• 11/99 to 3/0111/99 to 3/01-- fishing effort reduced N of Hawaiifishing effort reduced N of Hawaii•• 4/014/01-- prohibition on swordfish style fishingprohibition on swordfish style fishing

•• 6/006/00-- state banstate ban•• 12/0012/00-- federal banfederal ban

ØØ Swordfish Fishery Swordfish Fishery

ØØ Shark Finning BanShark Finning Ban

Recent Regulations Affecting Longline ProfitsRecent Regulations Affecting Longline Profits

ØØ Tuna FisheryTuna Fishery•• AprilApril--May area closure S of HawaiiMay area closure S of Hawaii

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Income Statement of Hawaii Longline VesselsIncome Statement of Hawaii Longline Vessels

55,05855,05827,48327,483Net Revenue Net Revenue ¤¤

440,398440,398462,818462,818Total CostsTotal Costs

164,815164,815139,379139,379Labor *Labor *

184,986 184,986 230,232230,232Variable Costs Total *Variable Costs Total *

90,59790,59793,20793,207Fixed Costs Total *Fixed Costs Total *

495,456495,456490,301490,301Gross Revenue +Gross Revenue +

AverageAverageAverageAverageStatementStatement

TunaTunaSwordfishSwordfish

+ Hawaii Dept. of Aquatic Resources+ Hawaii Dept. of Aquatic Resources* Survey information* Survey information¤ Derived¤ Derived

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487,701487,701435,870435,870467,078467,078443,302443,302401,597401,597Total CostsTotal Costs

38,57638,57623,59523,59518,20818,20853,27653,276101,143101,143Net Revenue Net Revenue ¤¤

167,378167,378

182,868 182,868

93,05693,056

496,578496,578

AverageAverage

Medium Medium TunaTuna

142,896142,896

239,749239,749

84,43384,433

485,286485,286

AverageAverage

Large Large TunaTuna

114,422114,422

239,928239,928

81,52081,520

459,465459,465

AverageAverage

Medium Medium SwordfishSwordfish

160,619160,619

221,449221,449

105,633105,633

526,277526,277

AverageAverage

Large Large SwordfishSwordfish

187,685187,685Labor *Labor *

147,503147,503Variable Costs Variable Costs Total *Total *

66,40966,409Fixed Costs Total *Fixed Costs Total *

502,740502,740Gross Revenue +Gross Revenue +

AverageAverageStatement Statement

Small Small tunatuna

Income Statement of Hawaii Longline Vessels by Income Statement of Hawaii Longline Vessels by Vessel Size and TargetVessel Size and Target

+ Hawaii Dept. of Aquatic Resources+ Hawaii Dept. of Aquatic Resources

*Survey information*Survey information

¤ Derived¤ Derived

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Comparison with 1993 StudyComparison with 1993 Study

2727111155552020Net revenueNet revenue

462462622622440440335335Total costsTotal costs

139139139139165165113113LaborLabor

230230356356185 185 133133Variable costsVariable costs

939312712791918989Fixed costsFixed costs

490490633633495495355355RevenueRevenue

2000 2000 avgavg($1000) ($1000)

1993 1993 avgavg($1000)($1000)

2000 2000 avgavg($1000)($1000)

1993 1993 avgavg($1000)($1000)

SwordfishSwordfishTunaTuna

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Reported Revenue Lost due to Reported Revenue Lost due to Shark Finning BanShark Finning Ban

3311,80111,80120,13320,133Large swordfishLarge swordfish4418,28518,28520,66320,663Medium swordfish Medium swordfish 559,5139,51313,85013,850Large tuna Large tuna

16164,3434,34311,68411,684Medium tuna Medium tuna 884,0504,0507,6567,656Small tuna Small tuna

29295,6605,66010,94710,947TunaTuna7714,61814,61820,43520,435SwordfishSwordfishnnstdstdAverage Average Vessel ClassificationVessel Classification

Average Annual Loss of RevenueAverage Annual Loss of Revenue

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Cost to Convert Gear from Swordfish to TunaCost to Convert Gear from Swordfish to Tuna

35,92535,925TOTAL COSTTOTAL COST1,6001,6001,6001,60011Side RollerSide Roller

808020204 bags4 bagsVinyl TubesVinyl Tubes

1,2251,225353535 bags35 bagsSleevesSleeves

2,5002,5001125002500HooksHooks

1,7501,750.70.7025002500WeightsWeights

1,5001,5001115001500Snap SwivelsSnap Swivels

400400400400--Wire LeaderWire Leader

1,7201,720----BranchlineBranchline

1,5001,500----FloatlineFloatline

3,8503,8503535110110BuoysBuoys

12,80012,80032032040 miles40 milesMainlineMainline

7,0007,0007,0007,0001 + hydraulics1 + hydraulicsLine ShooterLine Shooter

Total Cost/Item (US$)Total Cost/Item (US$)Cost per Unit (US$)Cost per Unit (US$)QuantityQuantityItemItem

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Additional Analysis of Hawaii Longline Additional Analysis of Hawaii Longline EconomicsEconomics

•• Difference between paying ‘local’ crew shares Difference between paying ‘local’ crew shares and foreign crew a set salary:and foreign crew a set salary:

2000 fleet averages = $152,097 vs. $44,3332000 fleet averages = $152,097 vs. $44,333

•• Highliners (Highliners (net revenue > $300,000 abovenet revenue > $300,000 above ))

•• Physical and operational characteristics.Physical and operational characteristics.

•• Fishers opinions on state of the fishery.Fishers opinions on state of the fishery.

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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

•• Vessel owners and captains from American Samoa and Vessel owners and captains from American Samoa and HawaiiHawaii

•• American Samoa Dept. of Marine and Wildlife ResourcesAmerican Samoa Dept. of Marine and Wildlife Resources

•• Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management CouncilWestern Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council

•• Western Pacific Fisheries Information NetworkWestern Pacific Fisheries Information Network

•• Pelagic Fisheries Research Program (UH, JIMAR)Pelagic Fisheries Research Program (UH, JIMAR)

•• Hawaii Dept. of Aquatic ResourcesHawaii Dept. of Aquatic Resources

•• National Marine Fisheries Service, Honolulu Lab, FMPI and National Marine Fisheries Service, Honolulu Lab, FMPI and FMEPFMEP