The Grid Prof Steve Lloyd Queen Mary, University of London.
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Transcript of The Grid Prof Steve Lloyd Queen Mary, University of London.
The Grid
Prof Steve Lloyd Queen Mary, University of
London
The Grid
The Physics Challenge
Steve Lloyd Slide 2
10 o
rders
of
mag
nit
ud
e All interactions
The Higgs
Standard Model: Jets, W, Z
Relative number of events
The Grid
Event Complexity
Steve Lloyd Slide 3
25 Separate Interactions
8 Jet Event
Steve Lloyd The Grid Slide 4
The Data Deluge
Collisions 40 Million times a second (40MHz)
150 Million electronic channels
Petabytes of data per year
1 Petabyte = 1000 Terabytes1 Terabyte = 1000 Gigabytes1 Gigabyte = 1000 Megabytes
Total ATLAS Disk Used
100 PB
2008 2012
Steve Lloyd The Grid Slide 5
E = mc2
Grid Middleware
Solution is a massive distributed computer system – The Grid
From Web to Grid
• Relatively inexpensive
• Scalable• Simple (?) to use• Accessible 24/7• Easily upgraded• Robust
Steve Lloyd The Grid Slide 6
Analogy with the Electricity Power Grid
'Standard Interface'
Power Stations
Distribution Infrastructure
Electricity Grid
Steve Lloyd The Grid Slide 7
Computing and Data Centres
Fibre Optics of the Internet
Computing Grid
Steve Lloyd The Grid Slide 8
The Grid – A Distributed PC
MIDDLEWARE
CPUDisks, CPU etc
PROGRAMS
OPERATING SYSTEM
Word/Excel
Email/Web
Your Progra
mGames
CPUCluste
r
UserInterfac
eMachine
CPUCluste
r
CPUCluste
r
Workload Manageme
nt
Information Service
Single PC
Grid
DiskServer
Your Progra
m
Middleware is the Operating System of a distributed computing
system
Replica CatalogueBookkeepin
g Service
Steve Lloyd The Grid
Brunel
Tier-0
Tier-1National centres
Tier-2Regional groups
Institutes
Servers
Offline farm
Online system
CERN computer centre
RAL,UK
ScotGrid NorthGridSouthGrid London
FranceItalyGermanyUSA
Imperial QMUL RHULUseful model for Particle Physics but not necessary for others
UCL
Slide 9
Tier Structure
Steve Lloyd The Grid Slide 10
Tier-1 v Tier-2
Tier-1s – International role Tier-2s – Leverage University funding, Local
publicity
RAL Tier-1: 7,400 PC Equivalents, 2.3PB Disk, 5PB
TapeQMUL Tier-2: 3,500 PC Equivalents, 1.7PB Disk
Steve Lloyd The Grid
Problems that are highly parallelizable
Problem
Grid
Solution
Input data is independent e.g. Images:
A=2B=3 A=3
B=3 A=2B=4
Simulation using different parameters:
Not so good for closely coupled problems
These pieces may be independent
These pieces will have to interact
What is a Grid good for?
Slide 11
Steve Lloyd The Grid
• Astronomy
• Healthcare
• Bioinformatics
• Gaming
• Engineering
• Commerce
Other Applications
Slide 12
Steve Lloyd The Grid Slide 13
Other Applications
Allow use by other scientific disciplines such as Bioinformatics
The Grid
CERN@school
Steve Lloyd Slide 14
Take data from Medipix Detector Chips and make available via the Grid (Simon Langton Grammar School for Boys,
Canterbury)
Available for use in schools – cosmic
rays, radioactivity etc
LUCID flying on TechDemoSat-1
in Autumn 2012
Schools
Schools
Schools
Coordinator School
Local University
Grid
Schools
Schools without Chips will be able to contribute to
analysis
Steve Lloyd The Grid Slide 15
The Real Time Monitor
Try it yourself (Java App): http://rtm.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/
