The Hawaii and American Samoa Pelagic Longline Fisheries ... · The Hawaii and American Samoa...
Transcript of The Hawaii and American Samoa Pelagic Longline Fisheries ... · The Hawaii and American Samoa...
The Hawaii and American Samoa Pelagic The Hawaii and American Samoa Pelagic Longline Fisheries: Economic Analysis and Longline Fisheries: Economic Analysis and
Recent Developments in the FisheriesRecent Developments in the Fisheries
Joseph M. O’MalleyJoseph M. O’MalleyJoint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric ResearchJoint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research
University of HawaiiUniversity of Hawaii-- ManoaManoa
Samuel G. PooleySamuel G. PooleyHonolulu LaboratoryHonolulu Laboratory
National Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Marine Fisheries Service
American Samoa American Samoa AliaAlia
American Samoa “Big Boat”American Samoa “Big Boat”
Number of American Samoa Longline VesselsNumber of American Samoa Longline Vessels
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
# of
ves
sels
alias 'big boats'
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
# o
f a
lba
co
re c
au
gh
t (1
00
0's
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
# o
f h
oo
ks
se
t (1
00
0's
)
# hooks set (1000's)
#of albacore (1000's)
Catch and EffortCatch and Effort
Impacts of the “Big Boats”Impacts of the “Big Boats”
•• Avoid gear conflictsAvoid gear conflicts
Impacts of the “Big Boats”Impacts of the “Big Boats”
•• Maintain the potential for economically viable Maintain the potential for economically viable catch rates in the smallcatch rates in the small--scale fisheryscale fishery
•• Maintain cultural identity and dependence Maintain cultural identity and dependence on ocean resourceson ocean resources
•• Avoid gear conflictsAvoid gear conflicts
1818TotalTotal
6611NewNew
6611UnknownUnknown
111122Korean crab vesselKorean crab vessel
111122Foreign longline vesselForeign longline vessel
111122U.S. West Coast misc.U.S. West Coast misc.
171733Gulf of Mexico shrimp vesselGulf of Mexico shrimp vessel
171733Hawaii longline boatHawaii longline boat
222244U.S. West Coast longline/troll vesselU.S. West Coast longline/troll vessel
%%# of Vessels# of VesselsPrevious FisheryPrevious Fishery
Origin of Interviewed American Samoa Origin of Interviewed American Samoa “Big Boats”“Big Boats”
*Presented as estimated yearly costs if 17 trips were made.*Presented as estimated yearly costs if 17 trips were made.**Crew share consists of 5 crew members earning an 6,5,5,4 and 3**Crew share consists of 5 crew members earning an 6,5,5,4 and 3 shares.shares.
177,207177,20710,42310,423Net RevenueNet Revenue
479,856479,85628,22828,228Total CostsTotal Costs
177,894177,89410,46410,464Labor **Labor **
200,923200,92311,82011,820Variable Costs TotalVariable Costs Total
101,039101,0395,9445,944Fixed Costs TotalFixed Costs Total
657,063657,06338,65138,651RevenueRevenue
Average (US$)Average (US$)Average (US$)Average (US$)Income StatementIncome Statement
Annual*Annual*TripTrip
Income Statement of a “Big Boat”Income Statement of a “Big Boat”
*Based on average albacore weight of 45 lbs.*Based on average albacore weight of 45 lbs.**Based on 17 trips/year.**Based on 17 trips/year.+Based on 14 sets/trip.+Based on 14 sets/trip.++Based on 2,141 hooks/set.++Based on 2,141 hooks/set.
Breakeven Point EstimationBreakeven Point Estimation
0.026 (0.011)0.026 (0.011)0.0300.0300.0250.0250.0190.019Albacore/hookAlbacore/hook++++
55 (23)55 (23)646453534040Albacore/setAlbacore/set++
767 (324)767 (324)896896738738555555Albacore/trip**Albacore/trip**
13,036 (5,503)13,036 (5,503)15,23415,23412,54512,5459,4379,437Individual albacore*Individual albacore*
586,611 (247,661)586,611 (247,661)685,509685,509564,536564,536424,651424,651Poundage Poundage
$1,500$1,5002002, 12002, 1stst qrtqrt. . ($1,884)($1,884)
2001 avg. 2001 avg. ($2,496)($2,496)
2001 Vessel Average 2001 Vessel Average (std) n=10(std) n=10
Albacore Price/TonAlbacore Price/TonNeeded to Meet Needed to Meet
ExpensesExpenses
Big Boat Fishers’ Remarks and OpinionsBig Boat Fishers’ Remarks and Opinions
ØØ NearshoreNearshore area closure:area closure:“No opinion” = 50%“No opinion” = 50%“Too much restriction” = 10%“Too much restriction” = 10%“Good only around Tutuila” = 10%“Good only around Tutuila” = 10%Positive reaction = 30%Positive reaction = 30%
ØØ Limited Entry:Limited Entry:“No opinion” = 20%“No opinion” = 20%“Fishery take care of itself = 10%“Fishery take care of itself = 10%Definitely needed = 70%Definitely needed = 70%
Maximum number of big boats = 37Maximum number of big boats = 37
2000 Hawaii Longline Economics2000 Hawaii Longline Economics
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Year
Ex
-ve
ss
el g
ros
s r
ev
en
ue
(U
S$
)
revenue
Ito and Machado, 2001
•• 11/99 to 3/0111/99 to 3/01-- fishing effort reduced N of Hawaiifishing effort reduced N of Hawaii•• 4/014/01-- prohibition on swordfish style fishingprohibition on swordfish style fishing
•• 6/006/00-- state banstate ban•• 12/0012/00-- federal banfederal ban
ØØ Swordfish Fishery Swordfish Fishery
ØØ Shark Finning BanShark Finning Ban
Recent Regulations Affecting Longline ProfitsRecent Regulations Affecting Longline Profits
ØØ Tuna FisheryTuna Fishery•• AprilApril--May area closure S of HawaiiMay area closure S of Hawaii
Income Statement of Hawaii Longline VesselsIncome Statement of Hawaii Longline Vessels
55,05855,05827,48327,483Net Revenue Net Revenue ¤¤
440,398440,398462,818462,818Total CostsTotal Costs
164,815164,815139,379139,379Labor *Labor *
184,986 184,986 230,232230,232Variable Costs Total *Variable Costs Total *
90,59790,59793,20793,207Fixed Costs Total *Fixed Costs Total *
495,456495,456490,301490,301Gross Revenue +Gross Revenue +
AverageAverageAverageAverageStatementStatement
TunaTunaSwordfishSwordfish
+ Hawaii Dept. of Aquatic Resources+ Hawaii Dept. of Aquatic Resources* Survey information* Survey information¤ Derived¤ Derived
487,701487,701435,870435,870467,078467,078443,302443,302401,597401,597Total CostsTotal Costs
38,57638,57623,59523,59518,20818,20853,27653,276101,143101,143Net Revenue Net Revenue ¤¤
167,378167,378
182,868 182,868
93,05693,056
496,578496,578
AverageAverage
Medium Medium TunaTuna
142,896142,896
239,749239,749
84,43384,433
485,286485,286
AverageAverage
Large Large TunaTuna
114,422114,422
239,928239,928
81,52081,520
459,465459,465
AverageAverage
Medium Medium SwordfishSwordfish
160,619160,619
221,449221,449
105,633105,633
526,277526,277
AverageAverage
Large Large SwordfishSwordfish
187,685187,685Labor *Labor *
147,503147,503Variable Costs Variable Costs Total *Total *
66,40966,409Fixed Costs Total *Fixed Costs Total *
502,740502,740Gross Revenue +Gross Revenue +
AverageAverageStatement Statement
Small Small tunatuna
Income Statement of Hawaii Longline Vessels by Income Statement of Hawaii Longline Vessels by Vessel Size and TargetVessel Size and Target
+ Hawaii Dept. of Aquatic Resources+ Hawaii Dept. of Aquatic Resources
*Survey information*Survey information
¤ Derived¤ Derived
Comparison with 1993 StudyComparison with 1993 Study
2727111155552020Net revenueNet revenue
462462622622440440335335Total costsTotal costs
139139139139165165113113LaborLabor
230230356356185 185 133133Variable costsVariable costs
939312712791918989Fixed costsFixed costs
490490633633495495355355RevenueRevenue
2000 2000 avgavg($1000) ($1000)
1993 1993 avgavg($1000)($1000)
2000 2000 avgavg($1000)($1000)
1993 1993 avgavg($1000)($1000)
SwordfishSwordfishTunaTuna
Reported Revenue Lost due to Reported Revenue Lost due to Shark Finning BanShark Finning Ban
3311,80111,80120,13320,133Large swordfishLarge swordfish4418,28518,28520,66320,663Medium swordfish Medium swordfish 559,5139,51313,85013,850Large tuna Large tuna
16164,3434,34311,68411,684Medium tuna Medium tuna 884,0504,0507,6567,656Small tuna Small tuna
29295,6605,66010,94710,947TunaTuna7714,61814,61820,43520,435SwordfishSwordfishnnstdstdAverage Average Vessel ClassificationVessel Classification
Average Annual Loss of RevenueAverage Annual Loss of Revenue
Cost to Convert Gear from Swordfish to TunaCost to Convert Gear from Swordfish to Tuna
35,92535,925TOTAL COSTTOTAL COST1,6001,6001,6001,60011Side RollerSide Roller
808020204 bags4 bagsVinyl TubesVinyl Tubes
1,2251,225353535 bags35 bagsSleevesSleeves
2,5002,5001125002500HooksHooks
1,7501,750.70.7025002500WeightsWeights
1,5001,5001115001500Snap SwivelsSnap Swivels
400400400400--Wire LeaderWire Leader
1,7201,720----BranchlineBranchline
1,5001,500----FloatlineFloatline
3,8503,8503535110110BuoysBuoys
12,80012,80032032040 miles40 milesMainlineMainline
7,0007,0007,0007,0001 + hydraulics1 + hydraulicsLine ShooterLine Shooter
Total Cost/Item (US$)Total Cost/Item (US$)Cost per Unit (US$)Cost per Unit (US$)QuantityQuantityItemItem
Additional Analysis of Hawaii Longline Additional Analysis of Hawaii Longline EconomicsEconomics
•• Difference between paying ‘local’ crew shares Difference between paying ‘local’ crew shares and foreign crew a set salary:and foreign crew a set salary:
2000 fleet averages = $152,097 vs. $44,3332000 fleet averages = $152,097 vs. $44,333
•• Highliners (Highliners (net revenue > $300,000 abovenet revenue > $300,000 above ))
•• Physical and operational characteristics.Physical and operational characteristics.
•• Fishers opinions on state of the fishery.Fishers opinions on state of the fishery.
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
•• Vessel owners and captains from American Samoa and Vessel owners and captains from American Samoa and HawaiiHawaii
•• American Samoa Dept. of Marine and Wildlife ResourcesAmerican Samoa Dept. of Marine and Wildlife Resources
•• Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management CouncilWestern Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council
•• Western Pacific Fisheries Information NetworkWestern Pacific Fisheries Information Network
•• Pelagic Fisheries Research Program (UH, JIMAR)Pelagic Fisheries Research Program (UH, JIMAR)
•• Hawaii Dept. of Aquatic ResourcesHawaii Dept. of Aquatic Resources
•• National Marine Fisheries Service, Honolulu Lab, FMPI and National Marine Fisheries Service, Honolulu Lab, FMPI and FMEPFMEP