The Greek Testament Roots in a Selection of Text Giving the Power or Reading the Whole New...

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GREEK TESTAMENT ROOTS.



THE

GREEK TESTAMENT ROOTS,IN A

SELECTION OF TEXTS,

GIVING THE POWER 0 READING

THE WHOLE GREEK TESTAMENT

WITHOUT DIFFICULTY.

ftTOij erammattcal |ktcs, anif a Parsing ILm'cmt

ASSOCIATING THE

<&vtzk Prtmttto battiy fEnglfelj JBcrtbaitfars.

j -

G. K. GILLESPIE, A.M.

Trjs 'PI'ZA^

, .ristotle, in Diog. Laert.

LONDON:

WALTON AND MABERLY,

UPPER GOWER STREET;AND IVY LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW.

M.DCCC.LVIIl.



LONDON:

HINTED BY J. AND CO.

CIKOCS TLACE, FINSBUKT.



?*

PREFACE.

It may be regarded as an axiom in the art of learning

languages, that the first step should be to acquire

a knowledge of the primitive words, since they

form the only skeleton or framework by which the

memory can connect and retain the parts of which the

Body of a language is composed.

Applied to the Greek language, probably the most

copious and indisputably the most systematic that ever

existed, this principle is more obviously true than in

respect to any other. Hence the best lexicographers,

by ranging the multitudes of derivatives under theii

respective roots, obliged the student habitually to refer

the members of each family of words to a single lead-

ing or Parent idea ; and hence many grammarians have

recommended and compiled vocabularies of roots to be

got by heart; aware that, if the primitive words

appropriately called the roots— of the language are

stored in the memory, the knowledge of the derivatives

will soon follow, as they spring naturally out of their

roots by constant laws of formation and development.

The acquisition of the roots by a vocabulary is open

a 3



PREFACE.

to the objections, that not only is the task repulsive

and wearisome, but words thus isolated are committed

to memory with difficulty and, from the absence of

connexion or association, soon forgotten. A direct

method of learning the Greek roots, free from such

objections, has hitherto remained a desideratum in the

mechanism of classical instruction.

The leading principle on which the present work is

founded is, that the roots of a language will be best learnt

in association with sentences or texts in which they occur.

They will thus be less painfully acquired, and more

easily retained, than when learnt by rote in the dry

form of a vocabulary. The natural method of learning

the words of a language is to acquire them, not singly

and without association as from a dictionary, but

grouped together into sentences; and the more im-

portant or entertaining those sentences are, the more

likely are the words which compose them to be remem-

bered. On the other hand, single words, like abstract

numbers, are always recollected with difficulty, from

the want of some link of association to recall them to

the memory.

The object of this publication is to enable the pupil

to acquire the principal roots of the Greek language,

by studying a selection of verses involving all the pri-

mitive words to be found in the New Testament. That

volume has been chosen as the basis of the work

because many persons, whose opportunities for the

cultivation of the language are limited, are anxious to



PREFACE. vii

become acquainted with the Testament in the original

and because the Evangelical Penmen, by their simple

style, afford the easiest introduction to Greek for those

who intend to pursue the study farther.

The design governing the selection of the extracts

here given, was to collect the smallest possible number

of verses comprising all the radical words that occur in

the Greek Testament, in order to furnish the student

with a clue, in the narrowest compass, to the language

of the whole Book. They are necessarily detached

passages; but in no case is less than a verse given;

and the absence of the context will be little felt, the

subject being universally familiar; and the verses of

Scripture having mostly the peculiarity of being sus-

ceptible of isolation, as separate texts, without mutila-

tion of the complete sense.

The extent of these extracts is about five hundredand ninety verses; a number less than that of the

verses in the shortest of the gospels, and only a little

more than a fourteenth part of the whole New Testa-

ment. The learner, after having carefully studied this

small quantity of Greek, willbe capable of translating

every part of the Greek Testament without difficulty.

The extracts having been taken, in proportional quanti-

ties, from all the writers of the Testament, he will have

some knowledge of the style of each ; and, in reading

the Epistles, will feel less of the difficulty complained

of by persons who have read only the historical books.

In fact, whoever thoroughly masters these six hundred



viii PREFACE.

verses, may be truly said to possess a key to all the

words and all the styles of the Greek Testament; and

certainly cannot meet, in the whole of the sacred

volume, one word with which he is not more or less

acquainted.

The text is accompanied by original notes,* con-

taining an etymological or critical explanation of the

grammatical difficulties which occur in the text ; . and

directing the learner's attention to the chief pecu-

liarities of Greek syntax, and to other points connected

with the analysis of the language. They are almost

exclusively grammatical or philological; the chief ex-

ception being the note on Rev. xiii. 18, in which a

new solution is offered of the famous problem of

St. John.

A Lexicon or Vocabulary follows, in which all words

that present any difficulty are carefully parsed. It has

been thought judicious not to parse words which are

but little deflected from the root. It is possible to

give too much aid to a learner ; and it is not the inten-

tion of the Parsing Lexicon to save him all trouble of

investigation. A vocabulary, parsing all words indis-

criminately, presents too great an inducement to indo-

lence; and to a laborious student is not only useless,

but pernicious, as tending to make him lose sight of

the necessity of exercising himself in tracing the pedi-

* In one instance a note (on the composition of the new-

word telegram) appears in the Lexicon, p. 270.



PREFACE. ix

gree which connects the inflected form with its Stem.

Wherever a slight acquaintance with the general modes

of forming the inflections wonld enable the pupil to

discover the root of an inflected form, he will find no

assistance in the Lexicon. But, since too little aid

may be afforded as well as too much, care has been

taken to leave no difficulties in the student's path,

which very moderate exertion will not enable him to

surmount. Hence, in all cases where any material or

unusual change takes place in the original word, or

where the least irregularity exists, the inflected form

is parsed. Under each derivative the student's attention is

directed to the root; and with the irregular verbs are

given the supposed primitive or obsolete forms from

which some of their tenses are borrowed ; as the stu-

dent is thus enabled to reduce to regularity a majority

of the tenses commonly called " anomalous," although

in reality perfectly regular. The radical words are

printed in capitals, not only in order that they may

attract the learner's especial notice, but also that the

Lexicon may occasionally serve as a vocabulary of roots

exclusively; which the student may, if he thinks pro-

per, commit to memory concurrently with reading the

extracts. But this task is not obligatory ; indeed, the

knowledge of the roots will more naturally follow from

the assiduous study of the texts with which they are

associated. It is merely suggested in aid of those who

desire to pursue the study with more than ordinary

earnestness and rapidity.



x PREFACE.

One of the most efficient methods of impressing

radical Greek words on the mind, is to observe their

incorporation into any other language with which the

student may be acquainted. To encourage this asso-

ciative exercise, some of the more remarkable English

derivations are indicated in the Lexicon; each Greek

primitive being illustrated by some English derivative from

it, whenever the Greek root has been incorporated into

the English language. The extensive connexion of the

Greek language with the English is thus brought before

the learner at every step of his progress. He will at

once be struck with the advantages which his own

language has derived from its etymological kinship to

the Greek ; and, his curiosity being thus stimulated by

inspiring a taste for derivations—the most interesting

of all exercises connected with the study of a foreign

language—he will find pleasant and instructive em-

ployment, and exercise for his ingenuity, in tracing

other affinities or identities for himself. He will do

this the more readily, and will lay the foundation of

more extensive philological comparisons, if he make

himself master of some etymologicallaws,

governing

such analogies, which have been prefixed to the texts

with that view. His Greek learning will, in this man-

ner, become subsidiary to his more intimate knowledge

of English ; and the student of the mathematical, phy-

sical, or medical sciences especially, will find himself

materially profited by this discipline. It will save him

the trouble of getting by heart many an irksome defi-



PREFACE. xi

nition of technical words ; -which, when their derivation

is known, convey their own meaning at sight.

In the Etymological Introduction, a prominent posi-

tion has been given to the classification of the Mutes.

The distribution of the Nine Mutes into three classes

and three o?*ders, is a part of grammar usually passed

over without adequate attention by the learner, fromignorance of its great value. It is no less than the

chief foundation of the comparison of languages, as far

as etymological affinities are concerned. The student,

who duly appreciates the fundamental principle of the

interchangeability of mutes of the same class, will not

only perceive many apparent difficulties in Greek form-

ations and inflections disappear, but will find himself

in possession of a key to innumerable derivations of

words from one language into another. By virtue of

this important classification — due to the old gram-

marians— identity is incontrovertibly proved to subsist

in respect to words which have scarcely a letter in com-

mon. Hence the first care of the student, anxious to

trace the etymology of ancient and modern words,

should be to make himself master of this analysis of the

principal consonants. In the Parsing Lexicon he will

find derivations given, and affinities asserted, the au-

thenticity of which he may at first be disposed to

question ; but, on applying to them the principles

governing the mutations of letters, his doubts will

generally be cleared up.

The universality of this canon for the interchangeability



xii PREFACE.

of mutes of the same class is demonstrated, in the Intro-

duction, by the exhaustion of all the possible combina-

tions ; instances being given of the change of each one

of the labials, dentals, and gutturals, into the other two

mutes of its class. Among those eighteen combinations

or identities will be seen several interesting examples

of the disguises which a root may assume, in passing

from one language into another, without losing any of

the radical properties by which its Protean forms may

be compared and identified.

It is, however, to be observed that the etymological

relationship which certain English words evidently bear

to Greek words of the same signification is not always

the relation of offspring to parent. It is often only

that of collateral kindred, both words being children of

the common progenitor of a family of languages. Thus

there can be no rational doubt that the words father,

mother, daughter and brother, are the very words,, and, with their form alone

altered in accordance with the universal canon observed

in such changes. But it is not hence to be concluded

that the word father is derived from

,and mother

from

;the correct inference being only that they

are cognate or akin to one another. Some other re-

markable instances of collateral kinship, between words

in Greek and English, will be found in the Introduction

or dispersed in the Lexicon. And, as such words are

the names of notions which were necessarily among the

earliest conceived by all the tribes of mankind, the sub-



PREFACE. xiii

stantial identity of the Greek appellations with the

corresponding Teutonic terms, is a striking proof of the

common origin of the nations in whose languages such

affinities exist.

The number of Greek words deemed entitled to the

character of primitives varies with different etymologists;

and muchingenious conjecture has been exercised in

endeavouring to reduce their number to a minimum.

But even were a solution of this philological problem

effected, it would not be attended with much advantage

since words that, by the accumulation or complication

of additional component notions, have widely diverged

in signification from others to which they have a remote

affinity, must for practical purposes be considered roots.

In our vocabulary, all words prescriptively recognised

as primitives have been considered so ; but the curious

student, as he advances in knowledge, will doubtless

make some reduction in their number.

Many of the primitives occur in the New Testament

only in composition. In such cases the root is of course

found, in the extracts, only in a compound form ; but,

in the Lexicon, the root appears as well as the com-

pound. Many more are to be found in both the simple

and the compound form; but, whenever the word occurs

in its uncompounded form in any part of the Testament,

it appears in that form among the extracts ; in order to

its being brought more conspicuously before the learner

than it would be, if presented to him in the disguise of

a compound word. Had it not been for this considera-

b



xiv PREFACE.

tion, the extent of the extracts might have been still

further restricted, by the exclusion of verses which havebeen added to the selection solely for the purpose of

introducing, in their simple form, words which are in-

volved in compounds in other parts of the extracts-

The benefit of this arrangement outweighs any which

might arise from more closely abridging the quantity

of text ; which should be extensive enough to afford to

the reader the advantage of frequently meeting the

most common expressions, and of thus becoming ha-

bituated to the general formula of Greek style.

Besides the advantages of becoming acquainted with

ALL THE WORDS AND ALL THE STYLES OF THE NEW

Testament, and with the connection of the Greek

with the English Language, this book is submitted

as affording an easy method by which a knowledge of

the Greek Testament may be revived and kept up.

The student's attention is concentrated on the diffi-

culties ; and these are placed before him in a compact

form, with sufficient explanation to enable him to con-

quer them. To an adult, especially, who has but par-

tially forgotten his Greek Testament, this collection

offers a concise manual, the perusal of which will

speedily recall his lost power of examining the sacred

writings in the original; and the numerous and in-

creasing classes of persons who desire not to remain in

ignorance of the original of the Greek Testament, while

they are willing to content themselves with as muchGreek as will enable them to consult that volume with



PREFACE. xv

discrimination and advantage, are here furnished, in

the most compendious form, with an instrument, which,

accompanied by any Greek grammar, will enable them

speedily to accomplish that most desirable object.

It must not, however, be dissembled that the mere

beginner, in order to derive from these extracts the

power— which the diligent use of them will infallibly

confer— of reading the whole Greek Testament without

difficulty, must study them minutely and thoroughly.

Particularly he must be capable, 1. of referring every

word to its theme or root ; 2. of parsing every inflected

form, by tracing the successive steps ofits inflection

upto the uninflected form; and, 3. of shewing what rule

is violated in irregular formations. The student who

can do this may be assured, that he has laid a solid

foundation for his subsequent Greek reading; since the

Greek Testament Roots comprise the great majority

of the important primitives of the whole language.

Such as are not found among them either immediately

or involved in compounds, are generally words of un-

frequent occurrence. Having established this basis, he

will read profane authors with comparatively little dis-

couragement. He cannot, however, expect more from

this preparation than a general or fundamental know-

ledge of Greek ; since he would deceive himself if he

did not calculate on encountering in the Classics diffi-

culties peculiar to themselves, which will bend before

no other power than vigorous and long-continued ap-

plication.



xvi PREFACE.

The employment of the New Testament as an instru-

ment for the acquisition of its original language, and

particularly as a school-book, has sometimes been ob-

jected to as a desecration of Holy Writ. This objection

may perhaps apply with some force to the common

practice of putting schoolboys through a few chapters

of the easiest of the Gospels; less with the view of

giving them the power of reading the Sacred Scriptures

in the original, than of facilitating their introduction to

some profane author. But it can have little application

to a method of instruction having for its immediate and

direct aim the acquisition, on the part of the pupil, of

the words and phrases of the Greek Testament, with the

express object of qualifying himself to translate every

part of that volume with facility. To those, however,

who entertain a scruple on this point it may be sug-

gested that the youth who pores, in his studious hours,

over the sublime and pure maxims of Christian Ethics,

is not unlikely to imbibe a portion of their spirit.

Although at the time he attends chiefly to the language

and its construction, the subject-matter cannot wholly

escape his meditation ; and this early study of the

Sacred Volume may leave a permanent impression in

Jiis heart.

George Knox Gillespie.

London, May 1, 1858.



ETYMOLOGICAL INTRODUCTION.

Kules for Tracing Derivations

and Affinities.

In tracing the derivation of words, or the affinity of one

word to another, the following laws for the changes of

letters must be borne in mind ; whether (1.) both the

kindred words are Greek; or (2.) one is Greek, and the

other derived from that language into English.

I. It is a Universal Canon, (1.) in the comparison

of the words of the Greek or any other language with

one another; and (2.) in the derivation of the words of

one language from those of another, that mutes of the

same class are interchangeable, as being merely modifica-

tions or different modes of uttering a sound radically one

and the same. Hence a knowledge of the classification

of the mutes is a primary requisite in studying the deri-

vation of words.

The CLASS of a mute is determined by the organ of

speech principally instrumental in its enunciation. There

are three classes—the labials, dentals, and gutturals;

b 3



xviii RULES FOR TRACING DERIVATIONS

each consisting of three ORDERS, called smooth, interme-

diate and aspirate. The mutes are thus distributed :

Smooth. Intermediate. Aspirate.

Labials . . . w . , . . . .

Dentals . . . ... ...Gutturals . . . . . . . . . .

Hence in derivations

(1.) , b, and / j

(2.) t, d, and th > are often interchanged.

(3.) h} g, and ch )

1. Examples of the change of each of the labials

into the other two.

7 into b; as

^(wood) ; =& (Latin);

VTTo=s\ib (Latin),

into /or ; as =/ather ; 7ri5p=/ire;,7ro8o?=/bot: 6=seven ;"* wep=oveT.

into ; whenever would otherwise come before :

thus makes 3. sing. perf. pass,

.nto /or v; as=/ascinate; zia/StS=Da-

vid; vev=goveY.into 6; as <^pdTrjp^=bioUiex', ep=besL•r ; •=

airibo (Latin),

into /? ; as = purple.

2. Examples of the change of each of the DENTALS

into the other two.

into d; as , poet, for, before Be; tod (Ger-

man)=death.

into f ; as

p=mothe;Tpets=thxee.

* For the change of the aspirate into s, see note on 2 Pet. ii. 22.



AND AFFINITIES OF WORDS. xix

8 into t; as Bvoz=two; i/£a>p=wa/er; ,=/ooth.

into th ; as, poet, for ; tod (German)

= death,

into d; as 0?)/==daughter; 6vpa=doov ;

=good; 060?-= Deity.

into £; as 0iWo?=/unny; /a#apa=gui/ar.

3. Examples of the change of each of the GUTTURALS

into the other two.

into^; as /co\7ro?=^ulf ; €=$0;= ei^ht ; vu£, = ni^ht

;= vag

;

= guitar,

into

;as /ct»

= kirk or cAurcA; =anchor,

into # ; as=^;;=^\, £en.

into cA ; as-- (to milk)= milchen (German)

also whenever would otherwise come before

, thus makes l.aor. pass,

.into g ; as= gander,

into c ; as^= lance.

II, Law of Assimilation.

Part I. Of Mutes before Mutes or aspirated Vowels.

Whenever by eliding a final vowel, or in the forma-

tion of a word, a smooth mute is made to come before

an aspirated vowel or mute, the smooth is changed into

the aspirate of its class : as " (not ) for

. Both parts of the rule are exemplified in

&(not or'

)for

;the becoming before an aspirated vowel, and the

becoming before an aspirated mute.



xx RULES FOR TRACING DERIVATIONS

This rule is only a part of the following general pro-

perty of the mutes. When in the formation of a word two

mutes of different orders are made to come together, the first

mute assimilates its order to that of the second.

1. A smooth or intermediate mute is changed into an

aspirate before an aspirate. An application of this law

is constantly made in the formation of the First Aorist

Passive. That tense is formed from the third person

singular of the perfect passive, by changing rat into.The third person singular of the perfect passive of

is; and, according to the rule, the first aorist

would be

;but, by the foregoing general pro-

perty of the mutes, cannot come before 0, and

is therefore converted into. Similarly from

comes 3. sing. perf. pass., from which is

formed the 1. aorist, instead of or-; the intermediate mute 7 of the root thus becoming

successively the smooth and the aspirate of its class.

Similarly in Latin, o/-ficio is compounded of ob and

facio.

2. An intermediate or aspirate mute is changed into a

smooth before a smooth mute. This principle is illus-

trated by the formation of the third person singular of

the perfect passive, from the second singular of that

tense, by changing into rat. In the verbs

and, the second persons sing, of the perf. pass, are

(, that is) \e\e*yacu and(, that is) -,; and from these are formed the third persons

and

,not \\< or

.imilarly, in Latin, su/?-pono is compounded of sub and

pono.



AND AFFINITIES OF WORDS. xxi

3. A smooth mute is changed into an intermediate

beforean

intermediate ; as

,for

,.4. A remarkable exception to this law of the assimila-

tion of the order of a mute to that of the mute which

follows it, is that two aspirate mutes of the same class can-

not come together. If, therefore, the second mute is an

aspirate, and the first is of the same class, the first

becomes the corresponding smooth. As {labial)

-(not) for; (dental)

-not) for; (guttural)-'(not) for. The word (Mark

vii. 34), in which this principle seems to be violated, is

Syriac or Hebrew.

Part II. Of Mutes before .

1. A labial before is changed into ; as in the fol-

lowing examples;

7 into , as

,perf. pass,-*

. . . , . .

,perf. pass,

-'...}

. ., perf. pass,-.2. A guttural before is often changed into ; as

follows:

into 7, as, perf. pass. \€<-'

% ... ,. .

,perf. pass,

-.Part III. Of before Mutes.

1. before a labial is changed into , as follows:

Before 7, as-, from and'... , . . -, ... eV ...

'... </>,..

-,. . .

). . .

'... , . . -, ... iv ....



xxii RULES FOR TRACING DERIVATIONS

2. before a guttural is changed into 7 ; as fol-

lows :

Before a:, as-, from and'7, . . -, .

.

. . . . <yevo<;'

• • • %> • • eV-%P^, ... eV ...', . . iy-, ... ev ... fea>.

?' JF. O/IV &e/bre the liquids , -, />.

JV before another liquid is changed into that liquid,

thus :

before into , as\-\, from &'.. . . . , . .-, ... iv . ."

... . . . , . .

-,. . . . . /^.

"^* Observe,, that in all the applications of this Law

of Assimilation, it is the first letter that conforms itself to

the second, and not the second to the first.

III. Vowels.

Vowels are often changed, omitted or added, arbitra-

rily in derivation; and are, therefore, less to be regarded

in etymology than consonants, which have been appro-

priately called the stamina of words. The root or immu-

table part of a word consists chiefly of consonants. Even

vowels, however, are changed, preferably, into vowels

or diphthongs having an affinity to them. Thus e is

changed into or et ; into or ; a into or at

and, in the purely radical part of a word— that is, in

the part which is independent of initial or terminal

variations—vowels seldom suffer alteration; or, if they

do, it is by contraction, or crasis, on coming into colli-

sion with some other vowel.



AND AFFINITIES OF WORDS. xxiii

IV. Orthographical Equivalents.

In turning Greek letters into English or Latin, ob-

serve the following equalities:

1. at = ae or a3, as }4X<£a609= Alph#us.

2. =oe or ce, .. = Pha?bus.

3. et =e or z, .. = Laodicea ;-7 atSeia=Cyrop3ed2a.

4. oy =ii ore, .. = Jesws ; %\=Silvanus.

5. =?/, .. = Cyprus.

6. /c = c, . . = Ca?sar.

7. =rh, .,

'= Rhodes.

8. o? final= us, .. = Pontiws.

9. ov final = wm, .. = sudariwm.

To the equalities 1. and 2. it may be observed as an

exception, that the diphthongs <s and are gradually

disappearing from the English language; and that e is

often substituted for at and ot indiscriminately. Thus

udEgypt and (Economy (from and) are now

always spelt i^gypt and economy.*

* Some of the foregoing etymological and orthographical prin-

ciples are further developed and exemplified in The Formative

Greek Grammar, by G. K. Gillespie, A.M. London, Taylor and

Walton, 1842.



GREEK TESTAMENT ROOTS.

MATTHEW.

Chap. I.

18 -*

,\ .Chap. II.

1 "iv

,.-. 18. .] before that, similar to the Latin, prius—quam.

.'] The nominative case to this verb is, understood

from the genitive, Mapias, employed absolutely in the preceding

clause instead of the nominative. The more natural construc-

tion of the sentence would be :

, etc. .....'] This pronoun refers to Joseph and Mary, and is put

in the masculine, to agree with what grammarians call the more

worthy gender.

.]', an embryo or foetus, is understood as the

accusative or objective case after this active participle.

II. 1. '.] This is called the genitive absolute, that is, inde-

pendent of any governing word. The genitive absolute consists



2 GREEK TESTAMENT ROOTS.

2

'6\

,\ .18 ',

,

,^' ,tl .19

',,-

. Chap. III.

,\',

of a substantive and a participle, and is used for the purpose of

attaching some additional circumstance to the main sentence.

It corresponds with the Latin ablative absolute.

2.

.']This verb, usually translated " worship," does

not necessarily include the idea of deity in its object ; it usually

means to pay homage as to a king. The wise men came to do

homage to Him who was born King of the Jews.

18..] An Attic contraction of, feminine of the re-

ciprocal pronoun. It is to be carefully distinguished from

avrrjs, genitive of. See note on Matt. iii. 4.

19.

.]The use of the present tense in narrating past

events is common in the Greek, as in some modern languages.

Being accompanied in this sentence by the word " Behold," it is

very impressive, and tends to call up in the imagination a picture

of the angelic vision.

III. 4. ....] These words, which are distinguished

only by the breathing, are employed in very different senses.

The reciprocal pronoun, (for), is used when fche per-

son to whom the pronoun refers is the subject of the sentence

but is used where the verb has a subject or nominative



MATTHEW. 3

10" 8e ?

, -,, el?

.Chap. V.

4, ?• -.0

-'

.8 ' 4, ? ] 6? , ev, KCpaia) , €? .2 \

,6?

ase distinct from the person referred to by the pronoun. In

the sentence, "John had his raiment," is the Greek for

" his," since that pronoun refers to John, the subject of the verb

but in the sentence, " his meat was," etc., is the Greek for

his, since, the nominative case to the verb, is distinct from

the person referred to by the pronoun.

10, e«K07rrerat.] This verb is in the present tense, and the sense

of the passage is, that the process of hewing down and casting into

the fire is "now" going on. The version, "is hewn down," does

not vividly indicate the actual presence of the event. In this

Ninstance, as in numerous others, the precise force of the original

Greek is lost by a confusion of tenses arising from the want, in

English, of a present participle passive ; as the translator has no

other means of avoiding an incomplete or a periphrastic version,

than to employ the active present participle in a passive sense,

which is a mode of expression not sufficiently sanctioned by

usage; or to resort to such solecisms as "is being hewn down."

V. 18. .] A peculiarity of Greek syntax is that a

neuter plural nominative case requires its verb to be in the

singular. This rule is very seldom deviated from. An instance

of a plural verb occurs in James ii. 19,

.But

there,

,although neuter in form, in reality indicates per-

sons, and consequently has the verb in the plural.




, rrj'€7) ',

evoyps

'efcy,.

36 ev Trj} ,.€

€ ,' •,1 ev, viraye,44 '

'-

, ,, -, -.22. ei <}.] This word does not appear in the Vatican manu-

script. This remarkable omission materially alters the precept,which becomes, without qualification, " Whosoever is angry with

his brother shall be in danger"...

... eis•.] The dative case, which is put after in the

first two clauses of the verse, is here changed into an accusative

with a preposition. Some suppose to be understood,

the sense being, " shall be liable to be cast into hell fire."

39.

.]This may be taken either as neuter or mascu-

line. In the former case, the translation will be, "That ye resist

not evil"; in the latter, "That ye resist not the wickedperson."

41. -.~] The ayyapoi were Persian couriers, stationed

at successive posts along a road, to receive the king's despatches

from one another, and thus transmit them rapidly to their desti-

nation. They had the power of impressing horses and their

drivers to expedite their progress. This is one of the instances

in which a knowledge of Oriental customs throws light on pas-

sages of Scripture otherwise unintelligible.



MATTHEW. 5

Chap. VI.

27 -;28 ; -, '.

30

,, , 6, ,;

Chap. VII.

4. ; ', -', .13 ' -

,,\

-Chap. VIII.

6 ', 6

tyj ,.VI. 30. .] This word is, in the Attic dialect,,

hich is probably a contracted form for rfj. It is, how-

ever, sometimes used with the article, as, ea>s , unto

this day. Matt, xxvii. 8.

VII. 4.

.]This subjunctive is governed by

,under-

stood.

VIII. 6..] Literally, has been cast down, i.e. now lies;

5




26 Kou

?'eVre,

-;Tore

kou }' .0 ^.Chap. IX.

17 olvov

' , ol, \ 6?, \ ,8

, ,, ,'' ,*, \.

Chap.

.9 ?7

, ,14 ,,the perfect tense indicating an act of which the operation or effect

commenced at a past time and still continues.

30. .'] far, a long way; the accusative case feminine, of

the adjective being put adverbially, ohov being understood. The

full expression is , by a long way.

IX. 17..] Literally, they put, i.e. people put. This

Greek idiom is similar to the English " they say."

18.

.]is properly to end, ovfinish ; but it

is sometimes used absolutely for to die, in which case is un-

derstood. The expression is a species of euphemismus.



MATTHEW. 7

€?,. Chap. XI.

8 ; iv-? ; ,

,iv

€,16 yeveav ;

iv?,?,17 Kat, , \'

,€€.

21

,,

l iv \?v , iv.14. .] Shake the dust offyour feet: being go-

verned in the genitive by e< in composition with the verb.

XL 8. .] i.e. , soft garments. The ellipsis

of is frequent, especially with adjectives signifying colour.

So in English, clothed in white, etc.

16. .] Contracted for, genitive plural of the reci-

procal pronoun iavrov. See note on Matt. iii. 4. , as well

as the similar words, aeavrov and, are compounded of

,genitive

of

,and of

thecorresponding personal pro-

nouns. The syllables e, ae, and «/x, are not to be regarded as the

accusative cases of the personal pronouns, but as part of the old

genitive forms, eo, , and e/xe'o. This will be manifest by

observing the formation of the Ionic equivalents,,^,and€*, in which the connecting the two component parts

of each word is formed by the usual contraction of oa into .21. ... €€.] One of the uses of the particle av is to

give to an indicative mood joined with it the force of the po-

tential. In such cases av may be considered equivalent to the

English auxiliaries, would or would have, should or should have, etc.




23 at ,'kv

\, .Chap. XII.

20

,).40 *\ }\ '

6 ttj

\ .46 '

,,,.Chap. XIII.

15

' ,23. .] The Greek word, or, and the Hebrew

yeewa, are indiscriminately translated, Hell. But the origin of

?7? is the negative particle and ZSeii/, to see; and its meaning is

consequently a place of darkness—'"the Shades," a place of de-

parted spirits ; whereas Teeuva is more properly Hell, being (as is

evident from Matt. v. 22) a place of fire or torment.

XII. 20. ^.] This word is of peculiarly irregular forma-

tion. It is Attic for. In the Attic dialect it is common

to use the syllabic augment instead of the temporal : as,

for 777771/, from ; eadov, imperfect, from ; but, in,he e is prefixed to a tense (the first future) which never admits

either augment.

40.

.]Words denoting continued time, i.e. answering the

question, how long? are generally put in the accusative case

without a preposition.



MATTHEW. 9

\ , -,6-

, ,rrj

, \, \ .25 ,,.

30'

' \

' -XIII. 15. .] indicating the repetition of acts that

are always taking place, the Greek aorist is often used where the

present tense is employed in English. The force of the tense is

that the people habitually shut their ears and eyes against the

truth ; not that they did so on one occasion only.

(.] The composition of this verb, from and,exemplifies a portion of a general orthographical rule observed

with respect to r, when in composition it comes before a liquid,

namely, that it is changed into that liquid. As (),^or Karakeineiv

; () for; () for-

^; and ()

^for

..] Dative plural of , genitive. The formation of

this genitive may be thus traced : is a contracted form of, of which the genitive,, by omitting r, becomes,and (by shortening the diphthong in the usual manner, namely,

by omitting the latter of its vowels) oaos; the regular con-

traction of oa is , hence (resuming r of the regular genitive) we

havefinally

.25. iv €€(..~\ The Greek infinitive mood is very fre-

quently converted, by the use of the article, into what is called

in English a verbal substantive. Thus, is sleeping, i.e.

the act of sleeping. This substantive may, as here, be governed

by a preposition. At the same time, it does not lose its power

as a verb, taking an accusative or other case before or after it.

In the present passage the verb

^,taken in its capacity

of a verbal substantive, is governed by the preposition iv ; but,

as a verb, it takes before it the accusative case,.




, ., -'.35 -*'

.6 Tore

,* \,' .48 Hi',

,,

,

.5 6 ;, \, \, ,

;Chap. XIV.

11 ,' .30. .] This verb, taken as a substantive, is go-

verned bythe preposition 7rpoy; but, as a verb, it takes

theaccusative case,, after it.

48. .] i.e., the net spoken of in the preceding verse.

XIV. 11. .] it may seem uncouth that a neuter noun

should signify damsel; , feminine, a girl, is the original

word, and, neuter, its diminutive. Diminutives fre-

quently merge in the neuter the genders of their.primitives.

This change of gender is somewhat similar to the English," pretty little thing," applied to a child.



MATTHEW. 11

. XV.

8

' -, '.14 ' ,

av ), -

.6

';80 ,,,,,'

• .Chap. XVI.

2 , ' -,' 6.Chap. XVII.

1 ' 6', , \ -'.25

,/.

,6

,'XV. 16. .'] for ( being understood), at the

fulness of time, even now. means the point, summit, fullest

vigour, or highest degree, of anything.

XVI. 2. cvbia.] understand carat.

XVII. 1. avroi.'] his brother, i.e. the brother of James. Analteration in the breathing to

,would make John the bro-

ther of Jesus. See note on Matt. iii. 4




,

;, ; -, ;7 , -, ,m/3aj/ra

, ' -, .. XVIII.

6 ' * ) -€ , ,

)iv -.4 ,-

7 6

, , \. -, ' -.Chap. XIX.

4 , ' -XVIII. 6.^ Literally, it is good for him. In order to

complete the sense, which is, "it were letter for him,"

must be supplied. The ellipsis of is frequent both in

biblical and classical writers.

24. awaipeiv.] is understood. In ver. 23, that word is

expressed, -yov to take account with.



MATTHEW. 13

,otl ?,

;

17 - ayaOov, , 6', .4 be ,

,

,.Chap. XX.

3 ,]

.Chap. XXI.

44 Kat ,• * * ), -.

Chap. XXII.

24

', ' /,, -Chap. XXIII.

4 \-,'.XXII. 24.) ... avrov.] See rule for the different uses of

these words in note on Matt. iii. 4.




23 Oval ,

,,' € -, ,, \ ,' de ,4

', -, .6 ,, -\ .

Chap. XXIV.6 .€€€

,\

* ' €-* .7 , -

eVt' \

.).,

, »9

6 , -XXIV. 6. €€€ be axovetv.] ye will hear. The verb

\is generally equivalent to the English auxiliaries for the future,

shall, will, or am about to ; but it sometimes has the signification,

to delay or hesitate, as in Acts xxii. 16. The use, in Matt. xxiv. 6,

of the future tense (€€, which does not occur elsewhere in

the New Testament, seems to indicate a more remote period for

the fulfilment of the prophecy than where the present tense is

used, as in another prophetic passage, Rev. xii. 5. The two tenses

might perhaps be thus distinguished in the translation:

(-aere ..., ye shall hereafter hear of...; and (Rev. xii. 5),

..., is about forthwith to rule ...



MATTHEW. 15

,1 ev ' -, .Chap. XXV.

5

,.2' ,, .

Chap. XXVI.

18

, ' *,.41. .] That the two persons here spoken of are women, ap-

pears from the feminine

.Understand

',which

is expressed in ver. 40..] Lit. " is taken." The use of the present for

the future, in the prophetic style, has a similar effect to that of

the present for the past in narrative. It awakens and impresses

the imagination by presenting a picture to it. See note on Matt,

ii. 19.

XXV. 32.

^.] Attic for

.When the first future

ends in, the Attic future is formed by dropping and circum-

flexing . The tense thus formed is inflected like other futures

ending in , i. e. like the present tense of contracted verbs in, .

XXVI. 18. .] The sense is, He said, "Go to such

a one (naming him) and tell him," etc. The name being unim-

portant, the evangelist suppresses it, supplying its place by the

pronoun

,which is equivalent to the English phrase,

siich or such a person, and the French un tel.] In expressing an intention, the Greek present is some-




37 \

, -.51 , € ,, ' \,68

' ,,' ;Chap. XXVII.

24 6

. ,,€-

,'\ '.8 ,

.4 -

' , .48 e£, -, ,

, .times used for the future, as it is in English familiar discourse

in such sentences as, " I go to the country to-morrow."

51. .] "An ear," not "the ear." The student must not

suppose the Greek article to be always equivalent to the English

definite article. It is frequently to be translated by the indefinite

article. See note on Mark xv. 46.

XXVII. 24. €€.] The future indicative used in the sense

of the imperative.



MARK. 17

5 1

, -eh eW

*' .MARK.

Chap. .

7 ,'' 6-

.26

-, \ }, if;.Chap. II.

4

, '6?.Chap. III.

4

'';

,; .Chap..27 ,

51. els .] was rent in two, or in twain. Understandparts. The Greek idiom is here identical with the English.

II. 4..] See note on Matt. ii. 19.

C 3




'6

), ,28 ,/, ,2 ,

,\

, \ ?€ ,7 Kat '.

Chap. V.

35™ ,';

38 Kat

-\

, -. Chap. VI.

53' \.hap. VII.

2 -IV. 37..] See note on Acts xxvii. 14.

V. 35. ."] Understand Tives, and compare note on Matt.

ix. 17.

38..] Translate, the people weeping, etc. Compare

preceding note.



MARK. 19

, ,,., ,,

\.Chap. VIII.

8 , ' fjpav, .Chap. IX.

3 Kat , ,.4 6 ,

Chap. .24, * ,

VII. 4. .] i.e.£€, etc.

4. eav

,0.] Except they first wash, they

eat not. Observe the change of tense from the aorist to the

present, indicating the succession of the acts spoken of. Similarly,

in Acts x. 13, (f)aye, "kill and eat," i.e. first kill and then

eat. The Greek tenses are, in such instances, distinguished with

a propriety which it is impossible to transfer to the English

without giving undue prominency to the circumstance that the

acts are successive ;

which, in languages of less delicate structurethan the Greek, is considered as sufficiently indicated by the

order in which the verbs occur in the sentence.




' ,?

-,1 , -.42 ' ,, '

oi -.Chap. XI.

8 be

', \ .Chap. XII.

40 ,'-.Chap. XIII.

20 ,-

, .8 "

,,XIII. 20.

.]is here taken in the sense of any. A con-

struction exactly similar is to be found in Rom. iii. 20, ov-, no (i.e. not any) flesh shall be justified.



MARK. 21

35 '

,,,

.Chap. XIV.

3 Kal

,rrj

, ,,' ,5 Kai -,' .

20 ,', 6 -.

52 ,70

. ',.Chap. XV.

21, ,35..] Words denoting a point of time, that is, an-

swering to the question, when? are put in the genitive without a

preposition; compare note on Matt. xii. 40.

XIV. 15. €.] An Attic form for

,which is de-

rived from and yala.

70. ."] is understood.

XV. 21. ..] See note on Matt. v. 41.



22 GREEK TESTMIENT ROOTS.

'

kou', apy

.22 ! ', .29 !, , \ -

' ,6

,.6 ! , -, tyj' \ev €•€

eV!

.Chap. XVI.

1 ! ,/,, / , -, , -il nuT-nii

.46. ... }.] This verse affords several examples

of the close similarity between the Greek and English languages

in respect to the use of the definite article. The general rule is,

that where the English uses the indefinite article, no article is

used in Greek (hence there is no article with,,or) ; but where the English employs the definite

article, the Greek 6, , ,is used (hence it is used before

,, and). There are, however, many exceptions to

this rule. See note on Matt. xxvi. 51. The student desirous of

investigating this subject, which is of considerable interest in a

theological point of view, will find ample and condensed infor-

mation respecting it in a work by Mr. John Taylor, " On the

Power of the Greek Article."

XVI. 1.

.]is here understood. The word expressing

the relationship is frequently omitted, the article belonging to it

alone being expressed. As, ' [ ],



LUKE. 23

12 £ -v

.,,18 ' ,'.LUKE.

Chap. I.

15

'lvov ]' .

29 Se \from the sons of Emmor the [father] of Sychem, Acts vii. 16

;

where agrees with

,understood. Similarly,

'6

[ ]

,James the [son] of Zebedee ; being un-

derstood with 6. This is as if one were to say in English,

" Zebedee's James," to distinguish him from another James. In

the genealogy of our Saviour, Luke iii. 23—38, the ellipsis is to

be supplied as follows: 6 '' [][], etc.

18. .] for b\v. Similar contractions are frequent, as,

for \ epo\ ; KaKeWev for \ eKeWev; for

;or : the breathing and accent of the initial

vowel of the second word remaining over the contracted syllable,

and being subscribed when it has been suppressed in forming

the contraction..] In the formation of this word from a, not, and

,an additional is inserted in consequence of the ortho-

graphical law that does not occur in the middle of a wordunless preceded by p. For the same reason, the 1 aor. of

is fppavTiae.



24 GREEK TESTAMENT BOOTS.' € 6

.36 ,' ,€ iv ' $} .41 Rat '

iv

Trj

,''.47 Kat \.51 '€ iv ' -

, .73

€'

-, .Chap. II.

16 , avedpov

T6

, -iv

.21 Kat , -',

iv

.24

,. 36.], Attic for\\, perf. of \, the

obsolete form of. Similarly,' for from, and for€, from pea).

II. 21. ."] This infinitive is taken substantively

and governed by. See notes on Matt. xiii. 25, 30.

24.

) /.]This infinitive is governed by

,under-

stood. Compare preceding note.

(.] Attic. See note on Luke i. 36.



LUKE. 25

, ,-,

8, , .35 (').1 Kai

.Chap. III.

5 ,'\ .14' ,

;' , -' \

.17

, -/ ' \,.Chap. IV.

3 6

' .18 iw ,III. 5. €(.] / or is here understood. Compare

note on Matt. viii. 30.

17.

.]Attic for

.For the rule respecting

such chauges, see note on Matt. xxv. 32.

IV. 18. ear' *'/"•] i.e. eVri in r/ic.

D



26 GREEK TESTAMENT BOOTS.

' €,rods'

,, -, iv€.20 , -

), iv ]

.29 Kcu '' \, ,40 ,

,de ivl

,, .Chap. V.

4 ?

,ehre -

''

,.13 , ,/.] This accusative is governed by, as to or in,

understood. This ellipsis is of very frequent occurrence.

29.

.]Attic 2 aorist of

.In verbs beginning with a

vowel a species of change, called the Attic reduplication, is some-

times made, consisting of a repetition of the first two letters of

the verb before the common augment, as,, perfect middle,

from ; (,, pluperfect middle, from, obsolete

for '. But in the case of, the augment appears

before instead of after this reduplication.

40. 8.] The genitive absolute. See note on Matt. ii. 1.

V. 4. /.] he ceased speaking. This is a form of

expression common to the Greek and English. The full phrase



LUKE. 27

,.Chap. VI.

1 EyeVero iv

,^~.

17 ,- \ ,, -

, ,.21 -.4

^oval

'-

.29 € ,, ^.38 €, ,

\-

s, he ceased to be [emu] speaking. A similar idiom occurs in

Matt. xi. 1, ereXeatv, he ended or left off commanding.

VL 1.^] i.e. , lands sown with corn.

17. ;.] i.e. yrjs or. See note on Luke iii. 5.

24..] Ye are in possession of all your consolation. The

verb means to receive in full.

38. .'] This verb is here taken impersonally, as is

also€€, at the end of the verse.




yap

, .Chap. V1T.

14 , (pi,) \-

,.4

,-;0

,\

,37 Kat, , -, .38 Kat

,,'' \ --.] See note on Matt. ix. 17.

VII. 38. \.] The formation of the cases of,, is

peculiar ; but may be accounted for by supposing the original

nominative case to have been

.(1) In combining to

form the double letter , the aspiration of the guttural, becoming

lost, is transferred to the initial dental, and the word is thus

changed into . (2) When—in order to form the genitive

case in the usual manner, i. e. by inserting before the final of

the nominative is decomposed, the original aspiration is re-

transferred from the initial letter to the guttural, and we have

the genitive

.(3) When again, in the dative plural, and

s are amalgamated into' , the initial aspirate reappears in.A similar change takes place in forming the future (for



LUKE. 29

, ,,41 ' 6, 6 -.Chap. VIII.

6

,, .4 ,,, ,9 -? -*

,. Chap. IX.

3 ',--) from

.It appears from these changes that the

double letters, £ and , ought not to be considered as combina-

tions of the aspirate mutes (, ) with s ; but only of the smooth

and intermediate mutes (, y ; , ) with $•. It may also be ob-

served that the principle of transferring, to an initial mute, an

aspiration lost in inflexion or composition, is illustrated in the

formation of the comparative, from ; and the com-

pound

,from and.

VIII. 29. ideo-pciTo ....] The imperfect tense frequently

indicates repetition or habit. The meaning is, he used to be bound

and then to escape, or, to escape as often as he was bound.

D 3




, , , ,.39 K.GU , ,, \, *,.45

,,- \.58 6'

6

.62 Et7re 6•, -, -. Chap. .

3 '* ,.29 , ,

;4 ^), ,, \ .

IX. 3. '/.] The infinitive mood is here taken in the sense ofan imperative ; or the sentence may be considered as elliptical,

del v(xas being understood.



LUKE. 31

41'? avrrj 6 ?•

,,?€\

. Chap. XI.

10 ? 6 ' 6

'.

;

29 ', \ ,

.4

? ?6

-' 6? ? ,? , .5 ? ,

?.XI. 12. >.] From comes the Latin o(v)um, an egg, by in-

serting the digamma, a letter used in the iEolic dialect to prevent

the hiatus of two vowels, and having the force of F, V or "W.

A reference to it is useful in tracing the derivation of many

words from the Greek; as it appears to have been of old an

element in a variety of words from which it has disappeared. Afew examples will illustrate the power of the letter. From,an ox, genitive Boos or Bo(F)6s, comes the Latin Bos, genitive

Bowis ; from olvos or (f)oivos, comes the Latin vinum, and the

English vine and wine; from \e1os or .(), smooth, comes the

Latin leuis. The digamma was also often substituted for the

aspiration : thus, eanepos became (f)eanepos, whence, vespers.

.]In interrogative sentences, is often used merely as

anote of interrogation, at the beginning of the question, like the

English, "whether."




38

?otl

.Chap. XII.

6

,;

24

,otl -, ? ,6? •;

9 Kat ?

,.

4' ?',' .59 , ,\ .Chap. XIII.

xi ,6 , -?,

38.

]washed himself. The first aorist passive is

used more frequently in a middle sense than any other of the

tenses that are considered as exclusively passive forms.

XII. 59. .] until what time, that is, until the time when,

being understood. This suppression of being common,

may be said to be taken adverbially, in the sense of when. But

the adverb more generally signifies where, the wordbeing then understood ; and being in reality the genitive of

the relative pronoun.



LUKE. 33-; ',,, .

9 * ,,

, .29 ,'iv ) .

34,',, -, -, ;

Chap. XIV.

3 6, !; .XIII. 8.

.]is understood here. See preceding note,

is the Attic genitive for, from. In the dative

case, the Attic dialect frequently uses for.29. .] See note on ch. vi. 38.

34. .] thee. The reciprocal pronoun, contracted

), is sometimes, in the Attic dialect, used indifferently for all

persons, particularly in the plural. See Luke xxi. 34.

/.] Understand or

\In what manner, or, in the

manner in which.

XIV. 3. ei.] This word is here used merely as a note of inter-




9 at 6

?, epel

• ?al-

? .2 'EAeye /? , ??, ??, ? -

? , ??•, \ -

. Chap. XV.

? ? , -

, ,?, ? ;

9 Kat ?? \??,• ,.

5

?? ?'el?

?? ?.25 > 6 ? 6? ['' ?? ,

}? .Chap. XVI.

6 ?.rogation. The full sentence would be, "Tell me if," etc. Compare

note on, Luke xi. 12.

XV. 8. otov.] See note on ch. xiii. 8.

25.

.]Verbs of sensation often govern a ge-

nitive of the object of perception.



LUKE. 35

'

,\,

,.

9',

\-,.1 Kcu -

-' \.23 at, ,24 - ','

.26

,, ,XVI. 23. eVapas.] 1 aorist participle, from. In liquid

verbs, of which the penultimate syllable is ai, the which is

dropped in the formation of the first future in , is sometimes

subscribed in the first aorist ; as,, 1 aorist rjpa or rjpa, and

this restored t is preserved through the moods and participle.

This subscription of is more common when the penultimate is,

by the Attic formation, changed from into ; as,

/,1 aorist

(, Attic Or^.24. .] governed by eVi, understood.




Chap. XVII.

12 eiV

,,.7 6, ;24

,,6 iv \.36 iv ay' •, 6 .

Chap.

.12 ,2'

6, 'Er*.

% ^ ,

,,ev

•* , .43 , 9.

Chap. XIX.

16 6, ,.XVII. 24. ... .~\ i.e. [] ... , from

region of heaven to another.

XVIII. 12.

.]For the syntax of this genitive, see note

on Mark xiii. 35.



LUKE. 37

33

,* ;43" , --, .Chap. XX.

37 ,•, ,, , \'.

Chap. XXL34 ,, \ }, -, ^'

Chap. XXII.

24 'EyeVero , ,.1 EiVe 6',,, 6,.XXI. 34. .] See note on Luke xiii. 34.

XXII. 24. tls- -^.--.'] The Greek neuter

article is not only used to convert a verb into a substantive, as

already remarked in note on Matt. xiii. 25, but is also prefixed

when a whole clause is to be taken as equivalent to a sub-

stantive.

31. .] for the purpose of sifting. This is a commonuse of the infinitive mood with the genitive of the article, eW/<a




6 & ,

),

35 - Ore

are, , \,.4

:ay&Wa,• 6

.55 ,, 6.

Chap. XXIII.

29 , ', -, ), .being understood. So Matt. xi. 1, , he de-

parted/or the purpose of teaching. The article, however, is not

always used. See Acts xiii. 44.

32. ."] Here the active verb,, is taken in

the middle or neuter sense. This use of the word is frequent in

the New Testament. Compare Mark xiii. 16. Similarly, in Acts

vii. 42, is used instead of

.In like manner

the Latin verto, and the English "to turn," are used as both

active and neuter verbs., .~] The participle of the aorist, like

the pluperfect tense, frequently denotes an action which took

place previously to another; as, ,fter having entered into a ship he passed over; and it also, unlike

the pluperfect, often denotes an action which is to take placepreviously to some other.

,here, is an illustration

of the latter use of the aorist.

I



JOHN. 39

30 Tore

)' • .31 raDra

,8 , ,.hap. XXIV.

I Trj , ,, .II

, .42 ,.JOHN.

Chap. I.

29 ?7 6, \' 6

6

.XXIV. 1. -; .] for : on the first day

[] after [] the sabbath. The word is used

both in the singular and plural number to signify the sabbath

day. In the singular, it is of the second declension ; but in the

plural, of the third, making the dative,. See Matt. xii. 5.

.] the women came. The gender appears from

.I. 29. ;.] i.e. rfj .. See notes on Matt. vi. 30, and

Luke xxiv. 1.




Chap. II.

9 de 6

', (/cai

de ')6.

5 ,epoD,

' \ efe^ee

, \ .Chap. III.

4 6' -

;-, ;0 ? 6 ,\ ,

} .Chap..9 '-, ,

;

'.

4 '

, ) -IV. 14. .] This word is in the genitive by what is called

attraction, which is when the relative, instead of agreeing with

the antecedent as usual in gender and number only, agrees with

it also in case. The English student would expect 6, the ob-

ctive case, after.



JOHN. 41

,52 ' '6.

Chap. 7.

14 6 iv

, \ - , '.Chap. VI.

13

,-

, .3 ,, .

Chap. VII.

7 ; 6 ', ,.32 '

-52. 6<?.] was better ; literally, had himself better, eavrov being

understood. ", with an adverb, is thus constantly used in the

sense of to be : as, , to be ill, to be badly off. This

idiom resembles the Latin se habere, and the French se porter.

VI. 13. e

-.'] filled with the fragments. Verbs

filling are accompanied by a genitive of the material with

which the thing spoken of is filled. Like the Latin implentur

Bacchi. See note on Acts xxvii. 38.

3




'

,-

. Chap. VIII.

4 %,.1

iv , iv

',.Chap. IX.

6

, ,,

-• .Chap. .3 ,, 4€.20'' ;

Chap. XI.

33 , ,-, ,

.3.

.]here governs a genitive of the person. See

notes on Luke xv. 25, and Acts i. 4.

20. .] for , on account of what? i.e. why?



JOHN. 43

41 'Hpav , 6

. 'ype

, ' , -.44 6,

6

', .Chap. XII.

13" ,' , 4-,

,iv

,.Chap. XIII.

18 '* }',.

24

€ Aeye*.

26' 6

''XI. 44. .] bound as to his feet, i. e. having his feet bound.

There is an ellipsis of, as to. This idiom is common, and

has been imitated by the Latin poets.

XII. 13. els .] Substantives and other words

derived from verbs, frequently govern the cases which the verbs

themselves govern. Thus, the dative,

,is here governed by

the substantive -Ls, since the verb

,from which

it is derived, governs a dative.



44 GREEK TESTAMENT KOOTS.

eyco^?

.at

, ).Chap. XIV.

18 •Chap. XVI.

25 iv

€ en iv,.Chap. XVII.

11 iv

,v , .XIII. 26. .] This word is used twice in this verse ; the

time indicated in the first instance being the future, " when I

shall have dipped it"; and the time in the second, the past, "after

he had dipped it." Compare note on Luke xxii. 32. This varia-

tion of the time indicated by the aorist participle, according to

the tense of the verb which accompanies it, justifies the name

aorist (from, indefinite). The aorist is also indefinite in

another sense, being often used to signify actions that are always

taking place, or sentiments which are always true, and which

consequently require no limitation in point of time. For an

example, see note on Matt.xiii. 15.

'.] The present tense in narration presents a picture to

the reader. See note on Matt. ii. 19. It is to be regretted that

this graphic force of the original is not preserved in the Au-

thorised Version.

.] Supply after this word. Compare note on

Mark xvi. 1.

XVI.25.

.']This should not be considered as an

adverb, but as the dative case of a substantive with the preposi-

tion iv, with, understood.



JOHN. 45

!

J , ? ,, .Chap. XVIII.

12 6 ,13 ?'

,Chap. XIX.

2

, ),4' 6, \?' , ,

ev

.3 ,, [, ,}* 6 ,33

,XIX. 23. .'] Supply, or some such word, " from

the parts above."

33. .] e is the Attic augment. Compare note on Matt,

xii. 20.




34 €

, / \.39 #€ ()

e .

Chap. XX.

7, , .€ eva.

25

' 'ehrev

',,,

.Chap. XXI.

257 \6 , iav ev,

. '.34. .] Two singular nominative cases

sometimes have a verb singular ; whereas, in English, the verb is

invariably plural. The expression is, however, elliptical ;

being understood again with.39. .] The aorist is here used as a pluperfect, who had

come. Compare note on ch. xiii. 26.

.] See note on Mark xiii. 35.



ACTS.

Chap. I.

3 , iv ,\ Oeov,

4 , -,13 €, € -,, , \

, ,\

,,'-, 6,.

18

' -€,.. 3. .] See note on Matt. xiii. 25.

.] Understand or

,"speaking the words or

things respecting," etc.

4. .] See note on John x. 3. Here governs an accusa-

tive of the object, with a genitive of the person from whom it

is heard. This is the most usual construction of.13. , re.] The article 6, followed by the enclitic re, which throws

back an acute accent upon 6, is separated from the enclitic

by a comma, in order the better to distinguish the words from

the single word ore, when.

'... .] Supply after

,nd after. See note on Mark xvi. 1.




Chap. II.

13f

.46 #' -,,

. Chap. III.

7 Kat* .1 /3

,) ) }-,.Chap..

25 ,*\ , -34 ',hap. VI.

14' ,

II. 13. ykevKovs.] See note on John vi. 13.

46. *

]for naff .

VI. 14.

.~\This word is an instance of what is called

the Attic reduplication, which is the repetition, before the ordinary

:



ACTS. 49

.Chap. VII.

6' 'yfj

,-.7 Kat , ,6' ,.

1 6 els*

,v -.0 "^,, iv.23

augment, of the first two letters of a verb beginning with a

vowel.

VII. 16. .] The genitive of the price is always governed by

aurl, understood or expressed.

.] Supply after.20. .] In 2 Cor. . 4, is rendered

"mighty through God" ; and as is a similarly con-

structed phrase, it might be rendered fair through God. The

phrase is, however, usually regarded as equivalent to " exceeding

fair"; and in the same manner might not im-

properly be rendered very

{t mighty."Some produce

instances

to shew that is a Hebraism signifying divinely

" fair."



50 GREEK TESTAMENT EOOTS., )

-'

,• .4 ,,,0 at

iv

.36 ,\ iv , iv, \ iv , .2

'6 ,

'v

,iv , ;

4 ,

,. Chap. IX.

5 - ,;23.

.]it came into his heart. This verb may be con-

sidered as impersonal ; or as having the verb,

,as its

nominative case ; or

, the thought, may be understood,

the thought came into his mind to ...

42. eVrpev/z-e.] See note on Luke xxii. 32.

.] The Attic sometimes makes the vocative the same as

the nominative, in cases where it differs in the common dialect.

Another example is, 6 Qeos, Qeos, eis € eyxciTeXnres,

"My God, my God, why hast Thou forsaken Me." Not always,

see ch. ix. 5.



ACTS. 51

/ \' '

., ,-\, ,8

,-.

3 ***\ .

Chap. .

28

' ' *,- 6 ,.

Chap. XII.

6 Ore 6

,IX. 43. .] Accusative of time, quamdiu, i.e. answering to

the question, how long? See note on Matt. xii. 40. is here

equivalent to the French, chez.

X. 28. .'] The student must not confound this verb

with the compounds of. It is derived from, to know, of

which the middle or passive,{), inserts r for the purpose

of giving firmness to the enunciation of the word. He will

always be able to distinguish between this word and the com-

pound of' with eVi, by recollecting that in consequence of

the aspirated vowel of

,the of eVi becomes , and the

compound,(- ; whereas the remains unaltered in com-

pounding itr\ with'{) into.



52 GREEK TESTAMENT ROOTS., , -€

.6 ,

'', .10 -

,eiri

,toXlv,*6 ,

22

',

. Chap. XIII.

10, , -,;1 Kat , -,' -.4 .

46 ? --XII. 10. .] Understand before this word.

XIII. 44.. See note on Luke xxii. 31.



ACTS. 5

', ?, 18, el? .50

\ , \,

,Chap. XIV.

10 ' y

. , -.16 Oy ] .1 7 / € ,,

.Chap. XV.

20'

,\

, , .9' ,\'-'.

XIV. 16. etWe.] example of the change of e in augmenta-

tion into et instead of . Other verbs which admit this species

of augment are,,, ',, and a few more.

17. .] See note on John vi. 13.

F 3



64 GREEK TESTAMENT BOOTS.

Chap. XVI.

16

-, -, ,plots,.

63

?,'-, -.

29 ,,,-, \

.Chap. XIX.

12 --, '

,^^

Chap. XX.

9 , *-, , ,, -

,- ).11 , -, ,.XVI. 26.

.]An example of the Attic double aug-

mentation, the syllabic augment being prefixed in addition to

the temporal.



ACTS. 55

Chap. XXI.

18 T17 6

?e -.0 ,'

, '.Chap. XXII.^ ,,,;4 6

,, -. Chap. XXIII.

20 EtVe ', --

XXI. 18. imovarj.'] Supply. Compare notes on Matthew

vi. 30, Luke xxiv. 1, and John i. 29.

30. €>.] See note on ch. xiv. 16.

XXIII. 20.

.']for the purpose of asking. See note

on Luke xxii. 31.

?/?.] The Attic reduplication. See note on ch. vi. 14.




Chap. XXIV.

16 *> de ,€ -.Chap. XXV.

17

,, rrj

, .Chap. XXVI.

22

,XXIV. 16. .] Supply, I exercise myself. The active

voice is here used in the sense of the middle. See note on Luke

xxii. 32.

/?.] adverb, always. It is really an elliptical expression

for , through all time.

XXV. 17.

.]hither, from ', here, and de, which in this

case is an enclitic particle, indicating motion to. This use of ,as an enclitic, is common among the poets ; as,, to war;, to Olympus. On the contrary, the particle or,also an enclitic, is used to signify motion from a place, in a great

number of instances ; as,, or , from afar;, from heaven; (from ), hence, etc. The

change of the aspirate mute of into r, in the last compound

(),is remarkable as illustrating two orthographical prin-

ciples:—1. That two consecutive syllables in the same word

rarely begin with aspirates, and never with aspirate mutes of the

same class, i.e. labials, dentals, or gutturals ; and, 2. That in cases

where such syllables are brought into connexion, the initial

mute of the first of the two, and not of the second, changes

its order from aspirate to smooth, i. e. from to , from to ,

or from to .ttj .'] i.e. rfj. See note on ch. xxi. 18, and the notes

there referred to.



ACTS. 57,, ,,. XXVII.

10 ' '

,,

, ,.12 '

, ,-^.13 ,, -

.4

,6 .

8 , -XXVII. 12. Ka.KeWev.'] See note on Mark xvi. 18.

13. apavres.] i. e., having lifted or weighed anchor.

Others understand, vavp.

14. e/3aXe.] struck itself (eavrov) against it. It may be observed,

in general, that when active verbs are used in a neuter or middle

sense, the reciprocal pronoun, iavrbv, is understood.

.] Some consider the pronoun as referring to in

the preceding verse. Others refer it to vavv, understood there

after apavres. The sentence might be rendered a tempestuous

wind struck against her, i.e. against the ship. It is however to be

observed that, throughout the chapter, the ship is called

,except in ver. 41, where it is called.




Se, ,vpov

.8

, #-.40

,-

,1 ,,3 , ,,-~ %

44 Kat

, ,38. .'] See note on John vi. 13, and Acts ii. 13. In all

these cases the preposition, in, is understood before the genitive.

40. .] After this word supply, or to, They

committed themselves, or the ship, to the sea. The words, to,are also to be understood in this verse after. Others,

after ', understand, taken from the preceding clause.

The interpretation, according tothis

view, wouldbe, "

Havingcut off the anchors, they let them fall into the sea."

).] Supply avpq.

41.,] having fixed itself[, understood], i.e. stuck

fast

43..] Supply.44. ? ... .] In distributive sentences, , followed

by , signifies, some ... others. See Matt. xiii. 23, where 6 ...6 , is used in a similar manner.

.] i. e. [] some of the [parts] of the ship.



ACTS. 59'.

Chap. XXVIII.

2 ,-,

, ., , .6 -

., \

,.9 ,, \.XVIII. 2..] is to happen. Hence the par-

ticiple,, is any that has happened or may happen, i. e. such as

is commonly found; thus, , comes to

signify, no common, or no little kindness.

.'] Att. for

.In a few perfects from verbs

in

,the

penultimate vowel is sometimes shortened byrestoring the vowel of the root, which has been lengthened to

form the perfect, and is dropped : as, for,-for. The participle,-, from this contracted perfect

is still further contracted in the Attic dialect, and converted into, which is declined, -$•, -, -, not -, -via, -6. The

neuter is, not, since by the laws of contraction the

neuter becomes ; but the feminine is not only con-

tracted, but the form of declension is changed. This Attic

feminine occurs in John viii. 9.




:

23

,, -,,,ROMANS.

Chap. I.

29 ,,,

.' ,,,-0,,,,-,,^/as*, ,.Chap. II.

1 , 6,' 6.Chap. III.

13 6

23. .] See note on Acts i. 3.

III. 13. di/ea>y/xei>os•.] The Attic double augment. See note on

John xix. 33, and compare note on Acts vi. 14. The tendency

in the Attic dialect to increase the length of vowels and to

introduce a new syllable, in the augmented tenses of verbs

beginning with a vowel, is one of its most characteristic features.

The augment is sometimes even tripled, as in the case of



EOMANS. 61

.14 / .Chap. V.

/ ^ '-. Chap. VIII.

8 ,.Chap. IX.

20

,,6

-; . ^;

27' *fj

6, .Chap. XI.

• 4 6 ;,

,3. 1 aor. p. of. Another instance of double

augmentation is j^eXXe, 3 sing, imperf. of.ebo\iovaav."\ 3 plur. imperf. of, Boeotic for edokiovv. So

for.XI. 4. Tjj .] i. e. to the image [eiVovi] of Baal. This ex-

pressioD resembles the phrases, eis a8ov, ', i.e. ds

,iv ; and the Latin, ad Veneris, i. e. To Venus's

(temple). , however, is sometimes feminine in the Septua-

gint.

G




9 Kat

*els•

,els*

,/cat els

, els avTOis.

10 ,Laavos.

7 TLves ,aypL&atos ,^ ,rfs? ttjs lottos ttjs$.

33 fiaOos oas ves' cos ,.Chap. XII.

20 > 6$ ,* , ya/

,avOpaKas pos -.

. CORINTHIANS.

Chap. III.

19 ,- -ovos$$

\

.10. .] See note on Luke xxii. 31.



I. CORINTHIANS. 63

Chap. IV.

8'

. ,,

-• .3 , -,

Chap. VII.

5 ?) , -

'.35' , -

.Chap. VIII.

10 * , ,6, ,;

13

, ,.hap. IX.

9 /

,*

II. 5..] The word,,from a, not, and,mixture, is primitively applied to a bad temperature of the air, and




..

;17 , •, .6 , *.

Chap. XI.

6 Et , -',.5 , ;}.

Chap. XII.

17 , ;Et , ;

28 . , 6

,,,opposed to, a good temperature. Hence and

are also used to express a happy mixture or temperament

of the body, or the reverse ; but in this passage, is used in

the sense of

,incontinence, intemperance. When taken in

this sense, ought to be considered as a derivative of

, incontinent, rather than of,.IX. 9. .] This genitive is governed by \, understood.

17. .] I have been intrusted [with] the

stewardship, I have the stewardship committed to me ; for -. This is not an unusual construction of the

passive voice. Another instance of it occurs in Rom. iii. 2.

XII. 28. .] See note on Acts xxvii. 44. The correspond-

ing ovs 6e is here omitted.



I. CORINTHIANS. C5,,, -. Chap. XIII.

1 >, ,, .,*,Chap. XIV.

7 , ,

,, -;

30 / , 6.Chap. XV.

15• ,,1 #' ,

XIV. 7. .] seems here to be used in the sense of, a contracted form of in like wise or similarly.

.] i.e., instruments.

XV. 15. eintp apa.] The force of these particles is, if («) at

least (nep) for argument's sake, or forsooth (apa).

31 .] This particle is used in affirmative adjurations;

,in

negative (but sometimes in affirmative) oaths. Both are fol-

lowed by an accusative case. The word, (or

.3




,33

. *.II. CORINTHIANS.

Chap. .14 8 , -,

ev

.1 7 yap, ,, ' ,, iv.Chap. III.

15 ''

,, .or the like), is generally expressed with them. It is here under-

stood.

33..] For. by the usual paragoge. The

words,

\6 \&\ \,

form a trimeter or Senarian Iambic verse, a quotation from the

comic poet Menander. Others read, which reduces the

verse to prose, and it then ceases to be a direct citation.

'] for. After the apocope of a, the coming

before the aspirated vowel o, in the next word, becomes the

aspirate of its class (dentals). This is a consequence of a very

general law for the assimilation of the order of a mute to that

of the letter coming after it. Compare note on Acts xxv. 17.



II. CORINTHIANS. 67

16' ' ,.Chap. IV.

17

^' el? ,

.Chap. V.

2 , -.Chap. VI.

7 '

, ,.Chap. VII.

7

,y ) ,,'.III. 16. ].] See note on Luke xxii. 32.

IV. 17. /.] It is an ordinary idiom in Greek

to use adverbs of time, instead of adjectives, with substantives;

as, 6 , the now king; ol rare", the then Greeks.

So here (the adjective being taken substantively) the

phrase, /, means the momentary lightness.

'

€els /.] In excess to excess, i.e. immeasu-

rably surpassing all expression, a phrase indicative of the incon-

ceivable vastness of eternity.




Chap. VIII.

20

, -v rfj ravrrj.

Chap. IX.

2 ,,'-*^ .Chap. .

29

7€-

, --,.Chap. XI.

2, •evl, \

.'

? , ,, .5 , , \, iv .. 4.

, .] See note on Acts vii. 20.

XI. 26. .] Understand e/xoC, i. e. by my countrymen.



II. CORINTHIANS. 69

26'?*? -,?,? ,? ,? ,?v,? iv,? iv?'

27 , ?-?, iv \, iv

??,

iv .3 ? iv

?, ??.Chap. XII.

4 el? ,-, -.7, ,

?, ,-

.5/ -27.] From a, not, and, the letters being

euphonies gratia, to prevent the hiatus in.XII. 4. e£oi/.] Participle neuter, from the impersonal verb

etjearL, it is lawful or permissible. To make the sentence com-plete, eVri should be understood, but the word i£6v is often put

absolutely in the sense of when it is lafvful. This is sometimes

called the nominative or accusative absolute.

15. .] Superlative adverb. The comparative and super-

lative of adverbs derived from adjectives is generally the neuter

of the corresponding degree of the adjective. Sometimes the

neuter singular is used, sometimes the neuter plural ; as

,comparative (the neuter singular of the adjective), super-

lative (the neuter plural of the adjective).




\•

, .GALATIANS.

Chap..

23 6, ,.1

Chap. II,

5

9 ,.9 Kat ,',

,' ,. Chap. III.

1

,;

'^, -. ,', ''-

;

II. 9. 17/ieTy.] Supply

.



GALATIANS.— EPHESIANS. 71

Chap. V.

9

, .13 yap €,-' €, .5 Et € €€,

,.

Chap. VI.

7 - *ap , .

6 ,eVi

.EPHESIANS.

Chap. .

14 icrTiv ,€ ,Chap. IV.

14e

\va

,V. 13. .] After supply.VI. 7. ...6/.] Like , 4, when used with the subjunctive

(as here), and preceded by the relative pronoun 6s, signifies

-soever. At the beginning of a sentence, iav generally means if;

or, if followed by,except. On the force of av, when used with

the indicative, see note on Matt. xi. 21.

16. .] Understand earai.



72 GREEK TESTAMENT ROOTS.,v ]

,iv

.9 ,) iv.

Chap. .6 ^? '.3 ,

,' , £.

27 ) ,, ,) .

Chap. VI.

14

iv,.6

,iv

.6 €€ e/xe,, 6

iv.VI. 21. .] Supply npayaara. See note, Acts i. 3.

,



PHILIPPIANS. 73

PHILIPPIANS.

Chap. I.

22 , ?, , .8

? ?, ?,.Chap. .

10' iv

-Chap. III.

1 , , •, ,

?.8

?? -̂,

.Chap. IV.

8 ,, ,, , , -I. 22. 6 .] Supply ). If to live in the flesh fall to

my lot. Also after supply eVrcu.

III. 1. .] by itself is he; but with the article,

6 is the same.




, , ei -,

.0

' , ', .

COLOSSIAXS.

Chap. .

23 -?

,--.

IV. 8. .] The original signification —from ",Mars, or

,a male—was martial or manly prowess, the power

of defending the existence of the community being regarded as

the primary virtue, as virtue, . This idea is also con-

veyed in the derivation of, better, and, best, from

the same root,". The derivation of the Latin virtus, from

vir, a man, is precisely similar. Subsequently, the words

and virtus comprehended all the virtues; but, in the classical

writers, they still usually preserved their primitive force.

Hence, in the summary of Christian qualities given in the text,

is evidently used by the apostle to express the active or

militant virtues, as distinguished from the negative ones enu-

merated in the earlier part of the verse.

10. .,..] This substantive-infinitive is governed by

understood. Compare notes on Matt. xiii. 25, and Luke xxii. 31.

I. 23. eX ye] if at least.

.] The relative is in the genitive by attraction.

See note on John iv. 14.



COLOSSIANS. 75

Chap. II.

21 ?; a\jsr],

], ).Chap. III.

1 ' ,-',' -,

'2^ ,

ayioi , ,»,, -.5

'.?, -, .6* ) -\,

.Chap..

6 ,

,-

.0 6-III. 11. evi] for eveart.

16.] rjre, in order that ye may he, or some such

words, are wanting here to complete the sense.

IV. 6.

.] Understand

.elbevat] in order that ye may know. Compare note on Luke

xxii. 31.




, 6

,,.I. THESSALONIANS.

Chap. II.

2 \ ,, -lov kv

.5

€kv

-, ' -, .' ,) •8

, , -,, ,.Chap. .

6'

,.10..] Genitive of. Scriptural proper names

in as form the genitive by dropping s. In the other cases they

are inflected regularly.

V. 6.

"ovv.] These words taken together mean therefore, or

therefore at length, or to conclude.



II. THESSALONIANS.— I. TIMOTHY. 77

II. THESSALONIANS.

CflAP. I.

9 , ,I. TIMOTHY.

Chap. II.

2

,iv-

° \ -iv) .\,, ) -,

",., ,, -.

2 ,.II. 12. avdevrelvJ] The Word (from avros

and ) originally signified a murderer, and particularly one

who lays violent hands on himself, a suicide. It also meant one

acting by his own independent power, an autocrat, an originator.

Hence comes to signify, to exercise irresponsible power,

5




Chap. III.

3 M?7

, , -,,.).

Chap. IV.

7* .Chap. V.

4

,-,.6 , .3

,,* '

,.or tyrannize, over. Some make it equivalent to, to

exercise authority over; but it is here, probably, a much more

emphatic word, and more nearly represented by the English

domineer.

Y. 4. .] Descendants. In the Authorised Version, the word

''nephews" is to be taken in its old sense of posterity more remote

than children, and is equivalent to the Latin nepotes.

.'] The substantive is used to signify, n(

only the veneration due to the Deity, but, secondarily, tl

reverential or pious fulfilment of duty, particularly towarc

parents. In this passage the verb,

,is taken in the lattei

of those acceptations. A similar subordination of signification is

traceable in the Latin pius, and the English piety. Some under-

stand els or before.



II. TIMOTHY. 79

Chap. VI.

8 ,0 '- -7

-,* ,-21 ,

..II. TIMOTHY.

Chap. I.

-, tyj

VI. 21. .] Supply.. 5.]

.]When a, not, is compounded with a word

beginning with a vowel, the letter is generally inserted,

euphonies gratia, to prevent the hiatus caused by the concurrence

of two vowels ; as in this word --, and in the word

--. The negative prefix a is related to the preposi-

tion, without. The is retained before a vowel; just as

the n of the Anglo-Saxon indefinite article an is retained when

the substantive with which it is joined begins with a vowel.

The inseparable negative particle, av-, corresponds with the

Latin in-, and the English un-, in such words as w-utilis

tt?i-happy.




), rrj ]'on .Chap. II.

5 ) , ,.17

' .0 ), -€, .

Chap. III.

1

,kv

.',,,,.3

-, \-.17 rj 6 ,

hap. IV.

3

,* --,. ..]

Supply

.II. 20. . . . .] See note on Acts xxvii. 44.

III. 3..] See note on ch. i. 5.



TITUS.—PHILEMON. 81

13 ov

, , ,$.

TITUS.

Chap.I.

1 1, ,.15 *

,6 .hap. II.

10 77 ,

.PHILEMON.

20

,,/)/•

/?/.

. 11. .] This is not the nominative case to Set, which is an

impersonal verb ; but the accusative case after, under-

stood after Sei, teaching things which it is necessary for them nut to

teach.

20.

.]The optative mood is here used in its proper and

peculiar sense ; namely, to express a wish : May I have joy of

thee.




HEBREWS.

Chap. II.

17, \ \,

.Chap. III.

10 ) , \.',

17 ;,; Chap. .3, ' }

,II. 17. Qebv.~] As to the things appertaining to God.

The full construction is, Qeov.

III. 17. €?7.] The accusative of time, how long. The idiom is

identical with the English, which frequently omits the preposi-

tion (during or for) in such cases. See note, Acts ix. 43.

IV. 3. el] This particle has here the force of a negative. The

same form is used in ch. iii. 11 ; also in Mark viii. 12. It may be

regarded as belonging to the class of expressions (common among

the ancients) called euphemismus, in which a mild form of denial

or statement is used. The suppressed consequent of the hypo-

thetic proposition may be supplied in some such manner as this :

If they enter into my rest, then ...I shall have sivorn falsely. Theidiom is used only in oaths and solemn asseverations.

L



HEBREWS. 83

'.2 6 , ,,, ,

Chap. V.

9 .1 6 -.12 eivai,* ,Chap. VI.

7 ,

,,

14 , -.

VI. 14. .] The formula , assuredly, is in the highest

degree emphatic. It is used to introduce the actual words ofan oath. The Ionic form, , is used in a precisely similar

manner in Iliad i. 77.




16'\6

.Chap. VII.

3 *,,'-. , ,

6-22 -

. Chap. IX.

4 , \ -

,,,

3 Et ,-.9 -

,,.VII. 4.

€.] An adjective, agreeing with under-stood.



HEBREWS. 85

Chap. XI.

7€

we

-67€>, €€-€ * -Kpive , -

eyeveTO.2 YIlcTTei

^ eev wepl

4€€,eVere/.33 ,,7,,-

iv

, ev ,.hap. XII.

1

\ -€, -, -.5 ,

Yle ,, , -. , -

,.

XI. 22..] See note, Matt. ix. 18.

33. /.] See note, Acts xiv. 16.

I




18

, , , ,-,19 Kou , ^,.23,

-, .Chap. XIII.

4 6 iv, -

• \6

.6

',JAMES.

Chap. I.

11 6 ,,\

'6.

II. 18.] The participle, which is

touched orfelt, is here taken in the sense of the verbal adjective

,capable of being• felt, i. e. tangible or material ; as in

the phrase of the Septuagint,

," darkness "which

may be felt," palpable darkness, Exodus x. 21.



JAMES. 87

19 ,/ ,l?

,.23 Qtl \, -.6 ,

, -, .Chap. II.

16 '\*,9 ; 6 '' , -

.Citap. III.

2

'19. ....] These infinitives, with the

neuter article, are to be taken as substantives. They have the

same force as the English verbal substantives, hearing, speaking ;

and the passage might be literally rendered, " Swift to heariwg•,

slow to speafaircg•." See note on Matt. xiii. 25.

II. 19. .] See note, Matt. v. 18, for a rule

from which this is a deviation. That rule, however, applies

chiefly to inanimate things or neuters taken in a collective sense.

But where the things are individualised, or intelligent beings

are spoken of, the plural is more appropriate, as here.

III. 2. .] Supply before this word.

.] We all offend. In the Authorised Version,

observe that all is in the nominative, not the objective, case.



83 GREEK TESTAMENT ROOTS., • ,.4, ,,.

\

,.

,. € \ €€,€ , -.

0 /c

-. , ,.1 .7. . . . . . . . . ..~\ All these are pro-

perly adjectives, the word being understood with each of

them.

10. ....] Whether in or out of composition, the

preposition is used in the form, before a consonant, and

(i.e. ) before a vowel ; is the primitive form, being used

eupJionice gratia. It may be observed here, that the general

orthographical law—that whenever, in the composition of a

word, , , or is followed by , the mute and the become

combined into the double letter — admits of one exception,

which occurs in the case of this preposition . When is

compounded with a word beginning with , the and are left

separate, and are not combined into : as,, an ecstasy.

The reason of this deviation from the general rule is, that the

composition of the word may be more obvious.

11. .] This is used as a note of interrogation of a more



JAMES. 89

17 5e

, ,,,^^ -. Chap. IV.

14

;, .

hap. .1 ' , -

-2 , ,.', 6 -emphatic form than

simply; it is

whether by anymeans, whe-

ther is it possible. See note on , Luke xi. 12.

.] Supply after and after. The same

word () is suppressed in Matt. x. 42 :

a cup of cold water only.

17. .] Secondly. The usual meaning of is next in

point of time ; although frequently (as here) used to indicate the

next in order.

IV. 14. .'] The affair or event of to-morrow,

,or

(i.e. the thing about to result or take place), being

understood.

.] Compare note on John i. 29, and the notes there re-

ferred to.

.] i.e.. Compare note, Luke xiii. 8.

V. 1. '.] This word is here used purely as an adverb, Go to /

or Come ! since the plural,

,would require

,if the

exclamation were to be considered as a verb.

3



90 GEEEK TESTAMENT ROOTS.

, 6 ,€' (/3#.

5 * € -, \ iyepei 6'j, .

I. PETER.

Chap. I.

5 iv

8€,v .14: ,6

, .Chap. .

18 , iv, -, \ .15. -.] It shall be forgiven; i.e.

,a singular,

taken out of, or understood from, the plural. Or a<pe-

-€ may be considered impersonal : forgiveness shall he

granted to him.

1.24. ...e£eVeae.] The aorists here are used in their

peculiar sense of indicating events which are always taking

j)lace, or sentiments which are always true. On the force of the

aorist, see notes, Matt. xiii. 15, and John xiii. 26.

II. 18.^] Supply ecrre.



I. PETER. 91

20 ,;' -23 ' ,-*

4 "Os*

kv , }).

Chap. III.

9 . , -', -*, ,

3. . . . . . .

.]These imperfects are

used with the peculiar force of the imperfect, which often indi-

cates habitude or reiteration. "He never used to revile again,

never used to threaten, always used to commit himself," etc. See

note, Luke viii. 29..] Supply after this word. This is analogous

to the use of the English verb to submit, which is used (like

here) in a neuter sense, the pronoun himself being in

strict grammatical analysis to be understood.24..] Properly, the weal raised on the skin by the blow

of a whip. The word occurs in the Septuagint in a more gene-

ral sense, Gen. iv. 23 : \, " I have

slain a young man to my hurt." But it is rarely used otherwise

than in its literal acceptation.

ov . . ..] The genitive of the relative alone woulct have

been sufficient to convey the sense ; the addition of gives

an intensive force to the sentence :" By whose own stripes ye

were healed," i.e. he himself suffered.




21 ' -[ , -), -.

Chap. IV.

3

'

6 ,, olvo-,,, \ -., ,

.Chap. V.

5' *, -, 6

-,

-.8,, 6, ,,2

[

) ,, .V. 12. .] i.e.

.See note on , Acts i. 3.



II. PETER. 93

II. PETER.

Chap. I.

1 , ?/ -

.9

, • , -}, \ )

Chap. II.

4 6, ,--, , -.

10

-,,,2 , , ,,

,II. 6..] See note on Matt. xxiv. 6.



94 GREEK TESTAMENT ROOTS., rfj -3

, -iv , ,,-ol,14' ,

-, -, .22' ^ -

' ',

-. Chap. III.

5 ,13.

.]Attic future participle for

.See

note, Matt. xxv. 32.

14..] is properly a feminine adjective ; an

example of its being used as such, is to be found in Matt. xii. 39,J

where the substantive, yevea, is expressed. Here, however, it is

used substantively ; but some understand.2. .] Supply, and translate, "to them happened

the event of (i. e. spoken of in) the proverb " ; or

,and trans-

late, " to them is applicable the expression of the proverb."

.] Equivalent to , whence the Latin sus. The Greek

aspirate is sometimes, in derivation, changed into $•. Other

examples of this substitution appear in converting into

super, into sub, !£ into six, into seven, into sylva,

etc.

III. 5..] is to escape the notice of, or be hidden

from, "this escaped the notice of them willing (that it should)."

It is usually joined with a participle ; and the whole phrase may



I. JOHN. 95, 1,.

10 H^et iv

, iv ] oi ,v .2 -

,\ -I. JOHN.

Chap. IV.

18 iv , '6* -

.be conveniently translated by rendering the participle as a verb,

and (or its participle) as the adverb imperceptibly, pri-

vately, etc. : as, e\a6ev els rovs, " he

unwittingly fell into the midst of enemies.".] An example of the Attic formation of the femi-

nine of acontracted perfect

participle.See explanation in note,

Acts xxviii. 2.

12..] A present used in a future sense. The evange-

lical writers, in order to give impressiveness to the narration of

striking events, particularly those relating to objects of the

sense of sight, frequently use the present, in referring not only

to past, but even to future events. A picture is thus called up

in the imagination of the reader or hearer, which the stricter

and tamer form fails to present. See note on Matt. ii. 19, where

an angelic vision is referred to in the present tense.




III. JOHN.

12

, -? -, .

III. JOHN.

11 ', ,6, 6,

.JUDE.

3 ),,

, ,-, -7 *, , -,-,.

0 , ,-,-, .12.

.']Attic for

.See note on Rom. iii. 13.

7. ....~\ i.e.. .



REVELATION. 97

KEVELATION.

Chap. I.

8 \ , ,6, 6 , 6 , 6,.

Chap. II,

17 ,*̂/ ,,-

el

6,3 ,

. 8. .] Here A and , used metaphorically to

signify the first and the last, are taken as substantives ; andalthough in their own forms invariable, are declined by aid of

the cases of the neuter article, thus : Nominative, to A ; Geni-

tive, A, etc. : the distinction of case being as clearly indi-

cated by the variation of the prefix, as it would be by an altera-

tion of termination, if that were possible. This use of the article

is a common device of the Greek language, to indicate the cases

of words invariable in their termination.

&v, , 6.] 6 is here rightly joined to the

participles o)v and ; but before , it is used in the

sense of the relative os. This is done to prevent disturbing the

uniformity of the members of the antithesis;

here, in fact,

supplies the place of a past participle of the verb "to be," which

is wanting in the Greek language.

II. 17.

.~]Infinitive 2 aorist, not to be confounded with

(payeLv, the infinitive present ; which is, however, not in use, its

place being supplied by ivdUiv.



98 GREEK TESTAMENT ROOTS.•27 iv

•,Chap..

4

' ,\

-.14 Kai .-6, 6 6

,15 , ,• .16, , \

. 15. /.] To indicate a wish, either the optative mood

is used (see note, Philemon 20), or the infinitive may be used,

preceded by the verb or, would that. This verb

has a force nearly equivalent to the Latin utinam; but, unlike

that conjunction, it varies in number and person according to

the sense. It is the 2 aorist of the verb, to owe, and is

frequently preceded by , or some other particle. The follow-

ing verse of Homer will illustrate the use of the word:

" , '.II. . 428.

You have come from the war, would that you had perished there!

i. e. you ought to have perished there. The use of the word as an

optative particle may therefore be accounted for by the consi-

deration, that what one can say ought to have taken place, one

may be considered as wishing to have taken place. The form

ultimately came to be used without distinction of num-

ber or person ; and, indeed, degenerated into a conjunction or

interjection, as it is used here. See 1 Cor. iv. 8.



REVELATION. 99,,18 - -, )', , -) ' \ -,

. Chap. IV.

3, .' ? -,

6 ,\ -Chap. V.

9

,'",, \,IV. 6. .] Adverbially, for iv.



100 GREEK TESTAMENT HOOTS.

Chap. VI.

6

,'' ,.

13 }, ,.5 , \ -

, ,\

,.Chap. VII.

1

VI. 6..] The genitive of price. See note on Acts vii.

16. The Eoman denarius, a silver coin, consisting of ten (deni)

asses, was equivalent to the Greek, which is variously .

estimated at from 7fdi. to 9fd. of our money. The is the .

woman's "piece of silver" spoken of in Luke xv. 8, 9 ; and, in

all cases where "penny" occurs in the New Testament, the ori-

ginal is. , or silver " penny," was the wages ,

of a labourer for a full day's work, according to Matt. xx. 2. The, translated " measure " in Eev. vi. 6, was a corn-measure,.

containing 2 or (according to some) 1£ pints English ; and was

one man's daily allowance. Wheat would, consequently, be very

dear at a denarius the choenix, as costing a whole day's earnings

for a day's sustenance.



REVELATION. 101

,-,, -, .4 *, .

VII. 1 . .] See note, Mark xiii. 20.

14. .'] Attic for

,perfect of pec». Similarly,

for, perfect of. Compare note on Luke i. 36.

In these instances the Attic dialect changes the reduplication

into the diphthong et, which is, in fact, only a lengthened form

of the common augment ; so that, in this case, a lengthened

augment serves in place of a reduplication. But when the com-

mon augment is lengthened in the Attic dialect, in tenses which

admit only the simple augment, and not the reduplication, e is

lengthened by being converted into , not into ei : as, jftxeXXe for

tyeXXe. See notes on Rom. iii. 13, and 2 John 12.

.] " Thou knowest." Whenever the personal pronoun,

in the nominative case, is expressed in the Greek, it ought to be

emphasised in reading the translation, as indicating contrast.

This contrast is frequently expressed, as in James ii. 18, "Thou

() hast faith, and I (eya>) have works"; but in the present

instance it is implied, " thou knowest" implying i" do not. Simi-

larly, in all the Gospels, in answer to Pilate's interrogatory (ren-

dered contemptuously comparative by the emphasis on "thou"),

"Art thou () the King of the Jews?" our Lord meekly re-

plies, "Thou () sayest it" ; implying, I have not said it. That

this is the true interpretation of Christ's answer, appears also

from the context, supplied in John xviii. 36 :"My kingdom is

not of this world." Another very important instance of this

scriptural mode of conveying a necessary implication by em-

phasis alone, occurs in the text (quoted by Paul in Eom. xii. 19

—compare Deut. xxxii. 35), " Vengeance is mine ; / (e'y") w^lrepay, saith the Lord" ; clearly implying—in harmony with the

Christian doctrine which the apostle enforces by this citation

from the Old Testament Ye must not avenge. From these

passages, it appears that affirmations of this kind involve nega-

tions with which they are contrasted by implication. Again, in

the parable of the prodigal son, Luke v. 31, the words of the

3




€L7re • Ovtgl -*

?,.Chap. VIII.

7 6

,\-,, ,1

'-'ayj

/,, .father imply contrast as emphatically as tenderly: "My son,

thou () art with me always." Numerous other examples of

this use of the pronouns might be adduced ; and the student of

the New Testament would do well to observe, in all cases, whe-ther the personal pronoun of the nominative case is, or is not,

expressed in the Greek. If it is, he will generally observe an

emphasis, which will enable him not only to appreciate more

fully the force, the majesty, or the pathos of the original ; but

sometimes to detect a latent meaning which had before escaped

him. His reading of the English version, also, will be made

more impressive, by knowing on what word of the original the

emphasis falls.

VIII. 7. ....] Observe the agreement of two

singular substantives with a plural adjective and a singular verb.

The verb is singular on the principle, that a nominative plural

neuter has a verb singular;

and, being united in the

neuter adjective, become the neuter plural nominative

case before the singular verb

."] i. e. ,

the third part ; the same ellipsis

occurs in verse 11. So in English, a third for a thirdpart.



REVELATION. ' 103

Chap. IX.

2

?

'?-?' 6? 6.? ?? ?-? -, ? .

Chap. .3' ,

? ?.6 ? ??, ?, ,' ?.

Chap. XI.

9 ?,?.

IX. 2..]"is properly an adjective, as appears

by such phrases as , the bottomless depth of the

sea ; , a bottomless lake. Some such word as

or is to be understood wherever occurs unaccom-

panied by a substantive.

XI. 9. .] See notes on Acts ix. 43, and Heb. iii. 17. With

the accusative of time, how long, the preposition eVi is under-stood

; and is sometimes expressed, as in Luke iv. 25, em '4,for three years.




Chap. XII.

4 Kat

, \6 -, , ,).

Chap. XIII.

2 Kat , , -, ,6, -

, .Chap. XIV.

18 -, ',,, .19 6

, ,

. Chap. XVI.

10 6 -' \-XVI. 10. ."] From

,1 future of or

,comes

1 aorist, contracted into ; which, in the compound, is further shortened into-.



REVELATION. 10

vero -

.13 Kai

-, \ ,,Chap. XVII.

6 , -' , 13, ^/,.Chap. XVIII.

6 , ,*iv , -,

7

,,

XVII. C. .] I wondered with great wonder. It

is not uncommon for a Greek intransitive or neuter verb to take

after it an accusative case of the like signification with itself,

the preposition being understood. So , to he ill

of a disease;

-,to rejoice with great joy

a^LKeiv *

,to inflict injustice on thee. This idiom is also to

be found in English ; as, " to die the death." In Greek, how-

ever, the noun is generally to be put in the dative, particularly

where there is a qualifying adjective ; as, -(Xen.), to die by a voluntary death : but also without an

adjective; as, , to die the death, meaning simply

to die.

XVIII. 6. .] The dative of the relative by attraction. See

note, John iv. 14.




otl ev rfj €• -

, , .12

,, \, -, , ,,,\

,3 , , \ -, \, , ,, , , ', ,4

, ,.22

\iv

' ez5-

13. .'] This genitive is governed by, which occurs

in the beginning of the preceding verse.

14. .] In Greek, two or more negatives do

not destroy one another, but make the negation stronger. Herethe three negatives, , make the denunciation of the

text more emphatic : , when joined with ov, is generally fol-

lowed by the subjunctive.

22.. -

] Harpers ; from, a guitar or harp, and

, a song. The derivation of from, or , ta sing,

will appear plain by observing, that from the* perfect middle

()of that verb comes ; and that, by the rules of con-

traction, aoi becomes ..] Compare note on chap. vii. 1.

I



REVELATION. 107

I

) ' kcu )Chap. XIX.

-.

Chap. XX.

4 Kat • -, ' ,\ , -

, ',, -.

Chap. XXI.

8

,\,,

XX. 4. erq.] For the thousand years. is inserted

on the authority of the Alexandrine MS., Mill and others omit-

ting it. The force of the article is .to identify the period of a

thousand years, during which " the souls . . . lived and reigned

with Christ," with that spoken of in ver. 2. In that verse, the

article is not used, and the translation is consequently " a thou-

sand years" ; but in ver. 3, 4, 5, the text is , the

thousand years. See note on Mark xv. 46.

XXI. 8.

-rols

.]All the false : in the Authorised

Version, "all liars." The adjective is used substantively

with the article, just as we speak of "the just," i. e. just men;




rfj} rrj

)) ,

.6 Kai , \

\ -, \ \

\

.19 Kat oi

6 6,- 6 - 6,6,'

0

,•6,•

,'

6

,-6

,6

,'

,- 6,.1 , --,"the deep," for the deep sea, etc. The phrase oi yjsevdels compre-

hends not only "liars" (in the common acceptation of the

term), but all who are guilty of deception of any kind, whether

by act or by word.

XXI. 20.

.],fifth, is formed from

,an

iEolic form of. It may assist the student, in remember-

ing the different classes of numerals, to observe that the ordinals

(first, second, etc.) all end in -, except,, and

; and that among the cardinals (one, two, etc.), the tens

end in-, and the hundreds in-.21..], a broad street, is properly the feminine of

;

,or rather $•, being understood. is

opposed to in Luke xiv. 21 :" Go into the streets()and lanes() of the city."



SUPPLEMENT.

MATTHEW.

Chap. XIV.

36 Kai -'.Chap. XXVII.

5 Kai ptyas iv -' ,.XXVII. 5. .] He hanged himself. This word well

exemplifies the reflexive force of the Greek Middle Voice. Theactive, ay, is to strangle; the passive, to be strangled ; and

the middle, particularly in the 1 aorist, to strangle oneself. Asimilar force of this voice, and this particular tense, may be

observed in Mark vii. 4, " except they wash" themselves. This

peculiar force of the 1 aorist middle has also a most remarkable

jj exemplification in Acts xxii. 16, where Ananias says to "brother

j

Saul" (not yet Paul), "Arise, baptise thyself

(,not

"bebaptised"), and wash away thy sins, calling on the name of the

Lord."




MARK.

Chap. VI.

40 Kai ),), -.LUKE.

Chap. II.

12,iv

ttj

}.Chap. .31

iv tyj )' \ ,-Chap. XIV.

13 '' , ,,.Chap. XXIV.

17

'-

VI. 40. .] For . So, in verse 7'

of this chapter, for , by twos; or like the English

phrases, " two and two," " two by two."

1 *'

X. 31. .'] " By chance," or rather by coincidence,

from

,together, and or

,to meet with. Hence

-properly means a concurrence of events, which come

together or coincide without design on the part of the agents.



SUPPLEMENT. Ill

, -;ACTS.

Chap. .

18 * \ -,.Chap. VIII.

3 ,,, \, .8 ' -

5,,

6

• .XXIV. 17. care.] Before these words understand

/, why, implied in the interrogative rives, which begins the

sentence.

I. 18.

€<.] Re obtained for himself, or acquired. Thisis the force of the 1 aorist middle. See note on

,Matt,

xxvii. 5 (page 109).

VIII. 3. €//6...6.] Eemark the force of the im-

perfect tense, indicating continuity or repetitio?i of an act :" He

continued (or kept) making havoc," etc. See note on 1 Pet. ii. 23.

The imperfect is thus strongly distinguished from the aorist,

which points to only a single act, occurring in a moment oftime, or once for all ; while the imperfect always denotes a

continued, habitual, or repeated action or state.




Chap. XL

8 Se'

,, ^* on

-/ Chap. XXI.

7 ,-?.

GALATIANS.

Chap. VI.

17 , *.EPHESIANS.

Chap. VI.

12

XI. 8..] This word is derived from, not even

one, compounded of and ?, an old equivalent of els or t\s.

Similarly, is from, an Ionic form of $•..] Any. See note on Mark xiii. 20.

"VI. 17. .] For the future, for \.he ellipsis of with adjectives, pronouns, and participles

is common. See note on Acts xxiv. 16. Similarly, time is under-stood in numerous English phrases, such as the past, how long,

from this out, for the present.



SUPPLEMENT. 113, , -, ,.

EEVELATION.Chap. XIII.

18 6 ' ,\ *, \ 6 ^ .

VI. 12. .] From, by inserting the digamma, comes

the Latin ae-v-um, whence the English co-eval. It has already

been observed (see note on Luke xi. 12), that the iEolic double

gamma, or digamma (F), had the power of V or F ; and, indeed,

the form of F is derived from it. The restoration of this letter

before vowels in the beginning or middle of words, extends our

acquaintance with the connexion existing between the Greek

and English languages, by affording the means of identifying

numerous Greek words with their Latin derivatives, and thus of

tracing the origin of several English words derived from the

Greek through the Latin. For instance, the English word vision

comes from the Latin video, which is derived from Ihov or fibov

the 2 aorist of eiSco. So the English vestment comes from the

Latin vestis, equivalent to the Greek

," a garment." Like-

wise, vernal from ver or fjp, " the spring" ; violence from vis or

?, "force" ; divine from divus or, etc.

XIII. 18. *£?'.] i.e. 666 ; the Greek numeral standing for

600, £' for 60, and ' (called Ban) for 6. In the Alexandrine

manuscript, the numbers are expressed in words instead of

arithmetical notation e£.

The problem put forth in the text, " Let him that hath under-standing count the number of the beast," has given rise to

various attempts at solution ; and the present editor ventures

L 3




to suggest a new one, founded on certain properties which he

has discovered in the number, curiously connecting it with theequilateral triangle and the square— the former the natural

emblem of Trinity in Unity, and the latter of Stability and

Might. All conjectures hitherto offered have been based on the

supposition that the number, 666, is indicative of the qualities

or attributes of the beast. But may not this be a fundamental

error ; and may not the number rather refer to the Deity Him-

self, whose emblem the " beast" impiously assumed ?

In the first place, the number 666 is a triangular number

i.e. it is one of the terms of the series, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, etc 666,

etc— , of the numbers which represent, or may be arranged in,

equilateral triangles. Thus it appears that 666 has for its base

the sacred number, 3, its units being resolvable into the form of a

symmetrical triangle.

The secondary base of 666 is 6, a number not only a perfect

number (i. e. equal to the sum of its divisors), but the first ofperfect numbers.

This secondary base, 6, is closely related to, or resolvable into,

the primary, 3. Both by itself, and particularly in the number

666, 6 is connected with the radix, 3, by properties of a very

remarkable character. And, first, of the number 6 taken by

itself.

(1.) 6 is itself a triangular number, and expresses that parti-

cular equilateral triangle of which the side is three.

(2.) 6 derives its property of being a perfect number, from its

being equal to the sum of its three divisors ; those divisors being

the^first three digits, 1, 2, 3.

The number 6 thus being a triangular number, and that

triangular number of which the side is three ; being also a per-

fect number, the first of perfect numbers; being equal to

the sum of its three divisors, and those divisors the first three

numbers ; and being, in the number 666, taken three times

pre-eminently represents such a triangle as is a fit symbol of the

Deity. This emblematic fitness evidently comprehends a sym-

bolisation of the attributes in virtue of which the Divine Being

is One and Indivisible, although Triune ; and not only Per-

fect or Optimus, but First or Nulli Secundus, i. e. Maximus.

Secondly, of 6 taken three times in the number 666. The

proof of the triplicity, or Trinity, of this symbol (666) may be

further extended by observing, that 666 is composed of a unit,

a ten, and a hundred, multiplied by 1, by 2, and by 3 ; i. e. each



SUPPLEMENT. 115

taken once, twice, and thrice. And here, again, the number 6

appears as well as 3 ;since there are in this multiplication six

factors, i.e. three multipliers, and three multiplicands; the three

multipliers, 1, 2, 3, being the three divisors of the perfect num-

ber 6, and indicating respectively the First, Second, and Third

Persons of the Trinity.

Further, 666 is trebly a triangular number ; for (1.) 6 is a

triangular number; (2.) 666 is a triangular number ; and (3.)

36, the side of the triangle formed by 666 units, is itself a tri-

angular number. Thus the idea of triplicity, and that triplicity

a Trinity in Unity, seems multiplied the more we dwell on the

subject; and indications crowd upon us, that the recondite

qualities of this mysterious number variously identify it with

the equilateral triangle—the natural, peculiar, and unique sym-

bol of Trinity in Unity ; and (the triangle being equilateral) of

the equality of the three Persons.

Next, as to the relations of this number with the square.

And let it be premised, that the square is the representative of

Solidity and Strength ; of Stability, Firmness, Fixity ; and, con-

sequently, of Perpetuity or Eternity ;— all among the grandest

attributes of the Almighty. Plato and Aristotle use the(, or square, as synonymous with Moral Perfection.

The right angle also, by itself, naturally suggests perpendicu-

larity or Uprightness; and is the essential notion of the

emblematic Scales of Justice, inclining neither to the right

hand nor to the left.

The number 666 is the sum of the series of natural numbers

from 1 to 36. Hence the side of the equilateral triangle formed*

by 666 is 36, the square of 6. Thus the element, 6, is here

found in the form of a square, as well as that of a triangle ; so

'

that the number 666 is not only connected obviously with the

number 6, but also associated, in an occult relation, with thesquare of that perfect number.

It is also observable, that 666 typifies the union of the triangle

and the square, being the sum of the triangular number 630, and

the square 36. But this union is still more completely symbo-

lised by the striking circumstance that 36 the geometrical

base of the equilateral triangle 666, and consequently its linear

representative — is the first number that is, distinctively, both an

equilateral triangle and a square. The number 666 is therefore,

collectively, a symbol of the Triune Almighty.

The connexion of 3, 6, and 666 with each other and with the




perfect square, appears also from another numerical truth. It

willbe found that the sum of the six permutations of the digits,

1, 2, 3, taken three and three together, is equal to the square of

6, plus the square of the square of 6 ; and each of these quanti-

ties is a multiple of 666.

Seeing, then, that this mystic number possesses so many

intrinsic qualities, combined in no other number whatever, and

all converging towards the symbolisation of the chief essential

attributes of the Deity—is it too much to conclude that it is a

cipher or monogram, typical of the Holy Trinity, and usurped

by the beast, in accordance with his character of blasphemy ?

The essential characteristic of the Power or System spoken of

in Scripture by the various appellations of "the beast," "Anti-

christ," "the man of sin," etc., isMasphemy. This appears from

numerous texts: ex. gr., in Rev. xiii. 1, the "beast" has "upon

his heads the name of blasphemy"; in Rev. xvii. 3, the "woman"

is "fall of names of blasphemy." Now "blasphemy" is, in manypassages, denned as an assumption of the titles, attributes, and

authority of God. See John x. 33 :" We stone thee ... for blas-

phemy ; and because that thou, being a man, makest thyself

God." Compare Matt. xxvi. 65. See also Mark iii. 29, 30, where

"to blaspheme against the Holy Ghost" is to attribute the

miracles of Christ to " an unclean spirit."

The " man of sin" (2 Thess. ii. 4) " as God sitteth in the tem-

ple of God, shewing that he is God" ; and it might be no forced

inference to conclude, that the emblem of the Triune Almighty,

impiously arrogated to himself by the " beast," similarly consti-

tuted his " name of blasphemy." The hidden significancy of the

usurped symbol of Him whose name is " secret" (Judges xiii. 18)

may have relation to the "mystery" by which the "woman"

perhaps identical with the second beast— " deceiveth them that

dwell on the earth" ;

and "they that had gotten the victory . ,

.

over the number of his name" may be those who detected,

resisted, and unmasked the falsehood and forgery of his assumed

escutcheon.



PARSING LEXICON.



REMARKS TO AID THE STUDENT IN

PARSING.

1. When appears in the termination of a verb, it is gene-

rally the first future or the first aorist.

2. When is in the termination, the tense is generally the

first aorist or first future passive.

3. The syllabic augment, e, at the beginning of a word, denotes

the imperfect or aorists.

4. The reduplication of the same consonant, or mutes of the

same class (labial, dental, or guttural), beginning the first two

syllables, denote the perfect tense.

5. The syllable, e, before the reduplication, denotes the plu-

perfect.

6. In the case of verbs compounded with prepositions, the

tenses are to be looked for under the simple form of the verb.

7. Where is subscript, a contraction has always taken place.

8. A circumflex over a syllable, is frequently an indication

that a contraction has taken place.

9. Where the composition of a word is obvious, the compo-

nent parts having sustained little or no alteration, the student

is left to infer the composition for himself ; in which he cannot

fail, as the parts of compound words are separated by a

hyphen.

10. In compound words beginning with a preposition, the

final vowel of the prepositions , \,, *, eVi,,,, and, is dropped before a vowel.

11. The final of the prepositions iv and , in composition,

is often changed, in conformity with the General Orthographical

Law given in the Etymological Introduction prefixed to the'

Texts.



PARSING LEXICON.

A, alpha, the first letter of the alphabet, used metapho-

rically to signify the first. In composition, it is

generally equivalent to not ; but sometimes has an

intensive force. Hence, with or, ALPHA-bet;

with, A-torn; with

,A-mnesty.

',indecl. m. Abraham.

-, , /. a bottomless pit, or deep ; from a, not,

and, Ion. for. Hence, ABYSS.-, ,/., to do good; and-, , m. andf. a well-doer; from, and

',, ov {irregular comparatives,

,apeioov,

,,,; irregular super-

latives, [hence, with, ARiSTO-cracy],,,, ), good,

brave, prudent ; subst. goods. Hence the name,

Agatha.

,,,f. gladness, exultation ; from

,, f., to leap for joy, exult, be glad,

celebrate; from', f., to adorn, delight., , f., to be in pain, to be indignant,

to complain, grieve, groan.

,, /., to love, to kiss, to be content with

;

hence



!

120 GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.

Aya^, , f. love, pi. love-feasts or AGAP^ ; and

',, bv, beloved.

lAyyapevoo,f., to compel to go ; from, , m. Persian kings' messengers, empowered

to press horses and drivers into their service.

Ayyeiov, , n. a vessel, jar ; from <<;. Hence, with

,ANGiO-tomy.

,,f., to announce, to bring news; hence

?, , m. and f. a messenger, an ANGEL.

ATTOX, , n. a vessel.

Aye, adv. come, go to, properly the imperat. of.Ayei^,

f.epco, to bring together, collect; from•

,,

f. a herd {properly of oxen), a flock, a troop.

A-yevea-\yo, , m. andf. without genealogy; from

a, not, yLvopuab and.AyiaC^,

f., to sanctify, hallow, cleanse; from

'%, , , holy, pure, pious; subst. pi. saints.

Hence, withy, HAGiO-graphy.

,, /. the arms when bent, as in embracing;

hence

AyicaKn), , f an arm.", , n. a hook.

,?,/, an ANCHOR, support, help.

^, , /.

,to be ignorant, be ignorant of, pass.

part, not known; from a, not, and^. j

(%, , bv, chaste, pure, modest, innocent. Hence

the name Agnes.

or , /.; 1 aor.Att.; 2aor.pass.

iar/, to break.

-,ov, unknown; from a, not, and

.yopa, , f.a forum or market-place, an assembly,



PARSING LEXICON. 121

supplies, purchase, an harangue (hence cat-EGORY,

from

,to predicate of); from

.,/,, to buy, redeem; from

.", , f. catching, hunting, prey, a draught (as of

fishes).-, ov, m, a wild olive ; from ikaia, and

', , , rustic, wild, fierce; from

(2,ov, m. the country, a field. Hence ACRE,

originally an open field.

--, , f. watching ; from a, not, and.The is inserted euph. gratia.,, f.

an assembly, a multitude ; from.",/.

,to press tight, strangle, hang.

, f., to lead, bring, pass the time, keep a festival

(according to• the substantive coming after it), to

value, govern, go, go on (as to time). Hence syn-

AGOGUE.

",, m. a contention, contest, struggle, games,

arena, danger (hence, with

,ant-AGONlST).

Hence, , f.contention, AGONY.

%, , . a brother (properly, a uterine bro-

ther. It is supposed to be derived from, the

womb, and

,together). Hence, with

,Phil-ADELPHIA, i. e. brotherly love.

, ,/., to please, gratify, delight.

-§\, adv. uncertainty; and

-, adv. uncertainly; from a, not, and., ,/., to be grievously tormented,

to be cast down with sorrow.

", ov, m. (contr. for -', from a, not, and '), a




place of darkness, or of departed spirits, death, Pluto,

Hell, the grave, the shades.

--, , m. andf.

impartial ; from a, not, Bca,

and.-, , /., to act unjustly, injure; and

-, ?,/, injustice; from a, not, and.P(?%, , . andf. great, abundant, handsome, strong,

fierce; hence

, ?,/, abundance.

", (contr. from ),/. , to sing., adv. always, continually. Hence, For AYE=for

ever.

AETO^, , . an eagle.

AH S

P, epos, . air. Hence, aerial.-, , n. an unlawful thing; and-, , . andf. unlawful; from a, not, and.-, , . andf. lawless; from a, not, and.-, ,

f.

,to contemn, reject; from a, not, and

., ,/., to strive; from

03, or, , . contest, strife. Hence

ATHLETIC.

02, , . andf. crowded.

-, , . andf. innocent; from a not, and

.Ai,fpl. of 6.

,, , m. andf. belonging to a goat; from., , m. the sea shore., , . an Egyptian; from

,ov,/. Egypt.

, contr. od<;,f. modesty, shame, reverence.

,, n. blood. Hence, with, H^EMO-rrhage.




02, , m. praise. Hence, par-ENESiS.

,70?, /. a goat. Hence, aegis, the shield of

Minerva, covered with the skin of the goat Amalthaea.

, , /., 1. aor. pass,, 2. aor. eikov,

(from obs. '), to take, mid. to choose. Hence,

HERESY.

,/.,to raise, remove, destroy. Hence, ARSIS.

^',/. m., 2. aor. m.,

(from obs. ), to perceive. (Hence, iES-

thetics), hence, S.plur. 2. aor.subj. mid.

AV'XXO'X, , n. deformity, disgrace., €, contr.

,m. andf. seeking shameful

gain; from and., , n. a shameful thing; and, a, bv, {irreg. comp.), shameful, deform-

ed, base; and

,,

f. shame; from

,,,/,, to ask; hence, ,/, cause, blame; hence, , , that causes, or that is to, blame., , m. andf. sudden, unforeseen; from a, not,

and

.-\, , m. a prisoner, captive ; from

,and

ATXMH\ ,/, a point (as of a spear), a spear.

&,, m. age, duration, eternity, a period, time,

an age, the world, (with €) for ever (hence, with

digamma, the Latin <e-Y-um ; whence co-eval) ;

hence, , m. and/, eternal.




-, ,/, uncleanness; and

-,m. and/, n. ov, gen.

, unclean, from a, not,

and .-,, /., to be without opportunity,

from a, not, and.", ,/, a thorn. Hence, acanthus.

--, ,m. and

/unceasing, not to be re-

strained ; from a, not,, and., /, to flourish, be fully ripe; from, , f. a point of a weapon, or of time, the

height, or vigour, or prime, of anything, ACME;

hence

,adv. now, yet.

, , /. hearing, the ear, report ; from., ,/, to follow; from, , m. and/, a follower. Hence, aco-

lyte.

,1. aor. p. subj. 3, sing, o/

,/. , per/, pass,

,to hear. Hence,

ACOUSTICS.-, , f. intemperance, incontinence ; from a, not,

and.,, contr., m. and/, incontinent ; from a,

not, and

., adv. more strictly; from2, , m. and/, exact, accurate, severe, strict., ?,/. a locust.

AKPOA'OMAI, ,/., to hear; hence

,, m. a hearer.

-, , /. the prepuce, uncircumcision ; from, and.




-, , . the first-fruits (which were taken from

the top of the heap), chief spoils, from ), and", , . top, extremity; from

AKP02, a, ov, highest, first. Hence, with, a

verse, ACRO-stic, a series of lines of which the first

letters are to be read as a word.

,,ov, gen.

,unwilling; from a, not, and

.AAABA'HTPON, , . alabaster, alabaster-box.

AAA' , , m. andf.

vain-glorious, boastful,

proud.

,f., to shout, wail, tinkle; from

,,/, a cry used by soldiers going to battle.

,, n. salt, from., , n. pain, grief. Hence, with, to re-

turn, nost-ALGiA, home-sickness, maladie du pays.,/, to anoint.

-,,

f.

cock-crowing ; from

,and

, , m. a cock; from a, not, and

,to

lie down., , m. Alexander. (See), f., to grind.

,,/, truth; from

%,,contr.

,m. and/ true; hence

, , ov, true., /, to grind ; from., adv. truly; from.", adv. sufficiently, abundantly.,

,/,to

pollute;hence

,, n. pollution, contamination.

, /, (from obs. ). The Att.

3




2. aor. (from obs.) is taken in a passive

signification, as is also the perf.

.', for

AAAAl, conj. but, yet, yea.

AAAA^Xfi,f., to change Hence, with eV, the gram-

matical figure, en-ALLAGE; with, par-ALLAX.

,gen. plur. defect, of one another; from

.Hence par-ALLEL.

r

AAAOMAI,f., to leap, spring up.

AAAOX, , o, another; when repeated, it is some...

others (hence, with, suffering, ALLO-pathy;

and, through the Latin alius, alien); hence

,a, ov, foreign, alien, belonging to others.

-, ov, m. and f. of another race ; from

and.AAOA'fl, ,/., or, to tread out or thresh corn.

-, , m. andf.

without speech, without reason,

irrational; from a, not, and

<.AAO'H, 97?,/. the aloe.

*AA%,, or, m. salt, the sea. Hence, SALT, by

substituting s for the aspirate.

AAH, ,/. the sea.

", €,/. a chain; from a, not, and

,, m. Alpheus.

,, or, , f. a threshing-floor.',, f.a fox., €, f.

capture, a snare; from., adv. at the same time with, together with.

',/.,2. aor. (from obs.

), to sin; hence

, ,/, sin.




-, , m.andf. without witnesses; from a, not,

and

.,, m. andf. sinful; subst. a sinner; from

., , . andf.

not contentious; from a, not, and.,/,

,to mow, reap down.

-, , m. an amethyst; from a, not, and

,being supposed to keep off drunkenness.,/,, to change., adv. Heb. verily, Amen.

-,, . and /. without a mother; from a, not,

and

.-, , m. and f.unpolluted ; from a, not, and., ,/, sand; from^.!, , . a lamb.

,,

/. requital; from

.Hence, Amce-

bean verses."!, ,/, a vine.,/ , to help, ward off, defend., prep, about, on both sides. Hence several words

beginning with AMPHI-; as, with

,AMPHI-

theatre.

-, , n. anything thrown around, a gar-

ment, a large net; from and.-, /. (from obs.), to clothe,

array, from and eo).

,at, a, both, from.

,,both.

-, , . and f. without blemish, blameless; from

a, not, and.




AN, conj. if, soever. In the consequent of an hypothetic

proposition, it gives to the imperf,, aorists, or plup.

ind. the signs, would, should, or might; or, would,

should, or might have. With the opt., av occurs

chiefly in objective sentences ; and gives a con-

ditional sense to that mood.

ANA\ prep, through, among, by. It is also a distributive

signifying each, by, throughout. In composition,

again, back, up. Hence, many words beginning

with ana-\ as, with, -gram; with ,-lysis, etc.

-, to go or come up.

Ava

-,to defer.

-, f., to cause to ascend, haul up; from

ova and,-, to look up, receive sight. Hence-,, f.receiving or recovery of sight.

-,?}?,/.

delay; from

., to bring back news, to relate, announce;

from ova and., to read., a, ov, necessary; from, ,/, necessity.

-,/.,to flourish again, recover strength.

-, f., to view, contemplate.-, to recline.-, to take away, destroy, consume; from ava

and.-,

to cause to rest, refresh; mid. to rest.

-, ov, m. andf. maimed, crippled.-, f. , to fall backwards, recline, sit

down to meat.




! -<, , m. and/, inexcusable ; from a, not, and

.,to kindle; from ava and.-, ?, /. resurrection; from ava and.-, to overturn, turn back; mid. to be engaged

in, to converse; hence

-,???,/. conversation, conduct.

AvareiXr), 3. sing. 1. aor. subj. of

-, to rise, make to rise; hence-, , f.rising, the East, dayspring. Hence,

Anatolia, or Natolia, the modern name of Asia

Minor.

-,to overturn, subvert.

-, to bring up, educate.-, to bring up, bear upon, take away, offer up.-, f, to depart, retire, give place.

", ace. phr. of.',

ov, m. Andrew.

,2.plur. 2. aor. of., 2 plur. 2 aor. of-., ov, m. wind. Hence, anemone; with -, -meter; and, through the Latin anima,

breath, animal.

,plur.part. 2. aor. of

.--, , m. andf.

inscrutable; from a, not,

and.--, , m. andf.

unsearchable; from a, not,

ef and.Av-eireaov, 2 aor. of

., to examine, put to the question ; from ava and.




-, . sing 2. aor. pass, of

.adv. without.

--, , m. andf.

inconvenient; from a, not, ,and.-, to find out; from ava and.-, to bear, bear with ; from ava and ; mid.

.-,3 sing. 1 aor. of

.ANEVICTS, ov, m. a nephew., part. perf. p., and, 3. plur. 1. aor. p. of., , n. dill, an aromatic plant.

-,to be fit; from ava and

.-, , m. andf. fierce; from a, not, and.ANHP,, voc., a man (not a woman, but

is a man or a woman, a human being),

husband. Hence, with ,, to defend, the name

Alex-ANDER, i.e. one who defends men.

-, to resist; from avrl and

.02,, n. a flower. Hence, with?, ANTHO-,, masc. coal, burning coals. Hence, an-

thracite., , ov, human; adverbially, humanly; from

', , m. andf. a man or woman, one of the

human race. Hence, with, phil-ANTHROPY;

with, mis-ANTHROPE.

-, to loosen, unbind, omit, quit; from ava and."-, ,

m. andf. unwashed; from a, not, and

., a, m. Annas.-, , m.andf. foolish; from a, not, and.



PAESING LEXICON. 131

-, f , 1. aor. Att., perf. Att.,perf. m. Att., to open ; from ava and.

-,, . recompense, retribution; from

and

., to answer, reply again, dispute; from

and.prep, for, in the room of, instead of, against, op-

posite to, corresponding to;

' ,because, there-

fore. Hence, -thesis (with), -Christ,

and all words of similar composition.-, , . an adversary, from.-, to invite in return.

-€, to be opposed to, to oppose; part, substan-

tively, opponent.

-,, f.assistance ; from.Xoyia, , /. contradiction, opposition, contumely;

from.-, , f., to revile in return.

-,to measure in return.

--, to pass by on the other side., 3 sing. 2 aor. of., 2. aor. inf. of., to oppose, to set oneself in opposition;

from

,mid. of

.-, , n, an antitype, that which resembles or

corresponds with the type; from., , f., to draw (as water); from", , . sl sink.

-,, . and

f.unfeigned, without deceit

from a, not, and

./., to accomplish, complete.




", adv. up, above, upwards, (as adj.) lofty; ?,to the brim. Substantively, after 2» prep., top.

-yeov or

-, , m. an upper chamber; from

and.", adv. from above, from the beginning, anew;, over again; from., ,/, an axe.

'AUIOS,a, ov, worthy.

Hence AXIOM.for before a vowel.-, to strangle oneself.

-, to lead, lead away; from and.-, , /, to cease from grief, to grow insen-

sible or callous; from>.

-,to dismiss, mid. to depart; from and

., , ov, tender, soft.-, , f., to meet; from."4, adv. once, once for all.

"-,, ,gen.

,the whole, all; from and

.

, ,/,, to deceive; hence, ,/, deceit.-,, . fatherless; from a, not, and.

,3. sing. 2.aor. /

.,, ,/ disobedience, unbelief; from

-€, , . and/ unbelieving, disobedient; from a,

not, and., ,/,, to threaten.

-ercTeivev, 3. sing. 1. aor. 0/

.*

,2 aor. part. 0/

.2. aor. 0/

.




-, adv. opposite to, before; from and evavri.--, adv. without distraction or care; from

a, not, irepl and

.-, to go away.

, 3. sing, per/., and, part.perf.p., and', 1. aor. of.,

to receive, possess, be absent, be distant, refrain

from ; from and., 2 aor. 3 plur. of., 3 sing. 1 aor. mid. of., , /., to be unbelieving, and

-, ,m. and f. unbelieving, faithless, incredible;

from a, not, and

., 6, , contr. , , , simple, single,

perfect.

", prep, from, of, off, for, on, after. Hence nume-

rous words beginning with apo-; as, with

,PO-strophe, a figure of rhetoric.

-, to be absent, to die.-, to register.-, , /., to pay or take tithe of; from

Be/ca.

-, , m. and/, acceptable; from

-, to receive with approbation or gladness.

-&, to restore, give, render, pay, surrender, bar-

ter, reward.', 1 plur. part. 2 aor. m. of.,,

/. a putting away or aside ; and

-, , f. a repository, storehouse, barn ; from

. Hence apothecary.




-, to die.

-,to uncover, reveal; hence

-, ?, /. disclosure, revelation.-,, to deliberate, answer; from, mid.

of.-, to kill.

-,€,/. enjoyment; from

-, f. , to take a portion of, enjoy; from

.-, to leave behind, {mid.) be remaining.-, to lick.], 3. sing. 1. aor. subj. of

-or

,to destroy, lose, (mid.) perish

from and.-, ?, /. defence, apology; from?., 3. p/wr. 2.fut. m. of.,, f.redemption ; from.

-,to dismiss, liberate, put away (a wife), (mid.)

separate.

-, to wash the hands.-, ,/. ??, to seduce; from.-, to draw away or forth ; mid. to depart.-, f, to take off the roof, uncover; from

.-, to send, send forth.-, to deprive, defraud, keep back by fraud.-, , m. & messenger, APOSTLE; from-.-,,

to cast off, lay aside.

-, to depart.--, , m. andf. not causing to stumble, void



PAKSING LEXICON. 135

of offence, not stumbling; from a, not, and

.",/., 2..,to bind, kindle, light; mid.

to touch, take.-, to thrust away, reject; from and-*}

mid. of.-, ,/, destruction, perdition, waste; and

,1. aor. and

, 3. sing. 2. aor. m., from.PA\ ,/, imprecation.

", conj. therefore, then, haply.

", part. 1 . aor. /.^, , bv, white, fleet; also idle. In the latter

sense it is derived from a, neg. and epyov., neut. plur. contr. of, , eov, contr., a,, made of silver, and, , . silver, [plur) pieces of silver ; from

",, masc. silver. Hence, Lat. argentum; Fr.

argent; and the English, AUGEJST, bright as silver;

from, white.,, comp. /., 1 . aor. in/, of

APE'%Kn,f (from obs. ), to please.

, , f.virtue; from

APHX, , m. Mars. Hence, with, a hill, Areo-

pagus.

", 2. sing. 1. aor. subj. of., , m. a number. Hence, arithaietic.,, m. Aristarchus.

APIXTEPaZ, a, bv, thedeft.", , . a repast.




', , ov, sup. of

.', , bv, sufficient; from

, f., to be sufficient, to aid; mid. to be con-

tented.! , , m. andf. a bear. Hence AitCT-urus, from, a tail; Arctic, i.e. under the constellation

called " the Great Bear".

ffAPMA,, n. a chariot., , m. a joint; and, f., to join together; mid. to espouse, from

. Hence, HARMONY.,,

f.

,to deny, refuse.

, , n. a lamb, little lamb ; from., 1. aor. imperat. of ., , n. a plough; from.. S.plur. l.fut. of ., a>,f.,., to plough.

,, f.

,sometimes

,to seize, take by force,

catch up. Hence, harpy.^^,, m. earnest.-, , m. andf.

without seam ; from a, not, and.-,

, m andf. not spoken, secret, ineffable; from

a, not, and.-, , m. andf. infirm, sick, sickly; from a, not,

and.% or,, dat.plur., m. andf. a lamb.

',, n. a male; from

£or

,,m., n. ev, male. Hence (from its

strength), ARSENIC.',, m. a topsail.



PAUSING LEXICON. 137, adv. lately, now; air', henceforth, hereafter.

", , .and

for a, ov, even in number, com-

plete, perfect.

"2, , bread, a loaf., f, to prepare ; from.APXH\ , fern, the beginning, first dignity. Hence

words beginning or ending with arch, as ARCH-angel,

ARCH-bishop, mon-ARCH ; archaism, an ancient

form of expression; with ?, ARCHAEO-logical,

belonging to antiquities.-, plur. contr. of-, eco?, m. a chief-priest; from and.

-,, . a ruler of the synagogue; from

and

., , . a ruler of a feast; from and, a dining-room with three couches to

recline on, from and.",

f.

,to rule over; mid.

,f.

,to

begin, be foremost, rule, from; hence

",, . a ruler, an ARCHON.

",/, , to adapt, fit.,, n. an aromatic substance, spice. Hence,

AROMATIC.

-, , . andf. unshaken, immoveable; from a,

not, and.-, , . andf. unquenchable; from a, not, and., , /., to be impious, ungodly commit ; from

a, not, and

., f.lewdness, intemperance; from

%%, eos, . andf wanton, intemperate.

3




-, ,/, weakness; and

-,,/.

,to be weak or sick; and

-, , conlr., . andf.

weak ; from a, not, and.^, , /., to exercise, practise, labour. Hence

ASCETIC.

2(%, , m. a leathern bottle.

'AHIIA'ZOMAIjf., to salute, embrace; hence, 1 aor.part.; and, ov, m. salutation, greeting.

22, So?,/, an ASP.

-,, . cwc?/. irreconcileabie, implacable; from

a, not, and

,a libation, which, is from

., ov, n. Lat. a Roman coin, called an as; farthing.

AH^ON, adv. near, nearer., ov,f.

the city of Assos.

,ov, m. andf.

living in a city, polite, urbane,

beautiful; from

.A%TH, , . a star. Hence, with, ASTRO-

nomy.

-,, ov, . andf.

unsteady; from a, not, and., , . and f. without natural affection, with-

out charity; from a, not, and.-, , f., to miss one's aim ; from a, not, and., f.lightning; from

',/.,to lighten.

AZTT, , n. a city.

-, , m. and f.without understanding; from a,

not, and.




-, , . and f. steady, safe, certain, firm; from

a, not, and

., f. , to look earnestly; from a intensive, and."ATEP, adv. without, in the absence of, devoid of.

-, ,/, dishonour; from a, not, and.-, neut.plur. of

.ATMTX, , f. or

, , m. vapour, air. Hence,

with, a globe, ATMO-sphere.

-, , m. andf. out of place, absurd, injurious,

wrong, wicked, (substantively) harm ; from a, not,

and.

,, f. splendour, daybreak.

, , contr., m. andf.

self-complacent, arro-

gant; from and.'', , m. one who acts on his own autho-

rity (hence, AUTHENTIC) ; hence

,, /.

,to have authority.

, , f., to play on the flute or pipe ; from., , /. a sheepfold, court, mansion. Hence

aulic, belonging to the court of princes., , m. a player on the flute or pipe; from

ATAOs

%, , m. a flute or pipe. Hence, with

,hydr-AULiCS.

'',, or ,/. (from obs.),to cause to increase, (mid.) to increase.

ATJPA, ,/, a gale, a light wind.

AT'PION, adv. to-morrow, (with art.) the morrow.

,a, ov, rough, harsh, crabbed; from

., /em. /, forming its gen. and other cases, as if

from, except the nom. plur., which is regularly

formed from.




, ace.f. contr.for, and

,gen. f. contr.for

;from

.Afco6\for, there; from., dat.plur. contr.for, from.-, , ov, (from and, to be eager),

spontaneous, of its own accord. Hence, auto-

maton.

AT fTO^, , bv, self, himself; with the article, 6, , ,it signifies the same. Hence, with, auto-

crat; with, AUT-opsy; and all words of

similar composition.

,Att. contr.for

,q.v.

,gen.plur. contr.for

,from

.'. , f, to boast., a, bv, squalid, filthy, obscure; from, , m. drought, filthiness; from

AT'&,f., to dry, shout, shine, blow.

', for before an aspirated vowel.

-, , f, to take away; from curb and.-, f, to put out of sight, to destroy, disfigure;

mid. to be astonished, vanish away; from a, not, and.

,S.plur. 1. aor. p. of

.,3. sing. 2. aor. of

.part. 2. aor. of.'%, , m. andf. simple; hence, ^. simplicity., imperat. 2. aor. and

-,f. deliverance, remission; and

, imperat. 2. aor. 2.ptur., and, I. aor., from




-, f., to send away, utter, neglect, permit,

pardon, leave, yield up, let alone; from andr/

.--, , m. and f. not loving good men, or what

is good; from a, not,, and.--, , m. andf. not fond of money; from a,

not,, and

.-,f.

,to seduce, depart, refrain from,

fall away; from and., adv. suddenly, unexpectedly ; from a, not, and.-, 3. sing. l.fut. Att. of

-,/.,Att.

,to separate, set apart, excom-

municate, choose, determine. Hence APHORISM;

from and.-, ,/, means, opportunity; from and.(?2, , . foam. Hence Aphrodite, a name of

Venus.

, , f.Achaia.

, inf. 1. aor. p. of.AXAT S

%, ,/. darkness, blindness." or,, before a vowel or, adv. until,

unto, while, during, within. •

,,

n. chaiF., , n. or,, m. /., wormwood.-, , . andf. without life ; from a, not, and., 1 aor. . subj. 3 plur. of.

, indecl. . or/. Baal., contr.for, dat. sing, of.



142 GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES., , . depth, profundity, immensity; from

^,eta,

,gen. (irreg. comp.

),deep.

,/, (from obs. ), 2. aor. (from

obs.), to go. Hence, with, acro-BAT.1, , n., or, a branch of palm.

BAICfX, , m. andf. little.

BAAA'NTION, , n. a purse, money-bag.

,,f.,

per/, (from obs. or

-\) , to cast, put, rush (Acts 27 : 14) ; mid. to be laid

down, to lie. Hence, pro-BLEM; with , sym-

BOL., f., to baptize, wash, cleanse; from;hence

,, n. BAPTISM, and

, , m. baptism, dipping in water, washing.

,/.-, 2. aor., to dip, immerse, wash., , m. and/ barbarian, that which is

not Greek.

,adv. heavily, with difficulty; from

., , m. Bartholomew., a, m. Barnabas., . contr., n. weight, heaviness (hence,

with, BARO-meter). Hence

,/, , to be heavy, oppress; and

, , , gen., heavy, grievous.

, f.. to torture, afflict, toss; and, , m. torture; from', ,/, torture, proof; properly, BASANITE,

a Lydian stone, used as a test in trying metals.

,acc.plur. contr. of., ,/, a kingdom; and



PARSING LEXICON. 143, nom. and ace. plur. contr., from

BASIAET

S

2,

,and Att.

,in. a king (hence, ba-

silica, originally, a palace; afterwards, a church;

also basilisk). Hence, f. }to reign, govern ; and, , f. a queen.

,€,/. a step, foot, BASIS; from

,, f. ,

to fascinate, mislead. Hence,

through the Latin fascino, fascinate.

',/., to carry, bear, announce, endure.

BA'TO?, , . a bush, bramble-bush, a Heb. measure

of liquids, firkin of nine gallons.

?,, . a frog., f., to turn away with loathing, pro-

perly from a bad smell, abominate; from, f. and, to cause an offensive smell.?, a, ov, firm; hence

,,

f.confirmation,

,, m. and f. profane; properly, where all per-

sons may enter; from., 3. sing. perf. p. of., dat. plur. perf. part, of.plur. contr. of

BE AOX, , n. a weapon, dart. Hence belemnite.

, ?,/. Bethany., indecl.f. Bethlehem.

."?, , . a threshold., ?, n. a step, tribunal, judgment-seat ; from.BH'PTAAO?, , . a beryl, a gem of sea-green colour.

, , f force, violence., , n. a book, scroll; from




,,/, a book. Hence, bible.

%, , m. life, sustenance (hence, with

,Bio-

graphy; with, amphi-Bious). Hence, , bv, appertaining to life, belongiug to this

life.

',/., to injure, 2. aor..,

f.

,2. aor. (from obs.

), to make grow, to bud, spring up; hence, I. aor. part. fern.-, , f. , to calumniate, BLASPHEME;

from and.',/., 2. aor.

,to see, look, look on,

(imperat.) take heed.

, 1 aor. inf. pass, of., ace. plur. of.,/., to shout; hence

, , f.shouting.

., ,/., to aid; hence

, , m. a helper. <, , m. a ditch; hence, , m. a pit, ditch, or well., f., to heave the lead; from.

BO'PBOPOZ, , m. mud, slime.

BOPE'AH, , or

,a, m. the north wind, BOREAS.

, f.(from obs.), to feed; from

(hence, pro-BOSCis). Hence, , f.grass, produce of the earth; from.

Hence, botany.

BO'TPTX,,m. a bunch of grapes.

BOTAW, ,/, counsel, thought., , n. will; from




BOT'AOMAI, 2. sing. Att., /. m.

(from obs.

),to wish, will, intend, direct.

Bovv, ace sing, of .BOTNO'Z, , . a hill.

B0T"2,, m.andf. a bull or cow. Hence, with,BU-colics., , f.

and, to feed.

,gen. plur. of

.^2, £, . a judge, an umpire of games; hence, f., to preside, govern.

BPAAT S

2, eia, , gen. eo? (irreg. comp.), slow,

stupid. Hence, with, BRADY-pus.,, . the arm, the fore-arm, strength.

, adv. briefly; from

BPAXT^X, eta, v, gen. eo?, short, small. Hence, with, BRACHY-graphy.', , to roar, murmur.

',eo?, n. an infant.

', f, perf.p.

,to rain, wet. Hence

em-BROCATION.\, /.thunder.

'', , . a cord, rope, noose.

BPTXn,f., to gnash the teeth.

,f.,

to abound, produce, send forth. Hence,

with ev, em-BEYO., ?, n. food; from',f.

(from obs. ), 2. aor.

(from obs., to eat.

*%, , .the deep, the bottom of the sea.

BTPZA, /9,/, a hide, skin (hence purse); hence

,, dat. contr., . a tanner.




BT'%%0'%, , m. fine linen or cotton.

,/.,to stop, cover.

%, , m. an altar., ;?,/, cancer, mortification, gangrene., , f a Persian word, signifyiug treasure; hence-, , . a treasure; from., generally contr.

,7?}?, /. the earth, land.

Hence, with

,GEO-metry ; with

,GEO

logy; with, GEO-graphy.,, . milk. Hence, galaxy, the milky

way.

,, m. the Galatians.

',,/, a calm.

,, m. a Galilean., , m. a son-in-law., , /., 1. aor. (from obs. ), to

marry (hence, with Lat. bis, twice, bi-GAMY; with

,poly-GAMY, etc.) ; hence

, , m. marriage.

PAlP, cunj. for, whereas, therefore, why.,, and sync,, voc., dat.pl., the belly, womb. Hence, GASTRIC ; and

with, GASTRO-nomy.

PES, an enclitic adv. indeed, at least, yet.

,, , perf. part, syncopated, of., neut. sing. part. perf. p., and, 2.plur. perf. p., and, perf. m. of.', ,

f.hell, a

place of torment.

,,, m. andf.

a neighbour.

, ,/., to laugh.



PARSING LEXICON. 147, f., to fill ; from

',/. , to be full.

, , /. age, generation (hence, with, genea-

logy); and, 2. aor. inf. m.; and,, /. generation, birth, GENESIS ; from.,

neut.plur. contr. of

.,gen. plur. part. 1 . aor. p.}

and

, 3. sing, imperat. 1. aor. p., and, 3. sing, l.fut. m. of; whence, , f., to beget, bring forth, (pass.) be born.

,or

,indecl. f. Gennesaret.

,,f. birth ; from

.,2. aor. m. part, of, whence, , contr., n. race, family, kind.',, m. an old man.,

f., to give to taste.

,, f.

,to cultivate the ground ; from

and. Hence the name, George.

, contr. for., dat. of

%,, n. old age., or

,f. ; I. aor.

pass, (from obs.); 2.aor.m.

,erf. m. (from obs.) ; perf. (from

obs. ), to become, come, exist, be, be done,

be made, come to pass, (1. aor. p.) behave one's

self.

,'^,f. m. (from obs.

),2. aor.

(from obs.), perf., perf.p.-, part. 2. aor., to learn, understand, know.




This word lias an affinity to the English KNOW;

hence, gnostics, pro-GNOSTic.

, , contr., . must, sweet wine ; from^, , , gen. eo?, contr., sweet, pleasant.

Hence, glycerin.', Att.,, f the tongue. Hence, GLOS-

SARY; with

?,poly-GLOTT.

, , m. a fuller; from

,to dress or full

cloth., plur. 2. aor. part, of., , m. darkness.

,f. , per/,

,to make known, reveal,

know; and, . sing, l.fut.p. of; whence,, /. knowledge, doctrine, prudence; and, 3.pi. l.fut., and, 2. pi. 2. aor. imperat.,f.

,to murmur.

TO'HII,, m. a juggler, quack, impostor.

, indecl. Golgotha., indecl. Gomorrha., , m. cargo, merchandise; from.

,eo?, m. a parent; from

.,,n. a knee. Akin to KNEE. Hence, through

the Lat. genu, with, flecto, to bend, GENU-flexion., , a writing, letter, bill, contract, epistle

from (hence, grammar). Hence, eo?, m. a scribe.

^,or

,?,/, an old woman.

, ?,/, writing, scripture; from

, f, to write, write of, paint, describe. Hence,




graphic, en-GRAVE, and all words ending in

-graphy, -graph, -graphic; as, geo-GRAPHY, bio-

graphy, tele-GRAPH, etc, , contr., m. andf.

like or belonging to an

old woman; from ypavs.

or

,, /., perf., to

watch ; from iyprjyopa, Att.perf.

mid.of

iyeipco.

Hence the name Gregory.^, , to exercise; from, , bv, naked. Hence gymnastics ; and,

with, GYMNO-sophist. Hence

,ro<;,f. nudity, nakedness.

,yvvai/cbs, voc.

,f a woman, wife. Hence

with. miso-GYNlST; with, GYNECO-

cracy., a?,/, a corner, angle. Hence dia-GONAL; with, poly-GON; with ef, hexa-GON, etc.

', by apocope for ., indecl. m. David., , n. a heathen god, demon, devil, familiar

spirit; from

,,m. andf a genius, demon, devil.

', f., 2. aor. (from obs. ), to

bite.

A'KPT, , n. a tear. Hence (through the Latin

dacryma or lacryma) lachrymal.

',, m. a finger. Hence DACTYL, a foot

consisting of one long followed by two short sylla-

bles, as the finger consists of one long bone and two

short ones.

3




,, /. a heifer; from

,, or,/. 9 to tame. Hence, with

a neg., a-DAMANT., , . a loan, debt; and, , m. a money-lender, creditor; from

'02, , . a gift.,, f,

to expend., , n. pavement, ground.\ conj. but, moreover, now., part. perf. p. of., 3. sing, erf. p. and

,2. sing. 1. aor.of

.Aet,f.

,impers. it is necessary, must, ought; from

.,, n. an example; from

or, f (from .), to

shew. Hence para-DiGM, apo-DiCTic.

'%, , bv, timid.

,m.f and n. gen., such or such a one.

, , m. andf formidable, severe. Hence, adv. grievously, greatly., 3. sing. fut. of., n. a repast, supper, feast. Hence, with

,DElPNO-sophist.

, indecl. ten. Hence, with, DECA-gon

with?, DECA-logue; with, DEC-ameron.

Hence-, indecl. fifteen; from.

,, ov, tenth; from

.,/ , to take with a bait, entice; from

,, n. a bait.




',f. , to build. Hence, through the Latin do-

mus a house, domicile.

AE'NAPON, ov, n. a tree. Hence, with, rhodo-

DENDRON., 2. sing. 1. aor. imperat., and, 2. pi. 1. aor. imperat., and

,3. sing. I. aor. subj. of

.AEBIA\ , f.

(prob. from ), the right hand.

Hence dexterous. Hence, , , right, as opposed to left., f.m. (from obs. ), to need, ask,

pray; from.AE'PAZ or

, ,n. skin. Hence epi-DERMis.

Hence

, , ov, leathern; and

,/. , to flay, scourge, beat., pi. of.

,f.

,to bind; and

, , f a bundle; and, ov, m. and in plur. also, , n. a chain,

bond; and, , n. a prison; from.AEHnO'Zn,f., to rule. Hence

,, m. a ruler, lord, DESPOT.

AETn

PO, adv.,plur. , hither, here now, come

hither., adv. again, a second time ; from., , m. and f. the first after the second;

from and

, a, ov, second (hence, with, deutero-

nomy); from.



152 GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES., f.

,to take, receive. Hence, with

7ra?, pan-DECTS.

, f and, perf. p., to bind. Hence

dia-DEM.

JH\ adv. indeed, that is to say, now, therefore, doubtless.

,, ov, manifest.

02, , m. the people. Hence, with

,DEMO-cracy ; with , DEM-agogue ; with eVt,

epi-DEMic.

^, adv. for a long time., , n. a Roman coin, silver penny. See

.,2. sing. 1. aor. imperat. of.', by elision for\ prep., with a gen. through, during, after, by, with,

in; with an ace. on account of, for, because of, by,

through. Hence numerous words beginning with

DIA-; as, with

,DIA-Iogue; with

,DIA-

meter; with', DIA-gonal; with

,DIA-

gnosis.

La-, to go across or over. Hence-, 2. aor. inf.

,, m. properly a traducer, an enemy, the

Devil; from

-,to calumniate.

-, to go by or intervene (as time).

-, to carry over, to spend or pass (as time); from

Bta and.-, to transfer, distribute. Hence

-,2. aor. imperat.

La-, , f. a dispensation, testament, covenant

from and.



PARSING LEXICON. 153.-, 3. sing. fut. Att. of

-^, ,to cleanse

thoroughly.

-, to minister, minister unto, hasten. Hence-, a?,/, ministry, service; and-, , m. andf a servant, minister, DEACON.-, to converse; from Sia and, mid. of

(hence dialect). Hence

-,f.

,to think, reason. Hence

-\, oO, m. thought, reasoning.-, f., to call to witness, affirm, ex-

hort, charge, testify.

-), 3 sing. 1. aor. subj. of

-^. , to remain, continue.

-, ?,/, thought, understanding; from.-^., to complete.-, adv. always; from.-, , /. and, to pass over.

-,f.

,to go through, go on, pass over

or by.- or-, to break through, rend

asunder.-, , /., to make known, declare fully and

clearly; from

.-,to shake, disturb, exact by intimidation, spoil.

-, to scatter abroad, utterly discomfit.-, , f difference; from.-, to pervert, corrupt, impede, turn aside.-, f. , to preserve, convey in safety.

-,to disturb, trouble much.

-, to arrange, order, promulgate.-, to preserve, guard, refrain from.




-, , f food; from.-,

f.

,to shine through, dawn; from and

.-, , m. andf. apparent; from.-, to carry through, carry up and down, defer,

publish, separate, differ, excel, carry through., ?,/, teaching, doctrine; and, , m. a teacher; from, f.(from obs. ,), to teach.

Hence didactic., inf. and BiBore, 2. plur. ind. and imperat. of

,f, imperf. iBiBovv (from obs.),

1. aor.

,perf. p.

,2. aor. imperat

,2. aor. inf. Bovvai, to give, pay, grant, teach, enjoin.

Hence anti-DOTE, dose., 3. sing. 1. aor. of.}to go through or across, go abroad., . plur. 1. aor. pass, of

.-,3. sing. 1. aor. p. of.,, m. and

f.having the sea on both sides.-, to pass through, pierce.-, to be separate, intervene, depart from, be

parted, go further.

,, ov, just; and

, , f justice; and, , /., to justify, think or declare just, mid.

be just; and, adv. justly; from

,, f

justice, punishment. Hence syn-Dic., , n. a net.

Ai-o, conj. wherefore, contr. for Bia o.




-, conj. wherefore.

-,conj. because, since.

,neut. pi. contr.for\; from

, ,, or contr., ,, double; from

. Hence, ,/,, to double; hence diploma. Hence

,2. pi. 2. aor. imperat.

2,adv. twice. Hence, with

,Dl-lemma.

-, , . andf.

having two mouths, double-

edged; from.-,/. , to strain through, strain off or out, fil-

ter; from, filth.

,,

f. thirst. Hence

, ,/. }to be athirst; and, , n. thirst., , . pursuit, persecution; from',

f. , to pursue, persecute.

,ace. sing. part. 1. aor.; and

,3. sing, l.fut.p. of .

' or ,/., to observe, expect, think,

judge., , f.(from obs.), seem, seem good,

be thought, be in authority, think. Hence DOGMA.

AOKCf^i, , . a beam.

, ,/,, to deceive; from

'^, , . deceit, artifice, guile., ace. part. 2. aor. of ., , f. opinion, honour, glory, dignity, majesty;

from

.Hence, with

?,DOXO-logy; para-

dox. Hence

, f. , to honour, celebrate, glorify.




, 2. aor. imperat.', and

,2• aor. imperat. 2. pi of

.,^, to be enslaved, serve or be in subjection

to, obey, worship; from^, , m. a slave, servant. Hence, (o,f., to reduce to slavery.

,2. aor. inf ; and

,2. aor. inf. part, of

., , /. entertainment, feast; from.,, m. a serpent, dragon, the devil., 2. aor. part.; from., or Att., f, to seize,

take holdof.

Hence DRASTIC.? ?,/, a drachm, a silver coin of the same

value as the Roman denarius, viz. 7$d. sterling., , . a scythe or sickle; from',, to crop or cut.

',2. pers. or contr. hvvrj,f.m.-

(from the primitive ), to be able, to

have power; hence dynasty, dynamics. Hence, ?,/., plur. contr., power, force, virtue,

ability, mighty work; and, , ov, powerful, able, possible.

,2. plur. l.fut.; and

,3. pi. subj. of., gen. dual, dat., two. Hence DUALITY.

Akin to two.v

£, adv. used only in composition, with difficulty, badly.

Hence, with

,to concoct, DYS-peptic.

-,, m.andf difficult to be borne; from

.



PARSING LEXICON. 157-, , m.andf. difficult to be interpreted;

from

.val, dat. pi. of.•\, ov, m.andf. of a squeamisli stomach, difficult;

from \., , f the going down of the sun, the west;

from

,or

,f.

,2. aor. eBvv (from obs. ), to

enter, put on, go down, sink. Hence en-DUE.

and, 1. and 3. sing. 2. aor. subj. of.-, indecl. twelve; and-, , ov, twelfth; from and.,

2. sing. 2. aor. subj.; and

,^.; and

€, 2. pi. 2. aor. subj. of .

, conj. if, though, -soever. It is joined with the

subj. and opt., and sometimes with the indicative.

,gen. fern, of', dat., etc., or, etc., in all genders,

as. It is compounded of or eo, of himself,

and. It is used for all persons, in the pi. sig-

nifying ourselves, yourselves, themselves; but in the

sing, it is usually only of the 3. pers. (although

sometimes of the second, as in Luke xiii. 34, thee)-,

the 1. pers. being expressed by, and the

second by, of himself. , unto

their own home.

,, f.

,perf. eta/ca, \.aor.

,to permit, let

alone, leave.




", , ov, seventh (hence hebdomadal); from

.", 2. «or. of., 1. sing, and 3. pi. imperf. contr. of-., 3. sing. 1. aor. p. of.., 1. aor. pass, of

., /. , Att. , to approach, impend, assist;

from., 77?,/. a pledge, bail, promise. Hence

', , m. a surety.

'ETTTX, adv.j comp. or

,super!,

,ear.

', f, to excite, arouse, raise, restore; mid.

to rise., 3. s%. 2. aor. m. ; and', 1. jo/. 1. «or. jt>.; and

,2. aor.m. of

.,3. sing.fut. ; and

, \. aor. part. p.; and', 1. «o?\ imperat. p. of., 1. «or. m. 3. 5m^. of., 2. sing. 2. «or. /.,

f ,to engraft; from

.-,, f.m., to put on a garment

which is to be tied, to be clothed with; from

and., 3. sing. 2. aor.; and

',3. pi. 2. «or.

of

.-, f., to anoint.




\ gen. or, dat. or, ace. or,pi.

€,gen.

,dat.

,ace.

. ,, and ,, are enclitics. I. Hence egotism.

', €, n. ground, soil, pavement; from., 1. aor. p.; and, 3. siVi0r. imperf. contr. of Sec.

"jESetfe, 3. si/i^/. 1. «or. of

.,3. sm^. 1. «or. of ., 3. /?/. imperf Bosotic for iBoXiovv ; from., , ov, firm, steadfast; from.", 1. «or. 3. plur. of

."EZOMAI, 2. /.

,to sit. Hence, with,

,cath-EDRAL.

or 6ek(u,f. or (from ofo. e#e-

or), to wish, will., 3. jp£. 2. «or. m.; and

",3. siwo. 2. «or. m. of

.", pi. contr. of.', pi. contr. of

"02, , contr. , n. a nation, people, {plur.)

Gentiles. Hence heathen ; with?, ETHNO-logy.

" OH, eo?, n. a custom or right.

, conj. if, whether, since, although, that. (In oaths),

not (Hebraism).

El, 2. sing, of., 1. aor. 3 sing, of., 3. sing. 2. aor. of.

,sync, for

,inf. perf of

, , f. (a form of ), perf. for,to know. Hence




,2. plur. subj. ; and

ElSov, 2. aor.; and

, plur. per/, part., f m £, 2. aor. sometimes , to see,

know. Hence idea; and, prefixing the digamma,

the Latin video, whence yision, etc. Akin (with

the digamma) to wit.

,, n. an image, likeness, IDOL ; from ei-.-, , n. a thing offered to an idol ; from

and ei&coXov. Whence

-Xarpeia, , f. idol-worship, IDOLATRY; from

.Hence

-, , m. an idolater., ov, n. an IDOL or image ; from., opt. 2. sing, of.EVKIT, adv. rashly, vainly, without sufficient cause.

or (before a vowel)

,indccl. twenty.

,/. , to be like, to yield. Hence, ?, /. an image. Hence, with, ICONO-

clast., f., to roll, collect. Hence iliac.

',,/, the heat or light of the sun.

,Att. for

,perf. of

., ,/, sincerity; from and, being,

as it were, found pure when viewed in sunshine., imper/. /£'., , n. a dress, garment, cloak, clothing; from

., eh or el, ,, eare, elal, imperat. or

eao, opt. eXrtv, subj. , inf. elvat, part, , imperf.




, 3. sing, Att.,/. m.

,3. sing,, plup.

.An enclitic in the whole of the pres. ind.

(except the 2. sing.), including the form. To

be; from obs. eft), to be., 2. sing, eh or el, pi., ire, , imperf.,2. aor. . To go; from obs. .

,inf. of

., 1. aor. imperat. 2. pL of.Et-irep, conj. if, if at least, if indeed.

Eiirrj, 2. aor. subj. 3. sm^. ; and, 2. aor.-, and, 2. aor. part, of.

-,conj. if, if by any means, if at all., 3. plur. 1. aor. m. of

.perf Att. of.', , f. peace (hence the name Irene);

hence

j

,, bv, peaceful.

,,

n. wool.

', f. ipco, to bind, to say, ask, announce.% or e?, prep, in, into, unto, for, on, upon, at, con-

cerning, among, to, for, towards, against, by (in

swearing). Hence esoteric.

,, , gen.

,,etc., one, first. Hence hyp-

HEN, from > for. Akin to ONE.

-6, 3. pi., inf., plup. m. ehyeiv, to

enter.-, 3. sing.f. m. of

'j

-,to enter.

I

-yei, 3. sing. plup. of

.or elaiv, 3. pi. of.-, to leap or spring into.

p 3



162 GREEK BOOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.

-,to come in, enter into., 3. pi. plup. of

.ETTA, adv. then, moreover.

-6, conj. and if, whether, or.

El-, imperf. 3. sing, of., imperf. 3. pi. contr. of."

before a consonant, but before a vowel, prep, from

or out of, on account of, by, of, after, with, on.

Hence several compound words beginning with ec

or ex: as, with, EC-stasy; with, Ex-

orcise.

,imperf. 3. sing,

of

.EKAZT02, ;, ov, each.

'EKATO^N, indecl. a hundred (hence, with /Sou?,

HECATOM-b). Hence-, , m. a centurion or commander of 100

men; from

.-,to go or come from.

-}, 2. aor. subj. 3. sing, of-, to cast out, put forth. Hence

-, subj. 2. aor.-, part. 1 . fut. mid. of.-yova,

,n. offspring, descendants, grandchildren;

from.-, to spend wholly, consume. Hence-, 1. fut. pass.-,, f. vengeance, punishment; from.-, to strip, take off, go out of.

,adv. there, thither, yonder, then ; and

, adv. thence, there; from

N02, , ov, he, she, it, that, such.



PAUSING LEXICON. 163

', l.aor. 3. sing, of

.-,ov, m. and /. amazed, struck with wonder;

from.-\, to break off.-, , f.an assembly, a church, congregation

(hence ECCLESIASTIC) ; from.-,

to cut off, cut down, prevent.

-\, to forget utterly.

-\<, to select, distinguish, have pleasure in

from.-, to fail, cease, be deficient. Hence ECLIPSE., 3. pi. 1. aor. p. of

.~,, ov, chosen, elect, excellent; from

.-, 2. plur. perf. pass, of~., 3. sing., and 2. plur. 1. aor. pass, of.-, imperat. 2. sing. mid. of

-,to loosen, debilitate; mid. to be weary, faint.

-, to wipe off, dry.

*-, adv. of old, formerly.-, to fall from, fall away, lose, fail, fall on.-, to depart from, to go out of.

-,f.

,to be lewd, commit fornication;

from

.', 1. aor. 3. sing., from."-, ?, /. astonishment, trance ; from.-, to stretch out, let down or cast out (as an

anchor), lay hands on., adv. comp. from

,more intently.

, 3. sing. 1. aor. m.from., to expose, tell, explain.




-, to shake off, shake.

", , , sixth; from .

, adv. out of, without, except, besides; from .-, to flee, escape.

-, to put forth, shoot out, produce.- or-, to pour out; from or.

,,bv, gen.

,willing, voluntary.

,2. aor./\., 3. sing. 2. aor./\., ,/, an olive-tree or its fruit. Hence, ov, n. OIL (properly from the olive).

,1. aor. 3. sing.

/or

.',f (from obs. ), perf. p.

,to drive, row. Hence ELASTIC.', a, ov, light., , ov, least, very small ; superlative of

^, , (irreg. comp. or),little.

<?), 3. sing. 1. aor. p. subj. of', f. , to convince, convict, refute, rebuke,

chastise, discover., f., to pity, favour, have mercy, have mercy

on; mid. to obtain pardon or mercy; and

,, m. andf pitiful, merciful (hence elee-

mosynary, and, by contraction, ALMS); from%. , contr., n. pity, mercy., ?,/, freedom; from, a, ov, free.

,3. pi. 1. aor.

/., , ov, made of ivory ; from,, m. an ELEPHANT.



PARSING LEXICON. 165, 3. sing. plup. Att. redupl. ; and

},3. sing. 2. aor. subj.; and

', jo/wr. 2. «or. jo«r/. ; and, 2. aor. part.; and, 2. aor. inf. of.3. plur. 1. aor. pass, ofXiQa^us., indecl.f. Elisabeth.

", neut. pi. contr. of

", , n. a wound, sore, ulcer.

"EAKHJ. , to draw.

", , m. a Greek, mythologically derived from

Hellen, son of Deucalion. Hence Hellenism, a

Greek idiom.

,/. ,to hope, hope for; from

2, /'?,/. hope, expectation whether of good or

evil, confidence., dat, ace., of myself; from

or and.-

,to enter or get into.

-, to dip in, immerse.

, 2. aor. part, of-.-,, f.m., to groan against,

groan, be filled with sorrow or indignation, charge

strictly, rebuke; from

.,ace. of.", 3. sing , and 1. plur. 1. aor. of., S.pt. 1 . aor. m. of.1. aor. inf. of2, ,/., to vomit (hence emetic); also, by

prefixing the digamma, v-omit.

, indecl. m. Emmor., dat.; and




, gen. of.

,gen. of

.-), 3. sing, subj., and-, part. 2. aor. of.\ or or, f, to

fill, bestow largely; from \, to fill; from?.

-,to fall into.

"-, adv. before, in presence of; from eV and

., prep, in, with, within, into, to, among, by, at. on,

through, according to, concerning; (with inf.) as,

while, when. It appears in compounds, in the forms

en- and em-: as, with

,EN-ergy; with

-, EM-blem.

', neut.}and era, ace. of eU.-, , m. and f living in the sea, marine ; from

'-,adv. in the presence of, opposite to.

,a, ov, opposite, contrary, hostile; from.-, eo9, m. and f. deficient, indigent, poor ; from

oVft>, to want.-, to shew, display, make manifest, declare,

perform. Hence

-, ?, f manifestation, declaration, evidence,

token, proof. ! >-, , ov, eleventh ; from ev and.-, to put on clothes, clothe oneself in ; from I

or.

-,ov, m. and f. glorious, pure; from

.-,, n. raiment, a cloak; from- or iv-, to array, clothe, endue, supply.



PARSING LEXICON. 167-, 3. sing. 1. aor. m. of.,

to roll up in.

-€,, to be in.

" or eve/cev, adv. on account of., 2. sing. I. aor. p. from ey.Ev-epyw, , /. , to work, effectually work; from

epyov.

Ev-epyfc,, contr., m. andf.

efficient, ENERGETIC,

effectual; from epyov.

'EveretXaro, 3. sing. 1. aor. m. of., adv. here. Hence

-Be, here, hither; from Be, used as an enclitic parti-

cle denoting motion to a place.

-, €0)?, /. thought, ingenuity; from., dat. of eh.

"Evl, by Syncope for eveari, from em/u., , m. a year; from eVo?.

-,to stand by or near, impend, be present.

", , ov, ninth; from

\ indecl. nine.

Evvehs, , m. andf. dumb, quasi ; from a, not,

and."Ev-voca, as,f. thought, intention; from.".

See .-, (Ojf., to dwell in, inhabit; from.', gen. of eh., , m. a year. Hence the Lat. annus, from

which ANNUAL.

", , m. and f liable, obnoxious or subject to,

guilty; from

,to be bound.-, to charge, command, enjoin.




,adv. hence. From, Here, and 6ev, an ad-

verbial particle signifying motion from a place.

-, , f a command, precept, commandment, in-

junction; from.adv. within; from ev.

'-, , m. andf.

trembling, terrified ; from

.-,, /., to live luxuriously or riotously

;

from.-\, f. , to wrap up; from, to wrap

up as a pillow; from, which sometimes signi-

fies a pillow.

",3. sing. 1. aor. of

.,3. pi. 1. aor. of., 3. sing. 1. aor. of.-, adv. in the presence of, before, towards; from

ev and.,

prep. See

.', indecl. six (by the common change of the aspirate

into ) ; hence with, HEXA-meter ; also

several other words beginning with HEX-.

-, to lead out.

-,to ask, demand, require to be delivered up.

-,adv. suddenly, unexpectedly; from

.', , a, six hundred; and, indecl. sixty; from .-,/. , to complete, spend time; from.", 3. sing, l.fut. of."-,

to go forth or out of; from and

., 1. aor. m. of., 3. pi. f m. ; and




\\, perf. m. 2. pi. of

,,, . vomit; from

.-, to go or come out of, come or go forth.

-, it is permissible or lawful; from and ,3. sing, of.^, l.aor.of.,

3. sing. 1 . aor. of

.,3. sing. 1. aor. p. of

., 3. sing. 1. aor.; and, 3. sing. 1. aor. p. of., part, perf p. of., adv. successively, following in order, next.

^,3. sing. 1. aor. m. of

., inf. of.-, ov,f. going forth, EXODUS; from ?., part. neut. of.-, to dig out, pluck out, break up.

-, ,/. permission, authority, power; from ef-

. Hence-, f. , to have power over; pass, to be

brought under the power of.

",, 3. sing. X.fut.ofiyoa.

-,, f eminence; from

.,adv. out, out of, without; from . Hence exo-

teric.

", adv. from without, outside; from and ,an adverbial particle signifying motion from a

place.

",3. sing. perf. m. Att. of

.,, a feast.

\ for.Q




-, , f an annunciation, promise; from

-,to announce, undertake, promise, profess.

-^, f. . to strive earnestly ; from.-,/. , to collect, assemble, crowd together;

from eVl and.-,

, m. praise, commendation. Hence EPENETic.

-, to raise up, elevate, lift up ; from and.,, adv. (with subj) when; from eirei and av., 2. pi. 2. aor. imperat. of

--, to bring back, return, put off (a ship) from

shore., 1. pi. 1. aor. m. of., adv. to-morrow.--, adv. in the very act (properly of theft)

from,, and.

,3. sing. 1. aor. m.

of

'.7€6<, 3. sing. plup. pass, of'.-, to arouse or excite against., 3. pi. 1. aor. of., adv. and conj. when, after, since. -Hence-, conj. since, because.

*-€, to come to, succeed, follow ; from

., 3. pi. 1. aor. p. of.-€, then, afterwards, next, secondly., 3. sing. 1. aor. p. from.1. aor. mid. inf. of

--,to clothe in addition; pass, to be clothed

upon.-, to come to or upon, succeed.




-, to ask, inquire, question, require, consult,

askafter.

Hence

-, , n. a question, answer, promise, en-

gagement., 3. plur. 1. aor.; and, 2. aor. of.

,2. aor. of.3. pi. I. aor. of

.',f., to injure, ill-treat, use contume-

liously, calumniate., imperf. contr. of. ., prep, governing the gen., dat. and ace. in different

significations. With all of them it may signify, at,

over, to, on, upon, in, before, of, about ; with gen.

and dat. above ; with gen. and ace. into ; with dat.

and ace. toward, against, for, unto, after, with.

With a gen. alone, it signifies in the time of; with a

dat. alone, under ; with an ccc. alone, among, because

of. Hence numerous words beginning with EPI-

or EP-: as, with, EPl-gram; with,Pi-lepsy., 3. sing. 1. aor. of.

-,to cast, throw, or put upon, seize, under-

take, belong to, rush.

-, f., to put upon, cause to ascend; from

eVl and, to put up; from.-,f., to marry a wife (particularly a

brother's widow); from

.-, , m. andf earthly; from

.-, to know or become acquainted with, un-

derstand, acknowledge, perceive. Hence




<, fern. 2. aor. part.; and

,3. sing. 2. aor. subj.

-,/.,to give, give in addition.

, dat. pi. for ; and

,, ace. contr. of-, , contr., m. and.f just, moderate, mild;

from

,to yield.

-,to seek after, require, demand.

, 2. aor. part. ; and, 2. aor. imperat. ; and, 3. pi. l.fut. of., to desire, covet; from. Whence

-,?,/, desire.

-, ?,/, aid; from., S.plur. 1. aor. p. of.2. aor. m. part, of-, to take hold of, catch.

-\,to forget. Hence, ace. perf p. part.

-, , f. , to bear testimony ; from.-,, f., to take care, to be dili-

gent about; from \. Hence

-,adv. carefully, accurately, anxiously.

-, to remain.), fern. dat. part. 2. aor. of.-, to fall to or on, rush on, lean against, press.-, , /., to long for, yearn after ; from

.-, to visit, regard favourably. Hence

episcopal, bishop (see).




-, 2. sing.), to understand, know, re-

member; from

., 3. pL; and

, 2. pi. of.-, /. , to send, write to. Hence epistle.

}, 3. sing. subj. 2. aor. of.-,

f , to stop the mouth, silence; from

.-, to turn, convert, be converted, return.

Hence), 3. sing. subj. 1 . aor.--, to collect, congregate.

-,f.

,to heap up; from

.,, m. and

f. fit, convenient, needful ; from^, eo?, m. and f.fit, adapted to, neces-

sary., Ion. for,, 3. pi. of

-,to put or lay on, add, afflict, (mid. with dat.)

', f., to rebuke, caution, diminish, restrain;

from.-, to commit, permit.-^, to light upon, find, attain.

-,to bring upon, inflict, bring in addition.

-, ,/., to shout against, shout, raise a

clamour.-, to pour on or in.-, to furnish.

;

-,to anoint.

|

,3. sing. 1. aor. p. of.j

-, to bring a ship to land, run aground.

Q 3




-, , m. and f. heavenly, divine, perfect;

from

., 3. plur. 1. aor. pass, of or.\ indecl. seven (hence, with, HEPT-archy;

akin to seven, the aspirate being, as is common,

changed 'into ). Hence

-,at, a, seven thousand.

,3. sing. 2. aor. of

., 1. aor., 2. aor., to say, speak, tell.

Hence, a word, tale, song; whence EPIC., 3. pi. 1. aor. of.EPA, ,/, the earth. Akin to EARTH.

,(found only in compounds) to pour out.

,f, to work, work for, trade, be em-

ployed in, perform, gain by labour; and, } /, work, business, gain acquired by labour

and

', ,m. a workman, artificer, one who performs

anything; from', , n. a work, business, duty, zeal. Hence

en-ERGY, ex-ERGUE ; with, public (from

\), lit-URGY.

'^, , to provoke, irritate; from

,defect, to provoke or excite to anger.

, 3. sing, l.fut. of.'EPEI'Anj. , to fix firmly.

3, 2. sing, l.fut. of.

,fern. part. 1. aor. of.

',defect, to row., f, to belch, vomit, utter ear-

nestly, boil up. Hence, through the Latin eructo,

ERUCTATION.



PARSING LEXICON. 175!, , . redness (properly that of blushing).,co,f.

,to search, investigate.

, , f. solitude, a desert; from!, , f.a desert. Hence eeemite, or, by

corruption, hermit., , n. wool; from.2,

, ace. or

,strife, contention, discord.

,, m. a kid, goat.

', f., to interpret, explain (hence HERME-

neutic); from', 609, m. an interpreter; from ',Mercury, the god of eloquence and chemistry

whence hermetical.

, 3. plur. l.fut. of el., , n. a creeping thing, reptile; from

,/,, to creep. Hence serpent, hy the com-

mon change of the aspirate into 9.,1. aor. p. of

.3. sing. 1. aor. of., 3. pi. 1. aor. of., 2. pi. per/, of.', a, bv, red; from., f m.

,2. aor.

,contr. for

(from obs. ), to come, go. Hence

pros-ELYTE., 1 . fut. of€., ,/., to ask, implore.

, Attic for ek.

,3. sing. 1. aor. of

., 1 . fut. inf. ; and, 2. sing, l.fut. of.



176 GREEK BOOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES., ,/. clothing, apparel; from (see ).

2defect, to eat.

, 1 . pi. ; and', l.fut. 3. plur. of."-, , n. a looking-glass or mirror; from oV-.', part. perf. pass, of

., ?,/, the evening; from

"%%, , m. the evening, Venus as the evening i

star; but she is called- (from) as'.

the morning star. Hence VESPERS, by changing '

the aspirate into the digamma.

",3. sing, l.fut. sync; and

, 2. pi; and eWe, 2. plur. imperat., of.", 3. sing. 2. aor.; and", 1. «or. /., 3. sm^. ^?er/. jo. 0/,

S.

.2. cor.

of

., or, 3. s%. of.", 1. «or. 3. sing, of., perf. p. part. neut. ; and", 3. pi. 1. aor. of., imperat. 3. sing, of.

,perf. part, contr. acc.pl. of

., 2. aor. p. 2. sing, of., , ov, last, uttermost.

', 2. aor. of,', 3. sing. 1. aor. pass, of,',

f.

,to examine, inquire.

^!, ov, m. a companion, friend.

, 3. sing. 1. aor. of.



PARSING LEXICON. 177, 1. aor.p. of.

,3. sing. 1. aor.

of

\."ETEPOH, a, ov, other, another, new, different. Hence,

with, HETERO-geneous; with, HETERO-

dox. Akin to other.

", pi. contr. of.", adv. still, yet, more, any more, any longer, even

(Luke i. 15), over and above.

, f., to prepare, make ready; from"

, , ov, ready, prepared.

"ETO'S,, contr., n. a year.

, adv. well, well done ! from . Hence, with,EU-charist.

-^, f., to bring good tidings, preach the

Gospel; and

Ev-ayyeXiov, ov, n. glad tidings, the Gospel (hence

evangelist) ; from., ,

f.

fair weather; from and

,gen. of

, Jupiter, the air.-, to be of good reputation, be well pleased with,

think well of.

ET'Aflyf. (from obs.), to sleep.

,ace. fern., and

,ace. pi. Jem., of.

-, , m. andf.

fit, grateful, useful ; from tl-

., adv. immediately; and, f , to make straight, direct, correct; from^, , , straight, right. Hence

,adv. straightway, immediately., adv. [comp. from , adapted to la-

bour, which is from), more easily.



178 GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.-,, f., to be easily laid hold of,

be cautious or afraid, be devout; from

.v-Xoyea), , f., to speak well of, address kindly,

celebrate, give thanks, bless; from?. Hence

-Xoyla, , f.blessing, praise, celebration, benefit.

ETNH\ , f.a couch or bed.

,,, /. Eunice.

,, . a EUNUCH; from and.-, , m. and

f.easily to be persuaded, obedient;

from.--, , . andf.

easily besetting; from.-, , f. elegance, beauty, grace; from

.--, , . andf.

assiduous, fixed to, (neut. as

sub&t. assiduousness); from., 3. sing, l.aor.p.; and, 3. sing. 1. aor. subj. p.; and

,3. sing. 2. aor. subj.; and

,2. plur, l.fut.;

and

, 2. sing. 1. aor. subj., of, f.., 2. aor., 1. aor. p.-

(from obs.) , to find, meet, know.

,3. plur. opt. 2. aor. of

.-,, . Euroclydon, the name of a tem-

pestuous wind from the east ; from and, the south-east wind.

ETPTZ, eta, , broad, wide. Hence-, , . andf.

covering a broad space; from

.*%, , . and f.good, brave.

-} , f.piety, religion; and




-, , / , to reverence, worship, do one's

duty; from

.-,, m. and f.becoming, comely, decent, of

good repute ; from and, habit ; from

.-, , m. andf of good report; from.

-,f., to exhilarate, delight (mid. be joyful);

from

.Hence

-, , f gladness.-, , /. , to give thanks; from.Hence-, , . and

f.thankful, grateful. Hence

EUCHARIST.

, ,/. prayer, vow, wish; from

ET'XOMAI,f., to wish, pray, implore., , f.

a banquet, banqueting.

}\ by apocope for iirl before an aspirated vowel.

,3. pi. 2. aor. p. of

.,1. aor. . 3. sing, of

.perf. part. ace. contr. of., , . a finder, contriver ; from eVl and., 3. sing. 2. aor. of.-,

f

,to stop, come suddenly upon,

approach, impend, be at hand, be pressing, be in-

stant; from and.', 3. plur. 1. aor. of.

,3. plur. 1. aor. of.

3. sing. 2. aor. of

., 1. aor. p. of., 2. aor. pass, of.




02, , ». hatred. Hence

',a, bv (irreg. corny,

),hostile, hateful,

odious; as subst., an enemy.

', , f.a viper ; from

"EXI2, or €05, m. a viper.

'EXTPO'Z, , m. and/, well fortified, firm, safe.

',f.

,2. aor.

,imperat. 2. aor. (from

obs.), to have, hold, keep, have in one's power;

(with adv. or words indicating duration), to be

part. mid., as adj. next.

", the root of et/u,/. m., to be.

*,f., the root of, to clothe; and ofuqpi, to

send being formed by prefixing the improper

reduplication., 3. sing. Att. per/, of.', adv. (frequently with av), while, until, unto, as far

as, so much as; from .

, , 2. sing. Att. }, 3. sing. Att. , f., to live.

, , m. Zebedee., , bv, hot, boiling, fervid, zealous; from., eo5, n. & yoke, a pair; from, or

,f.

,2. aor. p.

(from obs. ), to join. Hence

, , f.a band or chain.

ZET^X,, voc. , m. Jupiter., f., to boil, be fervent. Hence probably

,, m. zeal, emulation, jealousy. Hence

,, f.

,to emulate, follow zealously, be fond

of, covet zealously or jealously, be zealous or jealous,

envy. Hence



PARSING LEXICON. 181, , m. a warm partisan, a zealot.

,,/, injury, loss, fine, punishment. Hence

,, f., to injure, fine, lose.

Zrjv, inf. Att. (for ), of., , f., to seek.

ZIZA'NION, , n. the plant darnel or cockle, tares.', , m. darkness.

ZT'MH, , f. leaven, ferment ; hence zymotic, a

term applied to certain diseases. Hence, , f., to leaven.

, w,f life; and

, part, contr. from.

, , f a girdle, cincture, ZONE; from

or, f.m. (from the primitive

), to bind, gird.

or, , n. {contr. for ), an animal (hence

ZODIAC ; with ?, zoo-logy) ; and

-,,f,

to quicken or make alive ; from

., fern, of the art. 6

;forms its oblique cases as if from

, but the nom. plur. is formed regularly.

*H, conj. either, or, whether, than,• except. It often be-

gins a sentence as a mark of interrogation.

*H, 3. sing, imperf. ; and

fi,3. sing. subj. of.

, dat.fem. of."Hyayov, 2. aor. (Att. redupl.) of ay.

/,3. sing. 1. aor.of

., part. perf. p. plur. of.^, 3. sing. I. aor. of.

R




"Hyeipe, 3. sing. 1. aor. of.,,/.

,to lead, judge; with ace,

count; with gen., have the rule over; part, as subst.,

governor. Hence ex-EGETiCAL.

'Hyvoovv, imperf. contr. of.'Hyopaaav, . pi. I. aor.; and

'Hyopaaas, 2. sing. 1. aor. of

.€, plup. contr. Att. of.J, adv. now, already.

(/8, most or very gladly; super!, neut. plur. of,taken adverbially.

8, ?,/, pleasure; from

2, ,v, sweet. Hence

,, n. garden mint; from oft»., 3. sing, imperf. ; and, 1. «or. of\., 3. pi. 1 . «or. of.

",plur. contr. of

02, eo9, ft. custom, manner. Hence ethics., 2. plur. contr. imperf. of.3. pi. 1. «or. of., 3. sm^. imperf, contr. of.I. aor.; and

,3. sm^. 1. aor. p. of

,, f. , to come., 3. sztzo. imperf. p. of., 3. szViO. imperf of.#, 2. «or. /.

,f. age, stature, life, maturity; probably

from

02, , ov, how great.




"HAIOH, ov, m. the sun. Hence HELIACAL ; with

,HELlO-trope.

,3. sing, imperf. of

., ov, m. a nail., per/, inf. of.', 2. sing. 2. aor. of.properly the perf p. of, to place or set down),

to sit.

', ace. plur., and, nom. plur., /.", 3. sing, imperf. Att. of.', , f a day, time. Hence ep-HEMERAL., ov, m. andf. bland, mild, kind.

,a, ov, our, ours; from

., dat. pi. of€."2%,, , half. Hence, with, a ball or

sphere, HEMi-sphere; also the prefix semi-, as in

SEMi-diameter, etc., by the ordinary change of the

aspirate breathing into 9•

,3. sing. 1. aor. of., part. perf. p. neut. of.gen. plur. of.

!HV, imperf. 1. pers. of, also 3. sing, imperf. Att. for .

*Hv, ace. fern, of.

,3. sing. 1. aor.; and

, 3. sing. 1. aor. p. of., adv. when., 3. sing. 1. aor.; and

,3. sing. 1. aor. p. of., plur. perf part, of

.", 3. sing. fut. of., 3. sing, imperf. contr. of.




02, , m. andf.

placid, gentle, meek.

,1. sing, and 3. plur. imperf. contr. of

.r fipe, 1. aor. 3. sing, of., 3. sing. 1. aor. of., , . andf. tranquil, mild.

", 3. sing. 1. aor. p. of ., 1. aor. m. of

.,3. sing, imperf. contr. of

.3. sing. 1. aor. m. of., 2. aor. p. 3. sing, of., part. perf. p. of.

,, m. Herod.

,gen. sing, fern of.', , . Esaias., 3. plur. imperf. of., imperf. of., 3. pi. 1. aor. of.

f.

,to be quiet, rest, be silent; and

', , f.quiet, rest, silence, tranquillity; from

''H2TX0H, , m. and f. quiet.

*, 2. plur. subj. of., fern, of., 3. plur. 1. aor. of

., , less, worse. The neut. is used

adverbially, signifying less, worse., pi. 1. aor. of\., 3. sing. 1. aor. of., &,f, to sound, roar; from

"HX02, , m. sound. Hence e'-cho, less properly

pronounced ech'-o; also, cat-ECHiZE.", 3. plur., and, 3. sing. 1. aor. m., of-.




2,;?,/, the sea.

',/.,to flourish, thrive. Hence the name

of the Muse, Thalia.

' , f. }to warm, cherish, nurse, brood over., ,/,, to be amazed; from

'!, , contr., n. amazement.

,, m. death; from

.Hence, with ,eu-THANASlA.

, f., 2. aor., to bury. Hence epi-

TAPH., , f., to be of good cheer, be confident;

from

', , n. courage, confidence.

,, n. wonder, a Wondrous thing ; from, f. , to wonder, wonder at, admire.

Hence

,a, ov, wonderful.,,

f.

,to observe, behold! Hence

THEATRE., , n. sulphur. From , being used in reli-

gious purifications.,, n. wish, will, purpose; from

or

,f.

.See

.,, n. a foundation; and

, , m. a foundation, fundamental doctrine; and, , f., to found or lay the foundation of,

establish; from

,, n. a foundation.

,2. aor. m. 'part, of

.'%, or, f.law, Themis, the goddess of

justice.

R 3




,gen. 2. aor. part,

of

.(%, ov, m. God, a god (hence THEO-logy, theo-

crac)r, etc., theist, a-THEiST). Hence-, plur. contr. of-, , m. and

f.impious, irreligious, a hater of

God; from

.,f. , to serve, worship, cure, heal (hence

therapeutics); from,, m. a minister, helper.^, , to reap, pass the summer, cut off; and

,, m. the harvest; and

,, m. a reaper; and

^,, to warm, mid. warm one's-self; and, , f.heat (hence, with, THERMO-

• meter); and, , n. summer, harvest; from

'/2,/. , to warm.

', , m. a law.

, , f., to witness, see, contemplate (hence

theory) ; and, , f.contemplation, meditation, a spectacle;

from

.,,

to suck, give milk or suck; from

\ , f the nipple of the breast.

,, , female..

HP, , n. a beast. Hence, , n. a beast, wild beast.

(?, ,m. a treasure.

/2,/. , to touch.

or,, m. or f. a heap, the sea-shore., , f, to break, bruise, shake.




,f. , to press, afflict, confine, crowd on,

{part. per/, pass, as adj.) narrow. Hence

, ?, f. pressure, oppression, tribulation, afflic-

tion.',f. m., 2. aor. (from obs.

), perf. (from obs. ), to die.

0PTBOH, ov, m. a disturbance, noise, uproar, sedi-

tion.

,/. , to break down, bruise.,f., to set; mid, to sit., m., defect, to shout tumultously.

~02, of, m., and , n., lamentation. Hence,

with ?), THREN-ody.

, ,/, religion, also superstitious ceremonies;

from, f.-, to worship, to use superstitious

ceremonies in worship.

,fut.

,to triumph; from

!, ov, m. triumph.,, dat.plur., the hair., , f., to make a noise; mid. to be troubled;

from.

',ov, m. a drop, a " gout" or clot of blood.

,ov, m. a seat, THRONE, potentate; from

., f. , to break (properly, into small frag-

ments), to shatter.',, or sync,, a daughter. Akin to

DAUGHTER.

,, f. a tempest.

, , ov, of an aromatic tree called; from,as being used in sacrifices. Whence




,, . incense; and, , n. a censer for burning incense.

', , m. wrath, the mind. Hence en-THYMEME,

a syllogism of which one premiss (the major) is sup-

pressed, as being present to the mind.

', ,/. & gate, door (akin to dook). Hence

,, m. a stone placed as a door, a shield of an

oblong form like a door; and, /?,/. a small door, a window; and-, ov, m. and /. & doorkeeper ; from, or

.

,,/, sacrifice; from

.,1. aor. imperat. /., / , to sacrifice, rage, slay. Hence thyme,

used to burn in sacrifices.

, 2. aor. subj./.\,/. a fine.

,a, m. Thomas.

',, m. the breast, a breastplate, armour for

the breast and back.

, 1. aor. p. in/. 0/.,

indecl. m. Jacob.

', , m. James.

",, n. a cure, remedy; from,,/, to cure, heal. Hence, in/. 1 . aor. m.", ,/. a jasper stone.

,imperat., IBetv, inf., and

,part., 2. aor. of €8.

"IAI02, a, ov, proper, one's own (generally with a poss.

pron. referring to the subject of the verb), private;




, apart; (adv.), severally; with,due season. Hence IDIOM; with

,mix-

ing together, iDio-syncrasy ; also idiot, originally

a private person, one of the mob, and hence igno-

rant, foolish., adv. behold; but properly, the imperat. 2. aor.

m. of€.

",eo?, . sweat. Hence

,, m. sweat.

, 2. aor. subj. of.,, m. a priest; and, , . a temple, sacrifice, altar; from

'IEPOy

l!, a, bv, sacred, divine, holy. Hence, with

, HiER-archy; with \, to carve, HIERO-

glyphics.', ^?,/., or', neut. plur., gen., or', inded.f.

Jerusalem.

f/

IZn,f. , to set down.

", f.,1. aor.

,2. aor. , imperat. 2. aor. e?,

inf. 2. aor., 1. aor. p., perf.. To send;

from eo>.

%0 2, gen. dat. and voc., ace., m.

Jesus.

0'2, , bv, worthy, sufficient, well adapted to,

a good many, considerable.

'IKMAH,, f. humour, moisture.,^.., 2. aor. . (from

obs. ), to come.

,or

,to propitiate, atone ; mid.

to pardon, make reconciliation for.

"2,, m. a thong, a shoe-latchet.



190 GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES., , m. a garment, cloak ; and

,,. a coat, garment, clothing; from el

/,clothing, from eco or eVvu/w.,/. € , to desire.

", conj. in order that, {with subj.) to (the sign of the

inf.), , lest.

-, adv. why? (literally, in order that what [may re-

sult]?); from

,interrog.

'10^2j , . an arrow, poison (since arrows were some-

times poisoned) , rust or canker., ?,/. Judsea., , . a Jew.

,, . Judas, Jude.

"!, , . a horse. Hence, with

,2. aor.

of, HiPPO-drome; with, Phil-IP, i.e.

a lover of horses. I,

2, 8, f the rainbow, Iris.

!, adv. equally; from

.,, indecl. . Isaac.', 1. plur. by sync,, to know. Hence his-

tory; and, by aphasresis, STORY., , . Iscariot.

"1%02, , ov, equal, like (hence, with, ISO-;

chronous; with

,iSO-sceles). Hence

-, , . of like honour, price, or value; from

,, indecl. . Israel.

"IXTHMI, f, to stand, stand up, place, set, set

up, weigh, (of blood) to stanch. Hence STATICS;

with, hydro-STATlCS ; apo-STASY. Akin to

STAND.



PARSING LEXICON. 191:

!

\, , bv, strong, firm; from

jTXXr%

,strength.

,, m. a fish. Hence ICHTHYO-Iogy.

\*IXNO%, , . a trace, footstep. Hence, with,iCHNO-graphy ; ichneumon, an animal which traces

the eggs of the crocodile.

, root of, q. v.

,, . John.

!, a, . Jonas., , . Joses.

, indecl. . Joseph.

~, indecl. n. the letter . Hence, a small mark, a

least or minutest part, a JOT.

Kayo», for .\ by apocope for.-, €, /. pulling down, destruction, subver-

sion; from

-}

to take or pull down, destroy, overturn;

from, and., to cleanse, purge (hence cathartic);

from and.-, to join, fasten on; from and.^, ,

to cleanse, purify; and

, , bv, clean, pure, innocent (hence the name

Catharine, by corruption Catherine); and,, purity, cleanness; from., part. 2. aor. of.,

f.

,to sleep; from and ei

/or €.




-, to sit down, sit; from, and. Hence

,a seat ; whence cathedral, a bishop's

seat.-, 3. sing. 1. aor. of., to set or sit down, place; from, and.-, adv. according as, as, even as ; from and

.

,conj. and, both.

, a, m. Caiaphas.

, , bv, new, fresh.

KAIPCfZ, , m. occasion, opportunity, time, season.

-TOL, adv. although, yet. Hence

--ye, adv. although, indeed.

, f., 1. aor. , to set on fire, burn.

Hence caustic.

KaKeWev,for ., for .

,, f. evil, vice, malice, affliction ; from

.Whence

-, , f depravity of manners or disposition,

malignity; from.-, to do evil, to injure; from

KAKO^, , bv (irreg. comparatives,, ', -

,and ; irreg. superl.,

),evil, wicked (hence, with -, CAC-hexy). Hence

, to oppress, ill-treat; from. The comes

from-, by the usual crasis of oe into ., , /., to ill-treat, exasperate ; from.

,adv. badly, ill; from

., , m. a reed, a pen.



PARSING LEXICON. 193, 1 . aor. part, of

,

, fand

,perf.

,to call.

Hence calends. Akin to call.

KaXbv, , n. a good or beautiful thing ; from

2, , bv (irreg.comp.), beautiful, good,

goodly, honest. Hence, with, CALi-graphy

with

,CAL I-sthenics.

,,

n. a covering, veil ; from

,/,, 2. aor., to cover, conceal.

Hence apo-CALYPSE., adv. well, justly, fairly; from.02, , m. orf. a camel.

KA'MINOX, , m. or f. a furnace. Hence chimney.

,by sync, for-, f., to shut the eyes.',

f., to labour, be fatigued, exhausted, or

sick., /or fcal.

',/.,to bind.

, for , even if, and if.

^,, m. a rule, measure, CANON., indecl.f. Capernaum., f, to corrupt, adulterate; from

'

,, . a dealer in goods, an innkeeper,

one who vends adulterated or bad wine.

2, , . smoke.

, , f. the heart, mind, spirit. Hence peri-

CARDIUM.

KA'PHNON, , n. the head, a summit.

, , .fruit.

,, . Carpus, a man's name.-, co,f., to bring forth fruit; and

S




-, , m. and f.fruitful; from anc

.,eo?, . chaff or any small thing, a splinter, mote,

or small dry twig; from, f., to dry., for.KATA S

,prep. ; with gen. and ace, by, on, througl

throughout, as touching; with gen. only, against

down; with ace. only, according to, over against

after, after the manner of, in, concerning, at, to,

into, as, before, among, with; as distributive, ever]

in every, in divers. Hence numerous words begin-

ning with CATA-, CAT-, and CATH-: as, with?,CATA-logue.-, to come or go down. Hence- as, 2.aor part.-,, f. , to bring down, compel to coi

down; from

.-\,, f. a casting down or out, laying the foui

dation, the beginning; from.-, fut., to announce, declare.-, fut. 9Att., to break up or ii

twain.

-,to bring down, come to land, touch at.

-', f., to conquer; from anc.-£, to bind down, to dress a wound.-, to burn, burn up.

-,to cover or veil.

-,inf. 1. aor.; and

-, I. fut. 3. sing, of.




-, to lie down, recline at table.

-,f,

to cast down a precipitous place,

precipitate; from

., to condemn, punish.-, f. , to get the mastery, exercise lord-

ship over; from.-\\

} ov, m. andf. an evil-speaker, reviler, calum-

niator; from

.-\, to apprehend, surprise, acquire, overtake,

secure, receive, understand. Hence CATALEPSY.-,, n. a remnant; from-, to leave behind, forsake, neglect, reserve.

Hence

,2. aor. part.-, to dissolve, overturn, demolish, destroy, make

void, unloose, lodge., 2. aor. 2. pi. of

-,to learn, contemplate.

-, to remain/ abide.

-, , /. , to render torpid, benumb, be

slothful or burdensome ; from.Kara-vevco,/., to beckon, make signals.-, , /., to come up, arrive, attain; from

.-, ?,/. rest, dwelling; from.-,, n. a veil, curtain; from.2. aor. subj. 3. sing, of-, to drink up, swallow up, overwhelm, destroy.

;

-,to fall down.

-, , /., to fatigue or exhaust by labour,

afflict; from.



196 GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.-,f., to drown or sink in the sea; from

.-, , /. cursing, curse, imprecation, damnation,

one liable to punishment ; from , and .Hence-,, f., to curse, execrate.

-,f. , to build, adorn, prepare ; from

€.-, , f., to pitch a tent, build a nest,

lodge; and, nom. plur. contr.; from-,, f. pitching a tent, a tent, dwelling,

nest; from

.-, , f.letting down or lowering, a long robe

from.-, , f. overthrow, destruction, desolation,

CATASTROPHE; from.-,

to put down, deposit; mid. confer.

-/, to devour, eat up, take eagerly, spend.

-, to overpower, oppress, vote against; pass.

and mid. sink down., S.plur. 2.fut. pass, of

-,to corrupt, utterly corrupt, destroy.

-,,/.

,to kiss; from \.-, to have the mind against one, despise,

disregard.-, f., to pour down or out.-, , m.andf. subterranean, infernal; from

.-, to cool, refresh.

, 3. pi. Att. 1. aor.; and




,3. sing, l.fut. Att. of

,to break up.

,3. sing, imperf, and

,S.plur. 2.

aor., of

,3. sing. 1. aor. of.3. sing. Att. 1. aor. p. of.2. aor. of.

,3. sing. 2. aor. p.

of

.2. aor. of

.1. aor. part, of., adv. before the face of, in presence of, be-

fore.

-,f., to exercise authority over, have

in one's power; from and

.-, f., to work, work out, effect, per-

petrate, practise, exhibit, create; from.-, to devour.

-, to keep down, hold, retain, hinder, seize, possess,

remember, bind, withhold, bring a ship to land.

, 3. pi. 1. aor. m. of

.1. plur. 1. aor. of., , /., to inhabit, abide, dwell; from.',

adv. down, downward, beneath : e&>?

,to

the bottom;

,under.

, ,/,, to kindle, burn; from -, whence,, m. heat, a hot wind.,, f., to boast, glory, praise,

exult.

,f. m.

,to lie, be laid, laid up, placed,

situate, or established. Hence cemetery (see

).s 3




,1 . aor. m. inf. ; and

,3. sing. 1. aor. m. imperat. of

.Keipiai, , f.funeral garments or bandages; from.,,, perf., to shear, clip, cut off., 3. sing, of.

,dat. part. perf. p. of.

,dat. part. perf. of

., pL part, perf p. of

.neut. pL part. perf. p. of.,f. , perf. p., to order, exhort;

from

,or

,f.

(as if from), to

command, recommend.

KENO s

%, , bv (irreg. comp.), void, empty,

useless, false, foolish; , in vain. Hence,

with, CENO-taph.

,, /., to prick or sting (hence, with

,CEN-taur). Hence

, , n. a sting, point, goad. Hence CENTRE., , f, dimin. of, a little horn, a fine point,

anything very minute, a tittle., , bv, made of potter's clay, earthen ; from

',,

m. potter's clay, tiling.

or

,f (from obs. -

), to mix, pour in or out. Hence CRASIS; and,

with and, idiosyn-CRASY.', ?, n. a horn. Hence, with piv, the nose,

rhino-CEROS.

,f m. (from obs.

),to gain,

avoid; from

KE'PAOS, , contr., n. gain.



PAESING LEXICON. 199,, . a small piece of money ; from.,

, f. a head, chief, chapter. Hence ce-

phalic., , m. (the Lat. census in Greek letters) a census,

numbering of the people, taxation, tribute.

KH~IIOH, , . a garden.

,o?, /. fate, generally adverse fate.

!

,, n. a honeycomb ; from

. KHP(?2, , . wax. Hence cerate.

KH'PTB, /co?, . a herald. Hence, f. , to proclaim, preach, exhort, declare.

KITTOX, eo?, contr., a whale or other leviathan of

the deep. Hence sperma-CETi.

, a, . Cephas, a Hebrew name equivalent to

Peter.

,(£, , . an ark, chest.', ?, /. a harp or other stringed instrument

(hence guitar). Hence

-, , . a harper accompanying himself with

the voice ; from ?, a singer, contr. for,from. See., , . danger.

,, f.

,to move.

',, n. cinnamon.

, , m. a branch., f., to weep.,, n. & fragment; from.

,, . weeping; from

;whence

,2.plur. 1. aor. imperat.

, , f., to break., f. , per/, p., to shut (hence,




through the Lat. claustrum, cloister); also, to

celebrate. Hence

,, contr., . glory., , . a thief; from,/,, to steal. Hence, with, cleps-

ydra.

,neut. part. 1. aor. p. of

.-, ,/,, to obtain by lot, inherit, possess,

take; and-, , /. inheritance ; and-, , . an heir, possessor, partaker; from

and

02, , . a lot, portion, heritage, the Church.

Hence clergy, being accounted the lot or inherit-

ance of the Lord ; also clerk.

AN02, , . an oven.,, a couch, bed (hence clinical); from

Nfl} /. , to recline, incline, decline, bend, put to

flight. Hence en-CLlTiC ; with, hetero-

CLITE ; also, through the Latin, in-CLlNE ; and

other words of that ending., , . the agitation of the sea, a billow,

surge; and, /.,to roll as the sea, fluctuate

from

,/., to wash, cleanse., pi. part, contr. /.', /., to card or comb wool, dress or full

cloth.

', , also or, defect, to cleave, scrape,

tickle. Hence




, f., to rub, tickle, excite titillation.

,,

/. the belly, the womb ; from

,hollow.

, ,/., to lull; mid. to fall asleep; from. Hence CEMETERY, properly ccemetery.

2, , m. andf.

common, unclean, profane

(hence epi-CENE ; with, CENO-bite). Hence

,, to communicate, desecrate, defile; mid. pro-

nounce or consider unclean ; and, , f.participation, communion, society, fel-

lowship, alms.

,, f. a bed, bedchamber, communication,

marriage, conception, lewdness;

,to be-

come pregnant.

, , ov, dyed crimson or scarlet; from

KO'KKOZ, ov, m. a grain or seed, the grain of the

holm-oak, used for dyeing red.

,/, ,to punish.

,,/, flattery, obsequiousness; from

KO'AAa,, m. a flatterer, parasite.,/., to strike, dig out.,, f.punishment, torment; from.

,f., to buffet, give a slap in the face ; from

\.KO', , f.glue (hence, with, proto-COL),

Hence, ,/., to glue together, join; pass, to cleave

unto, adhere, attach oneself to.

KOAAOT'PION, ,n. a kind of medicine, eye-

salve., , m. sl money-changer; from



202 GEEEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.

002, , m. a kind of brass money having the

image ofan

ox.

,, /. , to contract, shorten, amputate;

from, /. , to shorten, truncate. Hence, with, the COL-ures.

,, . food., , m. the bosom, a bay. Akin to gulf.

', ,/., to dive, swim., ,/, to have long hair; from.KO'MBOH, , m. a knot, an ornament.2, , /., to take care of, care about, nourish.

,,

/. the hair. Hence COMET.,/,, Att. , act. to bring; mid. receive, reco-

ver, obtain as a reward ; from. Hence, pi. part. 1. fut. m. Att., , m. handsome. Hence, adv. comp. better ; with

,to begin to

amend.

, ,/,, to hasten, minister to.

,-, , . dust; from and

KO'NIZ, eo?, /. dust.

,, /, to labour, be weary with labour, to

toil; from

, , labour ; with, to molest ; from., ,/, filth, ordure; from', , /. ordure. Hence, with, COPRO^

lite, the fossil dung of antediluvian animals.

,/, to cut, strike ; mid. bewail. Hence

apo-COPE, syn-COPE, and (perhaps) COPSE.




KO'PAZ, , . a raven. Akin to CROAK, crow.

,, . a damsel; from

,a youth.

KOPE'NNTMI,f.

(from obs.), to satiate,

fill, have one's fill. Hence, pi. part. 1. aor. p., ,/., to sweep, sweep out.

,, . a youth; from (the Athenian youth

shortening the hair on becoming citizens); also, a

shoot, twig, broom., , m. a Hebrew dry measure called a cor., , f. , to set in order, adorn, prepare,

honour, trim (a lamp); and

,a, ov, or , . and/, orderly, modest, becom-

ing; from.-,, . a ruler of the world; from-and.

KO'XMOX, , m. order, ornament, the world. Hence,

with

,COSMO-gony; with

,COSMO-

polite; hence also COSMETIC.

, f. , to lighten ; from, , andf. light (not heavy).', , . a basket. Hence coffin.

KPA'BBATOZ, , . a small bed.

,/, , to cry out.

', , /. excess in eating and drinking,

revelling., , n. a skull ; from. Hence, with

?, CRANIO-logy.

,neut. part. 1 . aor. of

.,, n. a border, hem ; from eh,to hang to the ground.




,, f., to subdue, seize, lay hold on, hold

fast, observe, keep, govern, adhere to, hinder, re-

tain; from

, eo?, n. strength. Hence words ending in

-crat and -cracy ; as, auto-CRAT, aristo-CRACY,

theo-CRACY, demo-CRACY, etc.

,,

/. crying out, clamour, wailing, supplica-

tion; from

.Kpea, neut. pi. contr. of

KPEAX,, contr. gen. and , flesh., or Att.,, comp. of., , /., pass, (as if from -), to hang.

KPHMNO^H, , m. a steep place, precipice., , f.Crete.'

, , f.barley. Hence, , ov, made of barley.

,,n. distinction, judgment, accusation, CRIME,

condemnation, decree, punishment; from.KPI'NON, , m. a lily., f. , to divide, discriminate, decide, judge,

reproach, condemn, punish, resolve ; mid. and pass.

to enter into a judicial contest with, go to law.

Hence

, ,/. distinction, judgment, CRISIS, condemna-

tion, punishment; and, , m. a judge, ruler; and

,, ov, capable of discerning or judging. Hence

CRITIC.

, f., perf. p.

,to knock.

KPTOZ, n. cold, frost.




KPT,/., 2.0O7•., to hide. Hence apo-

CRYPHA, CRYPT., , . ice, CRYSTAL; from.,, f., per/, p., to ac-

quire, procure, gain, possess, keep.,/. evo), perf., to kill.

,neut.pl., contr. of

KTH'NO%, eo5, n. an animal, beast, (plur.) flocks, cattle,

swine.,, . a possessor; from., f. , to create, regenerate; hence, €, /. creation, a creature.

,contr.for

., , f. a game at dice, inconstancy, cheating, craft;

from., €, f.government, a governor ; from, , f., to govern.

KTBO%,

, .a die, a CUBE.

,adv. around; from

KT'KAOX, , . a circle (hence CYCLE; with ,CYCL-ops); hence, adverbially for , round about.

,, n. rolling, wallowing; from

^., to roll. Hence cylinder.

,, . andf., or , bv, lame, maimed, crippled.

KTn

MA,, n, a wave,, , n. a CYMBAL; from

KTMBO'X, , . a hollow. Hence, perhaps, cata-

COMB.KT MINON, , n. cumin, an aromatic plant., plur. of.




,/, to bend, stoop.

,, m. of Cyrene.

, , m. a lord, master, The Lord; in the voc. Sir

(hence, The Lord's House; whence kirk,

church). Hence, ,/. lordship, dominion; from

KT~PO%> 60?, n. power, authority.

or

, /. and

,to light upon,

fall in with., part. 1. aor. of.', /, to be pregnant, conceive, kiss. Hence,

with, the sea, hal-CYON.

,, . and f.a dog, a shameless person.

Hence cynic~, , n. a member, limb, one of the lower in-

testines. Hence colic.

,/, , to restrain, prevent, dissuade, forbid.

',,/, a

village,town.

~, , . revelling. Hence CoMUS ; and, with

aoihrj, a song, cOM-edy. But, according to some,

the first syllable of com-edy is derived from;

comedy having been, originally, a village-song.',,

. or/ a gnat. Hence canopy, by

corruption for conopy, properly a screen to keep off

insects, such as a mosquito-net.

0^2, , . and/, or , bv, deaf; also, dumb, since

dumbness is a consequence of deafness.

,gen.

,. ace. Xdav, a stone. Hence

(Xafa?=) Lat. lapis, a stone; whence lapidary.

, 2. aor. in/ and~, 2. aor. part, of.



PARSING LEXICON. 207, f, 2. aor., perf Alt.

(from obs.

); also fut. m. (from

obs.), perf. m. or 2. perf. (from obs.

); to obtain by lot, cast lots, win, obtain,

acquire. Hence Lachesis, one of the Parcae, whose

office was to arrange the lots of mankind.

,, m. Lazarus.

,,f. a whirlwind, tempest.

, see.^. , to kick against; from., ,/., to speak, speak of, relate, announce,

utter; hence

,?,/,

speech, loquacity., f .

,2. aor.

, perf. Att.

(from obs.), to take, receive. See., aSos,f. a torch, LAMP; and, a, ov, shining, splendid, resplendent; and

,adv. splendidly, sumptuously; from

,f.,

to shine, enlighten.

, or, f ., 2. aor. eXaOov (from

obs.) , to be hid, to escape the notice of. With

a participle of another verb, unawares. Hence Lethe,

the fabled river of Oblivion; with, idle,

LETH-argy.

AA^E, adv. with the heel.

, , . of Laodicea.

AAOx

%, ov, . the people. Hence LAITY., ?, . the throat, windpipe, larynx.

-,f

,to hew or cut stone, cut out of stone;

from and

.



208 GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.,f., to be a slave to, worship, offer sacrifice,

adore, serve (hence, with

,ido-LATRY) ; from

AA'TPI^, , m. a slave.,f., to dig; hence, ov, n. a plant or herb., dat.plur. 2. aor. of\<.

,, defect, to wish for, covet.

AA'fl, defect, to see, enjoy.

, f. , 2. aor., perf. m., to say,

speak, speak of, call, mean, select, gather, lay down,

lie down. Hence dia-LECT; and the Latin lego,

with its derivatives, lecture, etc.

,a<s,f. prey.

02, a. ov, smooth.

, f., to pour out, pour out a libation.,, to leave, fail, be wanting. Hence, with

iv, el-LiPSis, el-LiFSE.

/f , to lick.

Aeirh, ?, /. a scale, bark, crust, scab (hence, with

irrepov, LEPiDO-ptera, an order of insects) ; from

\., a<;,f. LEPROSY; from, ov, m. andf rough from the falling of scales,

scabby, leprous; subst. a leper.

AeiTTov, ov, n. a mite, the smallest Jewish coin, less than

half a farthing ; from

AETITOH, ov, m. andf. slender, small.',f., to strip off bark or scales.

,/.,to whiten; hence

Aevtcavai, \. aor. inf.; from

, , ov, white.



PARSING LEXICON. 209,, m. a LION.

,,or

,,/., to creak, sound,

resound (properly said of inanimate things), burst

asunder.

(?2, ov, m. a wine press.

AH"POX, ov, m. trifles, vanities, mockery, absurdity.

,,

m. a robber; from Xeia.

,3. plur.fut.m. from

.adv. exceedingly, very, very much., ace. of.ANOX, ov, . frankincense.

,/. , to stone; from.-,

, f.,to cast stones, to stone ; from

and, ov, m. a stone. Hence, with, litho-

graphy; with, aero-LlTE., , f., to winnow, scatter, reduce to powder,

destroy; fromAIKMCTI!, ov, . a winnowing-fan.

AIMWN,, . a port, haven., , f.a pool, lake.

AIM0^2, ov, . hunger, famine.

,ov, . Linus, a man's name.

,ov, m. flax, linen, a wick, a linen garment.

, a, ov, fat, sumptuous; from

02, €, n. fat, grease., ,/, a pound.

,, . the South-west wind ; from, to

pour (from its moisture).

, /, to reckon, reason, infer, consider,

value, invent; and

3




Aoyiov, ov, n. an oracle, revelation; and

,ov, m. a word, speech, declaration, discourse, ac-

count. The Word, reason (hence LOGIC ; with

0eo?, theo-LOGY; with, philo-LOGY ; and,

with, t?%

ue, etymo-LOGY ; also many other

words of that termination); from.

,,

/. a spearhead, spear; from\<,to reach.

Akin to lance.

, , /., to revile, rebuke ; and, ,/, abusive language, reviling; from, ov, m. a reviler.

,ov, m. plague, pestilence, a mischievous or

pestilent fellow.

, , bv, remaining, the rest ; , hence-

forward, thenceforward, as for what remains; from

Xeiirai., f., to wash, purify. Hence, through the

Lat. ab-luo, ab-LUTiON.

02, ov, m. a wolf., f., to ravage, make havoc; from', , /. insult, outrage, destruction., , /., to grieve, afflict, cause sorrow ; from

',,/, sorrow.

'^, ov, m. a lamp, candle. Hence link (a torch).

, /. , to loose, dissolve, relax, deliver, dismiss,

infringe, violate, destroy, declare lawful. Hence

para-LYSiS, or pa-LSY. Akin to LOOSE. See .',, /. Lois, a woman's name.

,indecl. m. Lot., , /. Magdalene.




MA'TOX, , . one of the Magi, a wise man, philoso-

pher; also, in a bad sense, a wizard, sorcerer. Hence

MAGICIAN.

MAZO s

%, , . sl nipple, the breast. Hence, with a

neg. A-mazons, who were fabled to cut off the right

breast, in order to discharge their arrows more con-

veniently.

,2. pi. 2. aor. of

;whence

, , . a disciple. .,f., to be mad. Hence maniac., , . andf. happy; hence

,a, ov, happy, blessed.

,, . a Macedonian.

,adv. far off; from; hence

, adv. from afar, far off; and-, , f., to be longsuffering, patient, to

wait patiently; from; hence

-, ,f.

longsuffering, patience, clemency,

expectation.

, , ov, long, far; from.MA'AA, adv. [comp., superl.), exceed-

ingly, very.

,, bv, soft, effeminate; from

'%%, f ,to soften. Hence, from

,oftened substance, amalgamate., superl. of, very much, chiefly, especially., comp. of, more, rather.

MA'MMH, , f. a grandmother.

'^. .

,2. aor. (from obs.

), to learn. Hence MATHEMATICS., ?,/, madness (hence Maniac); from.




MA'NNA, indecL n. manna.,/

,to consult or utter an oracle, to

divine; from', €, m. andf. a soothsayer. Hence, with, necro-MANCY: with, chiro-MANCY, etc.', , m. an emerald. See./

, to cause to wither; mid. to wither,

perish. Hence, with a neg., a-MARANTH.

', , n. a pearl; hence, , m. a pearl. Hence the name Margaret., ,/. Martha., ,/. Mary.

,bided, f. Mariam, Mary.

,, m. Marcus or Mark.

,/, to shine., , n. MARBLE ; from, white, which

is from.A'PTTP or

,, m. and/, a witness, martyr;

hence

, , /, to witness, bear witness; pass.

(sometimes) be well reported of; and, ,/ testimony; and, /, to call as a witness, protest, so-

lemnly urge.

or

,,/, to chew, mas-

ticate, bite (hence mastich); from

MA'SHfl, / , to bruise, bray in a mortar ; also, to

wipe.

MA"%TIU, 70?, /. a whip, scourge, disease, affliction.

,, m. the mother's breast; from

., a, ov, vain; from




MA'THN, adv. in vain.

,,

m. Matthew.

,,/, a sword; from,/, .^ obs.), to fight., f., to desire eagerly, attempt, strive

after. See.e, ace. of.

,neut. of

;whence

-, , f., to boast, be proud ; from., fern, and, gen. sing, of ; whence, adv. greatly.2,,, gen. m. and neut., ace.

m. {irreg. comp.

,,irreg. superl.

), great (hence o-MEGA, that is the long 6;

with, MEGA-therium). Hence, , . great men, lords.

', by apocope, before an aspirate, for; whence

-,f. , to interpret; from

., f.

drunkenness; from

.-, , f.artifice, deceit, circumvention; from, to contrive, which is from and 6.', indecl. n. wine (hence, with a neg., a-METHYST,

a stone supposed to preserve from intoxication)

- hence

, f. , to be drunken.,, m. andf, n. ov, comp. of, greater., inf. 1. aor. of., or, f., perf.p., to divide,

obtain

bylot or destiny.

Fromthe per/, mid.

-comes, destiny, death ; whence (through

the Latin mors) mortal.



214 GREEK EOOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.

ME'AAIZ, aiva, av, gen., -,- ; black.

Hence, with

,MELAN-choly.

','f.(from obs.), and perf. m.-, it is a care. Hence, ,/,, to meditate., , n. honey (hence Lat. mel, whence, with

fluo, to flow, MELLi-fluous) ; hence

,, f.

a bee ; and

, , m. andf.

belonging to bees or honey.

, 2. pi. l.fut. and, gen.'sing. part, of',f. (from obs.), to be about,

be about to be, hesitate, delay, design.

,,

n. a limb, member, song. Hence, with

, MEL-ody.

, ?7?,/. parchment; from the Lat. membrana., . pi. perf. p. and, dat. pi. part.perf. p. Att.for.ace. part. perf. p. of

., f.,

to complain, blame.

ME^N, conj. followed by , indeed, it is true, firstly;

or , then indeed;, yea or

nay rather.

',/. , to remain, await, abide, dwell.

,pi. contr. of

., , f. care, anxiety. Hence

, , f., to take thought for, care for, be

anxious for., ,/. a part, portion; from.

,,

m. separation, distribution; from

, , n. a part, portion, course, piece, connexion,

craft; from.




Meao-vvKTLOv1, . midnight ; from and

ME'XOZ,,

ov, middle. Hence, with

,Meso

potamia, the country between the Euphrates and

the Tigris.

MEZTO'Z, , ov, full; hence, , f., to fill.

Mer, by apocope for

,prep., with a gen. with, in aid of, by means of,

against ; among, towards ; with an ace. after, behind,

within. In composition it frequently signifies change.

Hence many words beginning with meta-, met-

or METH- ; as, with, META-phor.

-,to pass on, remove, depart.

-, to change.-, to lead from one place to another, turn round

from and.-, to share, impart, contribute, bestow.

Mera-fcwecu, to remove, change; mid. to fall away from,

waver.

-, to partake of, obtain.-, , /., to change the mind, repent, feel

remorse; from.

,adv. and prep, between, meanwhile; from.

-,to transfer, go from one place to another,

pervert, abuse, change.

-, 3. sing. 2. aor. of€-., f , to be elevated or elated ; mid. to be in

a state of suspense or fluctuation ; from,ov, m. andf. aloft. Hence meteor.

-, , m. a participator, partner; from, with,

and.




Merpea), co,f., to measure; from

ME'TPON,

,n. a measure. Hence metre; with

7?},

geo-METRY ; with , sym-METRY ; also other

words of that termination.-, , n. the forehead; from., adv. until, unto; see.MHX

, adv. not, no, lest, whether? -ye, if not indeed,

but truly, otherwise; -Se, neither, nor, not even;

eav, except, but; , in no wise.

--, adv. by no means, not so ; from and.-eh,,, etc., as eh, no one, none, no,

nothing; from and eh.

-, adv. not yet; compounded of and the en-

clitic rr.--, adv. no longer, no more, from and en ;

being inserted to prevent an hiatus, as in the forma-

tion of--eTi, from and eri.

%,eo?, n. length; hence

, f. , to lengthen ; mid. to grow.", , n. a sheep; hence

\, , f.a sheepskin.

MH y

N, 0?, m. a month, the day of the new moon. Akin

to MOON and MONTH.MH^N or , conj. verily.

,/., to indicate, shew, signify, declare.

Mrj-wore, adv. never, lest, lest at any time, lest by any

means, whether at all?

,, m. a thigh.

-re, conj. neither, nor.




MH'THP,, and by sync,, a mother.

Hence, with

,METRO-polis. Akin to MOTHER.

-, adv. whether at all? is it not? from

-, interrog. pron. whether (does, or is,) any one ?

from., yen. of., fern, and, dat.fem. of.

,/.,to pollute; hence

,, m. pollution, impurity. Hence MIASMA.,, n. mixture; from, f ; 2. aor. (from obs. ),

to mix.

'^, a, ov {irreg. comp.

,;irreg. superl.

, ), little. Hence, with

,MiCRO-scope ; with, MiCRO-cosm ; hence

also o-micron, i. e. the short ., , n. a mile, from the Lat. milliare.

MIME'OAI, , fut.

,to imitate. Hence

mimic ; with

,panto

-., , f., to hate; from.^^, , m. hire, wages, reward.

%0%, , n. hatred. Hence, with, Mis-

anthropy.

MNA*, , contr.for

, ,f. a mina, an Athenian

coin containing 100 drachmae, &nd equivalent to

£3 As. 7d.; or, according to others, £\ Is. 3d. sterl.,

according as the is valued at 7-%d. or 9fd.,^., I. aor. p., perf.

p.

,to remember, also to seek in marriage,

have a desire for. Hence, with a neg. a-MNESTY

hence

U



218 GREEK EOOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.,, n. a tomb, sepulchre; and

,, n. a sepulchre; and

^, , to remember, mention., part. fern. 1 . aor. pass, of,/., to woo, to ask in marriage; pass, to be

betrothed or espoused; from.oyis, adv. with difficulty, scarcely; from

MO'TO'Z or

\, , . labour, sorrow.

Mol, end. dat. of., ?, /. an adulteress, adultery ; also, adjectively,

adulterous, faithless; and, f., to commit adultery ; from

MOIX(?%, ,m. an adulterer.

, adv. with difficulty, scarcely; see *.?.

MOAT'Nn,f. , to pollute, defile, contaminate., adv. only; from

M0N02, , ov, alone, only. Hence MONK, MONAS-

TERY (by corruption, minster); with

,MON-

arch; with

,MONO-poly ; with

,MONO-

gram ; also many other words beginning with

MONO-.\ ?,/, form. Hence meta-MORPHOSis.

M0'2X02, , . andf. a calf.

,enclitic, gen. of

.MOT~HA, 77?,/. a song, a muse, music; hence

, ov, . andf. or , bv, musical ; also, substan-

tively, a musician.

'^, , . labour, travail, painfulness., , . marrow.

~, , . word, speech, tradition, fable. Hence

MYTH; with?, MYTHO-logy.



PARSING LEXICON. 219, ,/,, to low or bellow.

MTKTKP, o?,

.a nostril; hence

,/. , to sneer, deride, turn up the nose at.

, ,/, a mill; hence, , . a mill, millstone; and,, a millhouse.

MTPTOX, , . and f. infinite (hence myriad); hence

,, a, ten thousand.

MT'PON, , n. a fragrant ointment, made with juice

from the tree which produces MYRRH.

MTS2,f., to shut, compress. Hence, to initiate;

whence mystery.

,, . a weal, arising from the stroke of a

whip, stripe; bruise, wound, anguish.

, ; or, , /., to

censure; from

"02, , m. a spot, blemish, infamy, blame, abuse,

derision. Hence Momus, the name of a heathen

deity.

, ,/, folly; from', a, bv, foolish, insipid.

or,, or, or, ,77i. Moses.

, , . a Nazarene., adv. yea, truly.

NAO'%, , . a temple.', ,/, spikenard, oil of spikenard.

NA'PKH, ,/. numbness, torpor, the torpedo, cramp-

fish or electric eel, gymnotus. Hence narcotic.




Nav-ar/eco, ,/,, to make or suffer shipwreck; from

/u, to break, and

~%,, ace. vavv, a ship. Hence NAUSEA, pro-

perly sea-sickness; also nautical, navy.

Neavias, ov, m. a young man; and, , m. a youth; from.

02,,n. quarrelling, contention., a, bv, dead. Hence, with

,NECRO-

mancy; with, NECRO-polis.',f. , to distribute, assign, possess, cultivate,

feed, administer, rule. Hence Nemesis, the heathen

goddess of Retribution.

2,a, ov, new, young. Hence, with ?, NEO-

logy; with, a plant, NEO-phyte.

NEOZZCfH, ov, m. the young of birds, a chicken., f. , to nod, assent., ,/, a cloud; from

02, ,n. a cloud, multitude.

(?,, m. a kidney; pi. the reins, secret thoughts

or desires.

NE'f2,f. and, to swim, go, spin, heap up.

Necurepoi,, pi. comp. of.NH\ adv. used in affirmative oaths, by. In composition,

not.

,/., to spin; from.02, , m. an infant; adj. ignorant.

NH~HO%, ov, m. an island. Hence, with *\$, Poly-

NESIA ; hence also Pelopon-NESUS, the island or

peninsula of Pelops.

,, f.

fasting, a fast ; from




NH~2TI2, , m. and f. hungry;

probably from

and

;hence

, f., to fast.

',/., to be sober., , f., to conquer. Hence, with ,Nicolas (less properly Nicholas) ; i. e. the victory of

the people.

,, m. Nicodemus., , n. victory; from.,/. } to wash the hands or other parts of the

body.

002, ov, m. andf.

spurious; subst. a bastard.

,,/, pasturing, pasture, enjoyment, waste; from

. Hence nomadic, i. e. wandering about for

pasture., , ov, legal ; subst. a lawyer, interpreter of the

law; and

,adv. legally; from

NO' 02, ov, m. law. Hence, with, deutero-

NOMT; with, astro-NOMY ; hence also several

other words of that ending.

002, , contr., , the mind, spirit, meaning,

intention.

NO'202, , f.disease. Hence, with?, NOSO-logy,

the classification of diseases., , f.a brood ; from.

'2, adv. apart; hence, f.

,to isolate or set apart, remove ; mick

purloin, keep back for oneself, retain unlawfully.

N0T02, , m. the southwind, the south.-, , f., to admonish ; from and

u 3



222 GREEK EOOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.

,see.

,gen. of.', , f. a bride, daughter-in-law, nymph;

hence, , m. a bridegroom.

NT~N, adv. now.

NT,,f. night. Hence, through the Latin nox,

NOCTURNAL. Akin to NIGHT.', and , to slumber, be drowsy., or, f. , to prick, pierce.-, adv. a night and a day, 24 hours; from

and

.(06, indecL m. Noah.

%, , m. and f. slow, sluggish; hence, a, bv, tardy, sluggish.

~%, , m. the back.

, , f. hospitality, a lodging ; from

', , ov, foreign, strange; subst. sl stranger, guest,

host. Hence the Eu-XINE, a tempestuous sea, from

ev, by euphemismus., , m. a Roman measure of a pint and a half, a

pitcher, pot, from the Lat. sextarius, which is from

sextus, sixth, being the sixth part of another measure.

, f., to scrape, polish.

,/., to dry, dry up; mid. to wither; from

.0 2, a, bv, dry, withered.

,, ov, wooden; from

', ,n. wood, a staff, a tree.

, , f., to cut off the hair, shave ; from

or.




, , ; 6 and form their oblique cases, as if from

and

,except the nom. plur. oi. The. See .

, neut. of 6., , , eighth; from."002, , . a swelling, pride, weight, encumbrance.

"-, -Be, -Be, declined like the art. , , ; this, that,

he, such a one.

-, , f, to lead, teach; and

Oh-, , m. a leader, teacher, guide ; from ? and

:>7€,..-, , /. journeying, travel; from

and

OJOx^, oO, m. a way, road, journey, manner of* thinking

or of life. Hence syn-OD, met-HOD.^, , . sl tooth. Hence, with ?,ODONTO-logy ; through the Latin dens, dentist.

Akin to tooth, of the genitive being dropped.

,, /.

,to afflict ; mid. to be in pain or sor-

row; from', ,/- pain, sorrow. Hence, with a or av}neg.

an-ODYNE., , . lamentation, wailing, mourning; from,,

defect, to lament.

", f.or (from obs. ), perf..,to smell, emit a bad smell. Hence, through the

Latin odor, odour.

"OOev, adv. whence; from ? and 6ev, an enclitic particle

indicating motion from.

', , f. & piece of linen cloth, a sail; hence

, , dimin. a little piece of cloth, a bandage.

01, plur. of 6; but , pi. of o?.




, fem., but ola, neut. plur., of, the a being long

in the fem. but short in the neut,

', or oiyvvo),f., to open.

Olha,perf. m. of'., , m. an inhabitant of the house, a domestic, a

slave; and

,,

n. a dwelling, habitation, mansion; and

, , f.habitation, a house, household, the servants;

from; whence-, , f., to build a house, edify, embolden;

from.-, , f management, dispensation, administra-

tion, stewardship; from and

OVKO^, , m. a house. Hence, with, (Eco-

nomy; with Sea,, to keep house, regulate,

whence diocese. Hence also, through the Latin

parochia, corrupted from paroecia, i. e.-,PAROCHIAL, PARISH.

,, m. pity, commiseration, mercy; from

, , . pity., contr.for, to think, suppose; from.', , f. a way, path. Hence pro-EM.

OVNOX, , wine. Hence, by prefixing the digamma,

the Latin vinum, WINE; hence

-, , f. being heated with wine, drunkenness;

from. (See.), 2. sing, otec, Att.f. . (from obs. ),to think; from.

5", a, ov, such as, what, what manner of, as if, as.

OT'XOMAI,f. m.

^(from obs.), to go.




,/., to bear, convey, think; hence, thefut.

of

., , /., to be indolent, delay, be loth, hesitate;

from.', or,f., to call, arrive in port,

move, run quickly.

,a, by, sluggish, indolent, tedious, troublesome;

from

"OKNO%, ov, m. aversion to labour, sluggishness, fear.^, indecl. eight. Hence, with, oCTA-gon.

Akin to eight.", ov, m. destruction, perdition; from.,

inf. 2. aor. m. of

.-, ov, m. andf of little faith ; from

and

yOATTO%, , ov {irreg. comp.,, irreg.

superl.), few, little, short. Hence, with

,OLlG-archy.

OXcy-copeo), , f, to neglect, despise, slight, dis-

regard; from and.", f, 2. aor. (from obs. ), to

destroy; mid. to perish; hence Ap-OLLYON (Kev.

ix. 11), the Destroyer.

OAOAT'Zn,f. ,to howl, yell, bewail.

, , ov, the whole, all. Hence, with, HOLO

caust; with, cat-HOLIC.

"002, , m. an unripe fig.

MBPO%, ov, m. heavy rain.

,, f

,to associate, converse with; and

', , f.intercourse, discourse; from

"OMIAOX, , m. a company, crowd. Hence HOMILY.




or,/. (from obs.), to swear,

swear by.

-, adv. with, one accord; from and., fern., but, neut. plur., of, the a being

long in the fern., but short in the neut., f., to be like, resemble; and

', a, ov, like (hence, with

,suffering, from

,HOMCEO-pathy) ; and

, , f., to liken; from

(2, ov, m. andf. like. Hence, with, HOMO-

geneous. From also comes, level;

whence, with a or av, neg., an-OMALOUS.

),1. aor. subj. of

.', adv. at the same time, yet, still, although, also;

from., 2. aor. opt. of., indecl., or making gen., n. a dream.

02, ,n. reproach, ill-fame; also sometimes,

fame, in a good sense; hence

, , m. censure, rebuke, abuse.", or, f., to help, avail, profit,

have joy.

,, ov, of an ass ; hence , a millstone

turned by an ass, an upper millstone; from

." or,, n. a name; hence, with a, neg.,

an-ONYMOUS.

"ONO^, , m. an ass.

", gen., and, plur. of."ONTB,

,m. a nail, a hoof. Hence, from its colour,

the onyx stone.,, contr., n. vinegar, sour wine; from




^, eia, v> sharp, swift. Hence, with, OXY-

gen; with

,par-OXYSM.

\./ a hole, window, cavern, cavity.

", adv. from behind, behind, after; from

'^, adv. behind, after, backwards.", , n. arms, armour, weapons, instruments.

Hence, with, pan-OPLY.

"-, adv. where, whither, whereas; from 89 and

., part, of or., , f., to roast, scorch." or, f.m.,, 2. sing. f. m., Att. to see, look to, appear, understand, show,

enjoy. Hence optics.

, , bv}roasted or broiled; from

.', ,/, autumn, autumnal fruits.

"-, adv., with ind. how; with subj. in order that, so

that, that ; from and.",, f.

sight, a vision ; from

,f.,

perf. Att.

,to see, discern, per-

ceive. Hence, with, pan-ORAMA.\ ,/» rage, wrath (hence orgies); hence

,/., to provoke to wrath; mid. to be indignant,

angry, enraged.

\,/ a fathom.

', /, to stretch out for, to reach for-

ward to, desire earnestly.

', gen. pi. of.^, , bv, right, straight, upright. Hence, with

,ORTHO-graphy; with

,ORTHO-dox.

"002, , m. morning, dawn, daybreak, early in

the morning.




', f. , to limit, determine, ordain, decree (hence

horizon, the termination of our view; and, with

, ap-HORiSM, a definition or fixed and limited

rule or principle); from, whence

", , . a boundary, limit, end.

"OPK02, , m. an oath, vow, adjuration. Hence ex-

ORCISE.

,, f.

impulse, rushing, inclination.

"0PM02, , m. a necklace, a station for ships, place for

mooring ships, harbour.,

"0PNI2, , m. orf.

2, bird, hen. Hence, with ?,ORNITHO-logy.

'02, eo?, contr. ?, . a mountain. Hence oreades,mountain nymphs.

"0P02, , m. sl limit or boundary.

'OPT22 or ,/., to dig.0 2, , m. and/., or , bv, bereaved, desolate,

orphaned; subst. an orphan, a ward.

',,fut.

,to dance. Hence

ORCHESTRA.

/2,/. , to excite.

*02, , , relative pron. who, which. —? Be

some—others.

"02102, a, ov, holy, sacred.

, , f.smell, odour, savour ; from.

0202, , ov, as many as, as much as, (after?)as, how great, how much, how many, both interrog.

and indef. ; whosoever, whatsoever, how many soever.

OSTEON, , n. a bone. Hence OSTEO-Iogy.

"-,, cto, declined like 0? and combined; who-

ever, whatever, who, which, that, he that, what.



PARSING LEXICON. 229, , ov, earthen, made of earthenware ; from

V2TPAKON,

,n. an earthen vessel, tile, tablet for

voting. Hence ostracism.

2, f. m. or,,f.

m., to smell ; hence",, f.smelling, smell.2, "?,/, the loins.

"-, adv. when, whenever; from av and

, adv. when.

"Otl, conj. that, in order that, how, because, since ; from

the neuter of.',/. , to excite, rouse, incite, instigate, urge.

",Att. for

,gen. of ; also used as an adv.

how long, while.

OT, adv. before a consonant, before a vowel not aspi-

rated, before an aspirated vowel, no, not.

0TT

,gen., defective pronoun ; , dat. ; e, ace. of himself.

(See

.), adv. in what [place], where, whither, from ?. It is

an elliptical expression, being understood.

OTAy

, ha! an exclamation of derision., interj. alas! woe, woe's me!

-Be, conj. neither, nor, not even; hence

-,,&,

gen.

,etc., like el?. No

one, no, none, nothing; from el?.

--7€, adv. never.

, see ., conj. therefore, then.

-, adv. not yet.

OTPAs

, , f.z, tail. Hence, with

,cynos-URE,

the Lesser Bear or Tail of the Dog. (See.)X




,adv. from heaven; from 6ev, signifying motion

from, andOTPANCfZ, , m. heaven. Hence the name of the

planet Uranus.

OT^POX, , m. a prosperous wind, good fortune; also,

a guard.

OT^X, or

,gen.

,. an ear.

, acc.pl. of os.

, gen. fern, of.-, conj. neither, nor, not even.

OTTT02,, ; and form their ob-

lique cases as if from and, but the

nom. plur. masc. is formed regularly, and the

neut. plur. is. This, he, the same ; hence

or, adv. thus, so., an emphatic form of, not, is it not?', , m. a debtor; from

,f (from obs.

),I owe, 1

ought, I must, to be guilty, be a debtor.

-4/2, /., to increase, assist., 2. aor. (Ion. for) of, I would. It

is used with in the sense of would that

", €, contr., n. profit; from.', , m. an eye

;

from

.Hence OPH-

THALMIC.

',, m. a serpent., o,f. the eyebrow, top of a precipice., , f., to be indignant.

",, m. a multitude. Hence, with

,OCHLO-cracy.

,, n. a fortification; from, to fortify,

which is from.




!\ adv. late in the evening, late. Hence, with-

,OPSl-mathy.

", 2. pi. l.fut. m. of

., , f the evening ; from.", ?, /. the countenance, face, appearance; from., , . whatever is eaten with bread as a relish.

",3. pi. \.f. m. of

., , m. whatever is bought to be eaten with

bread, anything taken as a relish with bread; also,

the pay of soldiers to purchase provisions, recom-

pense, wages; from and., , /. a snare, springe, artifice ; from

,o fix, lay or set, in the ground or elsewhere., 2. aor. inf. of., , . a little child; and

,?,/, education, discipline, chastisement (hence,

with

,cyclo-P^DlA) ; and

, , . a child ; and,, , f. a damsel ; from

^,, ace. or ', m. orf. a child, servant.

Hence, with ay, PiED-agogue.

,f,

to strike, smite.

', adv. formerly, long since, of old time; hence, a, bv, ancient. Hence, with, PALJSO-logy., , f.wrestling ; from., adv. again, on the contrary. Hence, with,

PALiN-odia.

,, to vibrate, brandish, toss, shake., neut. of ; whence




-, , . an inn (that receives all comers) ; from

.-, , /. a general assembly, congregation

from and. Hence panegyric., , /. cunning, guile, craft, artifice, wiles

from epyov and •?.

-,adv. from every direction, from all quarters,

in all directions ; from and 6ev or 6e, indicating

motion from.-,, m. a universal governor, the Al-

mighty; from and., gen. of; whence

,adv. always; and

,gen.pl.

", or before a vowel', prep, with a gen. of, from

with a dat. with, among, before, at, by; with an ace.

at3above, against, near to, on account of, besides,

by, between, beyond, excepting. In comp. it gene-

rally signifies, beyond, besides, with. Hence many

words beginning with para- and PAR-; as, with iv

and, PAR-enthesis, with, PARA-graph.-, , f. a comparison, similitude, symbol, pa-

rable; from \\.

-,to announce, communicate, charge, entreat.

-, to come, come upon, return.-, to lead along; mid. to disappear, pass by, pass

away, perish; from and.,, m. a park, forest, garden, paradise.- or

,to give up, deliver, betray,

abandon, commit, commend, yield, teach ; mid. to

give up oneself to ; hence



PARSING LEXICON. 233-, to depreciate, pray to be delivered from,

excuse, refuse, dislike, shun; from

.-,to ask, beseech, pray, exhort, counsel, ad-

vocate, comfort. Hence paraclete, the Comforter.-, to veil, hide.-, inf. l.aor.p. of ; whence-,,, f.invitation, exhortation, persuasion,

entreaty, assistance, consolation.

-\, to take, receive, engage in, learn, seize.-, to sail near.-, , m. andf near the sea, maritime; from.-, , ov}paralttic, PALSIED; from,

q.v.

Uapa-,to pass by or through.

-, to prepare ; mid. to get ready;pass, be

in readiness; from.-, inf. 1. aor., and

),3. sing. sub. 1. aor. of

.,adv. immediately, instantly, but for a moment.

-, f, to winter; from; hence-, , f wintering.-, adv. instantly (as it were with the very

thing, no sooner said than done).

,,/. a leopard, panther; from'02, , f. a pard or leo-pard.

, imperf. contr. of or,3. sing. 1. aor. of .-, to be present, be come ; from and., imperf of

.3. sing. 1. aor. p. of

.3. pi. l.fut. of.3




-), dat. fem. part. 1. aor. pass.

--, ,f. an insertion, camp,

castle, fortress;

from, iv and\.-, to pass by, neglect, pass away, disappear,

perish, come over., 3. sing. 1. aor. of., to exhibit, present, afford, make.

Uapr)<y<yeC\,e, 3. sing. 1. aor. of.3. sing. 1. aor. m. of., , f. a virgin. Hence the Parthe-

non, a temple to the virgin Minerva.- or-, f., to place at hand, pro-

vide, deliver, shew, present, prove, be present, stand

by, near or before; attend, support.-, , m. a stranger, sojourner.-, ?, /. a common saying (such as may be heard

in the streets), a proverb, parable; from.

-,ov, m. and

f.belonging or given to wine,

drunken.

-, to go away.-, to stir up, instigate.-, , f. presence, approach, advent; from-,.

-,?, /. a relish with bread, sauce, condiment,

a dish in which it is served, platter; from., ?,/, freedom of speech, boldness;,adverbially) freely, openly., f., to speak freely or boldly; from

7ra? and..-', dat. fem. pi. part. perf. p. of

.,, , all, every, any. Hence, with 9,




PAN-tlieon; with ayopa, PAN-egyric ; with, a

gift, from

,PAN-dora; dia-PASON.

,indecl. n. Heb. the passover.

'^,f.

m.' (from obs.), per/, m.-(from obs.), 2. aor. (from obs.

), to suffer, feel. Hence pathos, pathetic,

sym-PATHY, PATHO-logy, anti-PATHY, and other

words having the syllable path in the beginning or

termination.

'22,/., to strike, smite., voc. of.', , f., to tread on, tread down, walk, in-

habit. Akin to path.

^,, or by sync,, voc. (re-

tracting the accent), m. a father (hence, from,fatherland, PATRIOT ; through the Latin, PATERNAL

akin to father); hence

-, ,m. a PATRIARCH; from

.,gen. syncopated of., , m. Paul., f., to stop (as an act. verb), mid. to stop (as a

neut. verb), refrain. Hence pause.

,f. , to thicken, fatten, make heavy and dull;

from

, eia, v, thick, fat, gross. Hence, with,PACHY-dermata.', , f.a fetter; probably from ?, the foot,

and, to bind.

,, ov, champaign, level; from

', , n. the ground, earth.

, f., to advise, persuade; mid, to be per-

suaded, have confidence, comply, obey.



236 GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES., a?,/ hunger; hence

,, f.

,to hunger, be hungry.

,, f. endeavour, undertaking, trial, experi-

ence, attack, danger (hence em-PiRiC, one who

practises the healing art from experience ; PIRATE,

one who attacks ships); hence

,f., to attempt, try, tempt.

,/.,to pierce, pass through., , n. the depth of the sea, the deep.

Hence, with, Archi-PELAGO.', adv. near., f, to strike with an axe; from,,

/. an axe. Hence

,a wood-

pecker, PELICAN.

, , ov, the fifth, from, JEol.for.,/,, to send, conduct. Hence POMP.', ov, m. a wife's father.

,, f., to mourn, mourn over, afflict; from

',609, n. sorrow, mourning. Hence, with ,

ne-PENTHE.', defect, to make, do, labour ; also, to be

poor. Hence through the Latin enuria, penury., , a, 500, from. The termination

-,indicates the multiplication of the prece-

ding numeral by 100, as-, from or Bvo;

and is by some supposed to be related to., indecl. five (hence PENTA-teuch, the 5 books

of Moses, from, a volume ; with<, PENTA-

gon) ; hence, indecl. fifty. Hence Pentecost.

,per/, p. of.



PAESING LEXICON. 237, ace. part.perf. p..of.,€,/. confidence: and, ace. plur. part. per/, m. from., an enclitic adverbial particle suffixed to other words

with the force of at least, although, that is to say

o? irep, whosoever; iav, if indeed.

TIE' AN or irepa, adv. beyond ;

,substantively

the other side.

',, n. a boundary, limit., , f., and, to pass through, carry

over for sale.

'/2,/. , to lay waste.

,prep, with a gen. in behalf of, for, concerning, on

account of; with an ace. around, about. In compo-

sition, over and above. Hence many words begin-

ning with peri; as, with, PERi-phrasis.

IIepi-, to lead or go about.

-,to take away, cut off, remove, atone for.

TIepi-, to cast about, surround, put on, clothe;

hence-, ov, n. clothing, a cloak, vesture.

IlepieSeSero, S. sing. plup. p. of

IlepL-Secu, to bind round., 3. pi. 1. aor. of

.JepieXovres, pi. part. 2. aor. of., to go about, fetch a compass., 2. aor. of.Iepi-, to gird round ;

mid. to have the loins

girded as for a journey, be in expectation, be pre-

pared for action. Hence

, 1 . aor. mid. imperat. ; and



238 GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES., pi. part. 1. aor. m.-}

,part. 2. aor. of

.,, n. ofFscouring, filth, an outcast; from

.\, to cover round, blindfold.-, to lie around, be placed round, encom-

passed, oppressed.

-,, f.,

to encircle; from

.-, to walk, walk about. Hence PERIPATET-

ICS, the disciples of Aristotle, to whom he delivered

his discourses walking about.-, to transfix, pierce.

-,to fall about one, i. e. to embrace, fall into

or among.-,, /. obtaining over and above, reserve,

acquisition, purchase; from.,, n. excess, superfluity, overflow, abun-

dance, what remains; from

,f., to make to abound, abound, be over

and above, be in excess, remain ; from,bundant; from, in the sense of beyond, above;

hence, a, ov, comp. of, more abundant

and, adv. more abundantly.

", ,/, a dove.-, 2. aor. inf. of-, to cut round, circumcise.

-,to put round, invest with, bestow, exhibit

towards.

-, , f. circumcision ; from.




-, to carry round or about.

-,,n. scrapings, filth, scum; from

,to

cleanse or scrape off., to boast, conduct oneself arrogantly;

from

'02, , m. andf.

light, rash, fickle, vain,

empty; subst. a trifler.

',adv. last year.

, 2. pi. imperat. 2. aor.; and

, 3. pi. l.fut.m.; and, part. 2. aor. of.

,, or, f., to

expand, unfold. Hence

,a leaf; whence

PETAL.

neretvbv, , n. sl bird ; from

TIE'TOMAI or, or, defect, to fly., , f.a stone or rock (hence, with the Latin

facto, to make, PETRi-faction); hence

,, . a rock or stone, Peter.

\ , f.a fountain, spring, flux, issue. Hence

Pegasus, sprung from Medusa's blood, near the

springs of Ocean.

or ,/., 2. aor. p. (from

obs.

),to fix, set, fasten, erect, pitch a tent,

build.

, , n. a rudder, helm ; from, the blade

of an oar, used sometimes to steer a boat.

nnAA!il3 f., to leap.

j

,n. the blade of an oar, an oar.

,, ov, how great, how much

;from

,how great ; being prefixed, converts it into an




interrog., being the initial letter of; how? See

.*2, , n. mud, clay.

, ,/, a scrip or wallet.

(?2, a, bv, maimed, disabled.

2, eta, , the fore-arm. Hence a cubit; a foot

and a half being the average length of the fore-arm,

i.e. from the point of the elbow to the end of the

middle finger.

,/., to lay hold on, catch, arrest; for

,,/,, to press.

tew, 2. aor. in/ /.

,/,

to embitter; mid. to be bitter or se-

vere; and

, , /. bitterness ; from', a, bv, bitter, harsh, cruel., , m. Pilate., inf. m. o/

or

,/ (from obs.

),to set

on fire; mid. to be on fire, burn, swell from inflam-

mation; from.,, m. a plank, board, wooden tablet covered

with wax for tracing characters on, platter,

trencher.

,/.7 (from obs.), 2. aor., /. m. -, 2. sing. (from obs. ), to drink.

Hence -, a drinking-party, sym-PO-

SIUM.

,,/. fatness; from.

,/em. part. 2. aor. /.,

/., 2. aor. p. (from primitive




), to sell;pass, or mid. to be a slave, i. e. to

have been sold; from

.,2. /. m.

;I. aor. (from obs.) ; 2. «or. (from oos.) ; also /.

;j»£r/*. (from 005.7)}

to fall., dat. of ; whence

,/. , to believe, believe in, intrust; and

,, bv, trusty, trustworthy, pure; or, according

to some (who derive it from), liquid.,, /. faith; from, 3. sing, erf. p. of. Hence, , bv, believing, faithful; subst. a believer.

,,m. andf fat, corpulent, rich, fertile.

, 3. sing. sub. 1. aor. of., , f., to cause to err, lead astray, mislead

mid. to go astray, stray, err, sin; from, , f wandering from the right path, error,

deception, wickedness. Hence planet.

, /co?,/. a tablet, a slab.

, dat. part. 1. aor. ; and,, n. a thing formed, a vessel of clay; from

'^^, f. , to mould, form, make, invent.

Hence PLASTIC, cata-PLASM.

,, f.

sl wide street; also nom.fem. from

-?., , contr., n. breadth ; from, , , broad. Akin to plate and FLAT., , n. a net, braiding of the hair ; from

., neut. comp, ; and

, pi. comp. [contr.) of.




,/, , to weave.

,,

/.avarice, covetousness, a compulsory

gift; from, neut. comp. of, and., , m. andf. full.\ , /. the side of the body. Hence pleu-

risy.

,f. , to sail, sail through. Hence the

Pleiads, a constellation whose rising indicated a

favourable time for sailing., , contr. , n. a multitude, crowd, mob,

bundle; and, f. , to multiply, increase; and

,/.,to fill, be full, be completed (hence ple-

thora) ; from., , m. a striker; from.adv. except, but, nevertheless., n. pi. contr. of

,, m. andf, n.

,full; and

,(Off. 9

to fill, fulfil, complete; from

., adv. near ; 6, he that is near, a neigh-

bour; from.'^ or TTGs,f. (from the root )<), 2.aor.

(but the regular,, is used when

the verb is taken in the metaphorical sense of to

strike the mind), to strike. Hence plague, apo-

PLEXY., , n. a ship; and, , contr.,, a ship's course, sailing;

from

.,a, ov, rich; and

, adv. richlv; and



PARSING LEXICON. 243, , f., to be rich, be prosperous, grow

rich; from, , riches. Hence Plutus, the god of

riches., , to wash.,, n. air, wind, spirit (hence PNEUMATICS);

and, , bv, spiritual; from

,/,, to blow., f. , to choke, seize forcibly by the throat.

Hence

,, bv, strangled.

,pi. of

., whence; from, where, and , end., indi-

cating motion from,' OH, , m. desire, regret, yearning., co,f., to make, do, produce, exert (strength,

power, mercy), spend (time),

deliver, celebrate (a

feast), gain, make verses. Hence

, , m. a maker, doer, maker of verses. Hence

POET., , ov, various.

.f

,to feed, tend; from,, m. a shepherd, " shepherd of the peo-

ple," king, pastor., a, ov, of what kind, what, what manner of; from

and the interrog. prefix . See.,

pi. contr. of.,, m. war. Hence polemical, i. e.

controversial.

02, , f a city, state (hence POLICE; with




, metro-POLiS; also other words of that ter-

mination. Hence

, , m. a citizen. Hence POLITICS, the science

of governing a city or state., neut. pi. of; adverbially, much, very., adv. often; from.

,gen. fern., and

,dat., of

;whence

,neut., sometimes used adverbially, like

.0 2},, ace. masc. (irreg. comp.,; whence pleonasm), many, much,

frequent, great, ample, numerous, late (in the day).

Hence, with, POLY-gon; with, POLY-

gamy; and all words beginning similarly. Hence

-, , contr., m. andf.

expensive, precious;

from, revenue or expense., ?,/, wickedness; and, a, ov, bad, wicked, malignant; from

, ,m. labour, grief, pain, disease, vice; from

.002, , m. the sea. Hence Helles-POKT, the

sea of Helle., , f.a way, proceeding, journey, business

from

,f.

,to go, go one's way, depart, die,

follow, be engaged in a walk of life; from,perf. m. of. Hence PORE, i. e. a passage

through., , f. , to lay waste, devastate ; from

.,, f.

fornication, adultery; and, ??9,/. a harlot; and



PARSING LEXICON. 245, , m. a fornicator, impure person; from -

,to expose to sale, from

., adv. afar off ; from. Hence

, adv. from afar, at a distance; from 6ev, indi-

cating motion from., a?,/, purple, a purple robe; hence

,ea, eov, contr.

, , ,purple. Hence

PORPHYRY.

, adv. how often; and, , ov, how much, how great, how many; from, by prefixing the interrogative ; See., , m. a river. Hence, with

,hippo-

POTAMUS.

, , bv, of what country, of what kind, what

manner of ; from, where, and.66, interrog. adv. when ? from ore and the interrogative

particle or (see \?) ; but

ore, indef. end. adv. when, in time past, at any time, at

length ; from ore and the indefinite or., , n. sl cup; and, f. , to give to drink, water, lead to water,

irrigate; and

,,

m. a drinking-bout, carouse; from

., adv., either interrog. where? or end. indef. some-

where; from . Compare and."2,, m. a foot. Hence, with \, poly-

pus; anti-PODES; through the Latin pes, PEDES-

TRIAN. Akin to FOOT.

,,n. a thing, matter, work, business (hence

pragmatical, i.e. busy, officious); and, 2. pi. l.fut.; from.




^or

,, m. andf. mild, meek. Hence

,ro<;,f. meekness.

% , ,/, a rank, range.', , n. a leek.', or ,/. , to do, commit, observe, prac-

tise, inflict, collect, exact. Hence PRACTICAL,

PRAXIS., impers., imperf. eirpeire, it is becoming

part, to irpkirov, that which, is becoming.

nPE'UBTH,, and Att. e<w?, m. an old man, ambas-

sador., , m. comp. of

,an elder. Hence

Presbyterian; also, by corruption, from presby-

ter or prester, priest.

',/. , to set on fire.2, eo?, contr., m. andf. prone, prostrate, on

the face, headlong.

,adv. before, rather than, in behalf of.

or, f m., to saw, saw asunder,

gnash the teeth. Hence PRISM.

ITPO\ prep, governing the gen. before. Hence, with, PKO-gnostic; but most English words

beginning with pro- are compounds of the Latin

preposition pro, akin to., to lead forward, go before.'BATON, , n. a sheep, pi. a flock.

-yovoL, , m. ancestors; from.-, to depict, so as to set before the eyes, de-

scribe vividly, designate, ordain, prescribe, pro-

scribe, write aforetime. Hence programme.

, 2. aor. part, of




-, to go before, go forward.

€€,3. sing. 1. aor. of

., , f.willingness, readiness, forwardness,

zeal, liberality; from,-,, to be before, be first, be set forth, be set

before as an example or reward, be present.

-,to

impelforward,

gobefore, advance,

makeprogress., pi. part. 2. aor. of-, to suffer previously.

ITPO^, prep., with a gen. from, to, with ; with a dat.

near, at, towards, upon; with an ace. at, to, unto,

towards, in, for, by, with, against, between, among,

on account of, respecting, according to, to the end

that, near, about. Hence many words beginning

with PROS-.-, , /., to expect, look forth ; from

or

.-^. , to approach; from iyyvs.

JJposeipyaaarOj 3. sing. 1. aor. m. of-^, f., to labour, obtain or gain, in

addition to.

-,to

comeor

goto, assent.

Hence PROSE-LYTE; see

.-, ?, /. prayer; from-, to pray to.-, to apply, attend to, take hold, beware of, give

heed, assent, follow, adhere, be engaged in, be ad-

dicted., 3. sing, imperf of.inf. 2. aor. of.



248 GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.,, f., to call unto, invite, ap-

point; from

.-, , /., to continue steadfastly in, per-

severe, attend continually on or to; from,o endure ; from by metathesis of letters.-, to roll to or up.

-,to oifer homage or worship to, worship;

from, to kiss.

-, to take unto, assume, receive, receive

kindly, take aside.,/,, to bring a ship to its moorings or to

land; from.-,

f. ,to be grieved or offended with,

abhor; from.-, to fall against or upon, beat upon, fall down

on, at, or before., inf. 1. aor.p. of, to put to or near, add to, go on, repeat; mid.

to attach oneself to.-, to bring to, offer, produce, disclose.-, eo?, contr., m. andf.

friendly, amiable,

lovely; from.

-,, /., to call to or for, address.

-, , m. the face, form, outward appearand

or circumstances ; from, the countenance, froi.-,, /. outward appearance, pretence; froi.-,

f.

,to prophesy, divine; from

-, , m. a prophet; from; hence

-,, , ov, prophetic.




-, f (from the primitive), to

come before, anticipate, be beforehand with.

, , f.the poop or stern of a ship; from, , bv, extreme, last.

', adv. early in the morning., as,/, the prore, prow or forepart of a ship.

,adv. first, at first,* from

,* ov, first; contr.for

,superl. from

, prior; which is comparat. of, before.

Hence, with, PROTO-type. Hence-, ov, m. andf.

firstborn, chief; from.

,f, per/, p.

,to strike, dash against,

make a false step, stumble, fall, sin., ,/, the heel.*, , n. a wing (hence, with a neg., the

a-PTERA, an order of insects) ; and, ?, /. a wing; akin to.,/.,

to terrify; mid. tofear.

', /?,/. Ptolemais., ov, n. a fan for winnowing; from., f. , or, f., to terrify ; mid. to fear

from.

,part. 1 . aor. of ; whence

,, n. saliva, spittle.

'^/2,/., to fold or roll up., f. , to spit, cast out. Hence, with ,haemo-PTYSis, spitting of blood., , n. anything fallen, a dead body, carcase;

from

.Hence, with

, -,a

casualty, disease, sym-PTOM., , bv, poor, mendicant; from.



250 GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES., 2. aor. m. inf. of

., f ,to putrefy. Akin (through the Latin

putreo) to putrid.

,, m. Python, Apollo ; hence, a soothsayer,

diviner.', adv. thickly, close together; hence

,, bv, crowded, dense, close, frequent.

,f., to box as a pugilist; from

.UTAH, , f a gate ; hence, , m. a gate, porch, court, vestibule.', f. m.; 2. aor.;erf. p. (from obs.), to inquire, ex-

amine, ascertain, understand.

, adv. with the fist. Hence pugilist, pygmy (as

large as the fist)., , n. fire. Hence pyramid, which rises to a

point like a blaze; also, with, PYRO-technic.

Akin to fire. Hence

, , f,a funeral pyre or pile, a fire.

', ov, m. a tower, palace., , m. fever; from.%, , m. wheat, corn., , /., to burn, be on fire, be inflamed, pro-

voked, tried with fire; and

, f., to be red; from., interrog. adv. how ? also subjoined to other particles,

even, yet, in some degree; from 89, by prefixing ,see.

,,/,

,to sell. Hence mono-POLY.

02, , m. andf.

the young of an animal, a colt

or foal of an ass.




2, , m. andf,

blind.

02, , m.the callus or hard substance

by whichbroken bones are united ; also, sorrow.

1, adv. how ? why ? also an enclitic, attached to other

particles, signifying in some way, by any means

from , thus.

',/., to strike with rods, scourge; from

'PA'BAOH, ) m ' a r°d, staff, sceptre.' or, a, ov, (irreg. comp. '',,superl.), easy. Hence'-, , f. facility, indolence, cunning, wicked-

ness, temerity; from epyov.

',/., to sprinkle, bedew.

', Heb., indecl. worthless, a wicked person.

', indecl. Heb.,/. Eama, the name of a city.

',/,, to sprinkle, purify; from.',

f.

,to strike with a rod, buffet, strike with

the hand, slap on the face; from

*2,8,/. a rod,',f, , 2. aor., to sew, construct,

compose. Hence, with , KHAFS-ody, a poetic

composition. Hence

', , /. a needle.

', indecl.f.

Rachel.

(

or, , f.a carriage with four wheels; from

the Latin rheda.

'',f., to go down in the balance.

',f.

,to flow ; but

,f.

,perf.

,Att., I. aor.p., sometimes, for-




, to say, speak, speak of, answer, command,

threaten, call.

From

,to flow, comes rheum;

dia-RRH(EA; with, hoemo-RUHOlD (by corrup-

tion, eme-ROD, Deut. xxviii. 27) ; cata-RRH. From

, to speak, comes RHETORIC.', or, f. , 2. aor. pass,

ippayrjv (from obs. ), to break, break forth,

rend, tear, dash, convulse, burst, burst forth. Hence,

with, hgemo-RRHAGE ; also cata-RACT.

', neut. part. 1. aor. p. of.',, n. a word, saying, speech; from.',, f.

a root. Hence, with, glycy-rrhiza,

(by corruption) Hquo-RICE.

', f. , 2. aor., to cast, throw, throw

down, throw away, scatter, expose, abandon.

'PO'AON, , n. a rose.', adv. with a crash; from

'002, , . a whizzing (as of arrows), a creaking

or crashing noise.

', , f. a javelin or large sword used by the

Thracians. Some derive it from, to incline

or be impelled towards.

', , . Rufus.

', ,/- a street, lane; from

.'PTIIOX, , . dirt, uncleanness.

', ,/. a wrinkle, blemish; from

f

PT'/2,/., to draw, rescue, deliver.', or, f., I. aor. p.

(from obs.

),to strengthen ; mid. to recover

be in health ; in the imperat. pass, fare-well. Hen




comes, strength, from which Rome is, by

some, supposed to be derived.

, Heb.,^?/wr. hosts, armies., , n., but the dat. plur.() is of the

third decl., as iffrom,, n., the Sabbath,

a week.

,^9,/. a net; from

.Hence seine.

, f., to move, wag, fawn, flatter; from.,^., to sweep; also, to grin., , m. a SACK, sackcloth; from., f , to shake, excite, raise a disturbance

among, totter; from

., indecl. Salem.', , m. agitation, tossing, rolling (probably

from ).', ?, /. a trumpet. Hence

,f.

,to sound a trumpet; and

,, m. a trumpeter.

, , f.Salome., , . a Samaritan., 8, f. a Samaritan woman., , n. a sandal, shoe.

,?, /. a beam, plank.

/, indecl. . Sa-ul {properly a word of two sylla-

, , ov, rotten, corrupt, impure; from., , . a sapphire.

',?7?,/. a basket; also a twisted cord, chain,

network; perhaps from., , dat., the city of Sardis.



254 GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.^ or, , m. a cornelian (or cernelian, so

called from its resemblance in colour to caro, flesh);

from

,from being found there. Hence

HapB-, ?,/. a Sardonyx stone; from.2 , ?, contr. )?, Sardinia. Hence (from-Bovcov, a plant of Sardinia, said to distort the coun-

tenance of the eater), Sardonic. Others, however,

derive sardonic from

,to grin.

, , ov, carnal, fleshly, frail; from

HA^Pa, /co?, /. flesh. Hence SARCASM ; with,SARCO-phagus, a coffin made of a sort of stone which

rapidly consumed the body.

2,3. sing, contr. from

,a later form of

., indecl. and

,, m. Heb. Satan.',, to pack or load.

%\<;, ov, m. Saul.

*2£, eo?, m. andf.

clear, manifest.

ZBE'NNTMI,/. (from obs.), 2.aor.

(from obs.), to extinguish, quench. Hence,

with a neg., a-SBESTOS.

^e-, dat., ace., from aeo or ,gen. of, and, of thyself. See.

2£,, n. devotion, object of worship; from

2EB0MAI, defect, to reverence, worship, do homageto, be devout. Hence

,Augustus ; whence,

with 76?, SEBASTO-pol. Hence also, from-, the name Eu-SEBius.

2EIPAS

, a?,/, a rope, chain. Hence Siren.

,, m. a shaking, agitation, earthquake, tempest;

from



PARSING LEXICON. 2£5

2, f. , perf.p.

,to shake, agitate; mid.

to tremble, be confounded.

',, . splendour, light., ,/, the moon; from? (as the Latin luna,

from luceo, to shine)., 6o>9,/. flour.

',, bv, venerable, solemn, dignified, honor-

able; hence

,, f.solemnity, dignity., 3. sing, erf. m. of.",, n. a sign (hence, with, SEMA-phore);

hence

,, n. a sign, proof, miracle, distinguished person.

or, adv. to day, this day ; from

(perhaps by the common substitution of for the

aspirate).

,f., to putrefy, become rotten. Hence anti-

SEPTIC.

, , m. a silkworm; hence, , bv, silken.

-,, m. a moth; from; hence-, , . and f, n. ov, moth-eaten ; from

.,n. strength ; hence, with, cali-STHE-

Nics); from', defect., or, , f., to strengthen;

mid. to be strong, to be able.

,,m. the jawbone, cheek.

,, f.,

to be silent, conceal;pass, not to be

revealed, to be kept unuttered.




,ea (or Ion. ), eov, contr., a (or ),,

made of iron ; from

20, , . iron.

HiScov, o?,f.

Sidon.

HUepa, Heb. indecl. n, intoxicating liquor (not wine).

2\, a, . Silas.

,, . Silvanus.

,, Heb. indecl. n. Siloam, i. e. ponds, pools or tanks.,, , n. an apron ; from the Lat. semicinctium,

from semi, half, and cingo, to surround.

2, , . Simon.

Xlvcl, indecl. n. Sina.

2,eo)9, n. a kind of mustard, growing to a con-

siderable height.

2^,, . linen cloth, fine linen.

%, /., to sift as wheat, to subject to trials;

from .

ZVTOX, , . corn, wheat, food. Hence para-SlTE,

one who flatters for the sake of good living.2, , f., to be silent, be still. Hence apo-

SIOPESIS.2, f., to be lame or halt. Hence scalene.

2,f.

,to leap, dance.

28, f., to put a stumblingblock in the way,

to offend, SCANDALIZE; mid. to stumble; from^, , n. a stumblingblock, offence, occasion of

offence, SCANDAL; from.',f., 2. aor. ', to dig. Hence

,a canoe, SKIFF.

\, pi. contr. of\.




',/.,to dry. Hence skeleton.

02, , . a leg. Hence, with, iso-SCELES.

,, . a covering, shelter; from.2, f., to consider, investigate,

question the truth of. Hence sceptic.', defect, to cover.

,neut. pi. contr. of

,, n. a vessel, goods, sail of a ship, tackling.

\ , f.a tent, tabernacle, house, race, stage for

players. Hence scene.

%KIAS

, a?,/, a shadow. Hence the amphi-sciANS.

,, f.

,to leap, dance

;

from

.2, a, bv, hard, harsh ; from

.Hence SCLE-

ROTIC.^, a,\ bv, crooked, curved, oblique, perverse,

morose.

',,m. a pointed stake, anguish, a thorn.

HI

,, /., to see, look to (hence, with

,tele-SCOPE ; also from- comes EPISCOPAL

and by common changes of letters, bishop, pro-

perly meaning an overseer) ;from.

f., to scatter, dissipate, destroy.,, m. a scorpion.

, , bv, dark; and, f., to darken ; from1', , contr., n. darkness; hence, , f., to darken

;pass, be filled with dark-

ness.

',, n. dung, offal, dregs.

0, to be furious, be angry with., , m. a Scythian.

3




-,, bv, of a gloomy or sad countenance; from

,angry, sullen (from

)and.2',/. , to flay, rend, mangle, trouble, harass.

Hence Scylla, a monster who used to rend her

prey in pieces.

HKfl., /co?, m, a worm, torture.

^, , . an emerald (derived through the

French 6\s\meraude)\ from.,/. Smyrna; also myrrh, from., , n. Sodom.

3£ol, dat. of.

,?, .

Solomon.

HO'0%, , . andf.

safe.

20P0 2, , f. a coffin, urn, sepulchre.

%, , bv, thy, thine, thine own; from .2, gen. of.2, , n. a handkerchief, napkin; from the Lat.

sudariam, from sudo, to sweat.

2, aSjf. wisdom; from

200^2, , bv, wise. Hence sophist ; with,philo-SOPHER.

%', , f. a sword, ladle, a spatula, used to

spread plaisters, an instrument used in weaving.Akin to SPADE.

^'^, f , to tear, distort by convulsions,

convulse.', , n. a bandage, swaddling clothes;

hence

,, f.,

to swathe, wrap in swaddling

clothes., 3. sing. subj. 2. aor. p. of.




,f., to live luxuriously; from

,,/, wantonness, riot, luxury. Some derive

it from, to weave, weave wastefully; from.2, ,/., 2. aor., to draw. Hence SPASM.

,,/, a coil, fold, cord, band, band of soldiers.

Hence spiral.

2, /, per/,

,to sow, bury, distribute

alms.

.,, / (from obs.), to pour out

as a libation or drinkofFering, to exhaust or sacrifice

oneself. Hence spondee, used in solemn music at

sacrifices.

XTIE'OX, , n. a cave.,, n. seed, offspring ; from. Hence,

with, SPERMA-ceti.,/., to hasten.

^, , n. a cave; from

., 8, f.a blot, spot, stain; also, a sunken rock;

from, , m. a spot or stain; also, a wicked man.-, f., to be moved with compassion,

pity; from, , n. the bowels, the heart, affection,

pity, a beloved person.', , m. a SPONGE. Akin to FUNGUS (see).XnOACfH, , m. ashes.

,, in. and f. sown, arable;

,substan-

tively, corn fields; and, , m. a sowing, seed; from.




,, f.

a basket to hold corn or bread ; from.

,, m. and

,, . a fixed length, a sta-

dium ; a place for running, wrestling and other

games, a racecourse; a furlong; from, to fix

permanently.', , m. an urn, water vessel, wine pot, vase.

,part. 2

.

aor. of

.,epos, m. a coin equivalent to a Jewish shekel;

from, to make to stand; hence, to weigh.

, , m. a stake, cross, crucifixion, sacrifice

of the passions and vices; hence

,, f.

,to crucify, mortify the passions and

affections.

, ./. a dried grape; hence, , f. a grape, bunch of grapes.',, dat. , m. an ear of corn., , f. a roof (akin to DECK and THATCH) ; from

',/. ,to cover, sustain. Hence, through the

Lat. tego or in-tego, in-TEGUMENT.

,/., to tread, trample on., , f. barren, that beareth not children ; from.2,

f.

,to go, properly to move in rank or

order. Hence

,a verse ; whence, with Si?,

di-STlCH. See., f. \, to send, clothe, restrain, contract;

mid. to shun, keep oneself apart. Hence peri-

STALTIC.

,fut.

,to groan, sigh; from

., , ov {comp.), narrow. Hence,

with, STENO-graphy.




2, to groan, sigh.

,f,

to have natural affection as between

blood relations, be content, desire.

^, a, bv, solid, firm (hence, with,STEREO-metry ; with, STEREO-type ; with, STEREO-scope); hence

,,/, to strengthen, confirm, make firm.

2,, /. and

,to deprive.

,, n. solidity, the firmament, firmness; from., ov, m. a crown, Stephen; and^, , f., to crown ; from

',/.,to crown.

^, pi. contr. of., imperat. 2. aor. of., , n. the breast. Hence, with,STETHO-scope.

%,inf. 2. aor. of

.STHPI'ZHjf., to confirm, strengthen, fix, establish;

mid. and pass, to stand fast; hence, 1 . «?*, imperat., 3. sing, l.fut.; ), 2. sing. subj. l.aor.;

,2.plur. imperat. 2. aor. of

.%<,,n. a mark, brand, STIGMA; from

, f, to prick, brand. Hence, through the

Latin, stimulate.^., to shine, glitter.

%TOAs

, , f a porch, cloister. Hence Stoics, the

philosophers of the Porch.

, 8, f.anything strewed to walk on, as leaves,

branches, rushes; a branch, bough; from.




,, . an element, a letter

;plur. the first

principles or rudiments; from

,a rank, from

; whence, , /., to move in order, pursue a. walk in

life, conform to, walk orderly., , f.a robe, a vestment worn by priests and

kings; from

,to clothe. Hence stole.

',, n. the mouth, speech, edge of the sword.

', , m. the stomach., , f., to strew. See./,, to take aim.

,, f.

a military expedition, warfare, army,

host; from

.,/,, to go on a military expedition, wage war

against ; war;part. mid. substantively, soldiers ; and, , f.

an army, host ; and, , m. a soldier; from,, . an army. Hence, with

,STRAT-

agem.

, f., to turn, to be converted. Hence

cata-STROPHE., ,/., to live luxuriously or riotously; from, €, contr., n. profligacy, luxury.

,, n. a sparrow; from

^, , m. andf.

a sparrow, also an ostrich.

or, f.(from obs.),

to spread, STROW or STREW; for.

,, f.

(from obs.), to hate, also

to call to witness. Hence the river Styx.

,, m. a pillar. Hence peri-STYLE; also the

name of Simeon Stylites.

!



PARSING LEXICON. 2C3

XT\ gen., dat., ace.; plur., gen., dat.

,ace.

(,and

,are enclitics), thou.

-, eo?, contr., m. andf a kinsman, relation,

one of the same country ; from and yevos.-, f. », to set or sit with, make sit together,

be set down together.

<-\, to call together.

-,to bend together, bow down, bend down,

afflict.-, , m. a partaker, associate; from.-, ,/, sl coincidence, chance; from.Xvy-, to rejoice with or together, congratulate;

hence

,2. plur. 2.aor.p.

Xvy-, to use in common, associate with.

XTKE'H, ; contr., , a fig-tree ; hence-, , f., to calumniate, extort by false

accusation, from

.Hence SYCOPHANT, ori-

ginally an informer against smugglers of figs.

, , f., to despoil; from

XTAH, , f.prey. Hence, with a neg., a-SYLUM.\-, to inclose (in a net), take away with one,

seize, conceive; mid. aid.

2\-\<, to collect, gather up., l.aor.inf.p. of.to go with, fall out or happen, befall.-, to reign with.

,3. sing. perf. of

.3. sing. 2. aor. subj. of

.f., to take counsel with, advise; from.




--, to come together, be present with,

support, be on one's side.

2~7<, to suffocate, choke, press on.

, neut. part, of, to bring together, be conducive to the interest

of, be profitable, expedient, becoming.

^-,} f SYMPHONY, harmony, concert, from

;whence

2-, , m. andf. in unison, accordant, harmonious.

2T y

N, prep, governing a dat. with, at, besides. Hence

many words beginning with SYN-; or, before a

labial (p, b, or m), SYM-; or, before /, SYL-; as, with

,SYN-opsis; with

,SYM-metry; with

?, SYL-logism ; with

,SYL-lable., 2.plur. imperat. 2. aor. Att. redupl. of

£-, to collect, lead in or into, receive as a guest,

welcome; hence

Hvv-aycuyrjj

,f.

a collecting, assembly, congregation,

SYNAGOGUE.

%~, to compare, reckon, assist.-, , m. andf a fellow-captive ; from, a captive (as it were taken with the

spear, from ai-, and).

-,f,

to collect, congregate with; from

,to collect, which is from., 3. sing, l.fut. of ay.Svvapat, I. aor. inf. of.-, to seize or grasp violently.

£-,to increase together; mid. to grow together.

%,3. sing, l.fut. p. of

.-, , m. a fellow-servant, colleague.




-, }?, f.a concourse ; from, to run; see

.,3. sing, 2. aor. of

., , n. a conclave, assembly, the Sanhedrim;

from, a seat, from, fut.., 3. pi. 2. aor. m. of.,, ew?,/. conscience; from, to know., fern. part, perf Att. of., to be with, come together.

, 3. pi. 1. aor. of.3. pi. l.fut. of.-, to come together, go in with, accompany,

associate with.

,fern. part. perf. Att. of

., ,, f., to feast with ; from.-, to hold with or together, confine, oppress, hem

in, constrain, stop up;

pass, and mid. to be seized

with, to be deeply engaged in., 3. sing. plup. of.3. sing. 1. aor. p. of.-, to break in pieces, bruise.

-, to join together, understand, be wise.

-or

-,f.

,to stand with,

place with, present to, recommend, approve, com-

mit, exhibit, appoint, create, manifest; be created,

be constituted, exist, endure. Hence system.-, /. , to go on a journey with ; from

6., ace. part. perf. p. of

., to conserve, preserve, protect, remember.

A A




^-, to put together, appoint, make a bargain,

agree, give assent, promise, covenant.

2-, to run together with, run together.

%-, to break in pieces, crush, bruise; mid. and

pass, to be contrite.

HT'PBH, , or, , f. a tumult, dis-TURBANCF

(derived through the Latin disturbo).

2,/. , to draw, drag, pull along, draw together.

Hence Syetis, according to Sallust, Bell. Jugurth.

2T~2,, m. orf. a hog or sow. Akin to SOW.

2-, to roll into a bundle, collect; from and.2,

indecl. m. Sychem, a man's name; fern, the nameof a city., , n. a victim ; from.2, f. \, to supplant, overturn, prostrate,

deceive expectation, lead into error. Hence,

through the Latin fallo, fail, false, fallacy.

Akin to balk, foil. The is dropped in form-

ing the Latin fallo, as in funda, from, a

sling; in fungus, an excrescence, from;nd in tego, from.1, or

,to slay in sacrifice, kill, wound.

,adv. very much, exceedingly; from

200 2, , bv, vehement, violent, strong.2, , /. a seal, signet, badge, token.?, ?,/, a hammer; hence, ov, n. the ankle (properly the bone of the ankle,

called malleolus, Latin, from malleus, a hammer).

ZXEACXN, adv. nearly.

2X1, f. to cleave, divide, rend. Hence schism.



PARSING LEXICON. 267, , . a rope of bulrushes, a cord ; from

202, , m. a bulrush,

,f. , to be at leisure, be unoccupied, give

oneself to, be empty; from

2XOAH\, leisure. Hence SCHOOL, as being free

from business.

^f., 1. aor.p.

£,to save, preserve, make

whole; from

;hence

^, 3. sing, l.fut.p.

<, 9, n. a body.

%cupev(u,f., to heap up; from

^}, m. a heap. Hence sorites, an argument

consisting of an accumulation of syllogisms.

2, ?, voc., a saviour, preserver ; and, ?,/, safety, salvation; from.%-, , f.

temperance, sobriety, soundness of

mind, prudence, wisdom, decorum; from and

., neui.pl. of 6., neut.pl. of o&e., dat.plur.fem.ofo,, 3. sing. 2>.fut.p. of.

-,?,/, trouble, misery, sorrow ; from

,sorrow, and\.', ov, n. a talent, a measure of weight;

also a sum of money, which at Athens amounted to

about £193 1 5s. ; or, (according to others) £243 15s.

sterling, and consisted of 60 mina3. See.',,

or

,, f.

,to bear or suffer. Akin,

through the Latin, to tolerate., , n. a granary, barn, chamber, closet; from




,. m. a steward, dispenser of food, quaestor,

judge, defender.

, for ,, pi. part. 1. aor. m. of., , bv, low, humble; hence-, , f.humbleness of mind, modesty;

from

.,,/., to bring low, to humble; mid. to

humble oneself, be afflicted; from.,,f. , to disturb, put in fear, perplex.

TA'PTAPOZ, , m. Tartarus, the fabled infernal re-

gions; hence

,,/.

,to cast down to hell.

, ace.fern, of 6.

TAr

HHn,f , to set in order or array, constitute, set

under one's authority, order, determine, appoint,

destine. Hence TACTICS, TAX; with, syn-TAX.

TATPOX, ov, m. a bull.

, neut.pl. and, gen. sing.fern, of., , m. a sepulchre, tomb; hence epi-TAPH; from, 2. aor.., adv. quickly, perhaps; and

,adv. quickly, easily; and

,adv. quickly ; from

TAXT X, ela, {comp. , superl.), quick,

ready.

, conj. encl. and, both.

,part.perf of., pl.part.perf.p. of

.1. aor. p. inf. of., 3. sing.perf. of.




TEFNfljf. Tevco,perf.

,to stretch, extend, strive.

Hence TONE; also, from the fern. part,-understanding, a line), hypo-TENUSE, some-

times erroneously spelt hypotAenuse., , contr., . a fortification, wall.

Te/crj, 3. sing. subj. 2. aor. of

.TE'KMAP, indecl. n. an end, issue, or event; also a sign

hence, , n. a sign, token., , n. offspring, a child; from., , m. an artificer, builder ; from .Hence, with

,archi-TECT.

, a, ov, perfect, unblemished; from, the

end; hence, , /., to make perfect, accomplish, bring

to perfection; and

-,, /.

,to bring to maturity or perfec-

tion; from

., ,/,, to end, decease, end the life(being understood) ; and, ,/,, to finish, perform, pay (tribute); and, pi. contr. from.',

scarcely used except in comp., to do, accom-

plish ; mid. to be., , n. the end; also tribute, tax, expense,

dignity; sometimes a troop of soldiers.

,/,, 2. aor., Att., p. m.,to cut. Hence tome, ana-TOMY, epi-TOME; witha, neg. a-TOM.

TEPA2,, n. a prodigy, miracle., neut. of ; whence

A A 3



270 GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES., indecl. numeral adj. fifty; and, , m. andf.

of forty years old

from.'2%%, or Att., m. and/., n. a, gen.,

four (hence tesselated, through the Latin tessella,

a little square); hence

,, ov, fourth; and

-, ov, m. andf. quadrangular; from., , , m.andf. four hundred; from-or. See., f. , to fabricate, build, prepare, arm for

combat. Hence, with

,penta-TEUCH.

', , /. ashes. Hence

, , /., to reduce to ashes., 1 . aor. p. of., , f.art, skill, artifice (hence technical)

;

hence

,9m. an artificer.

Tfj, dat.fem.of 6.

,/, , to melt.

Trjke, adv. far off; prep, with yen. far from. Hence, with, TELE-scope; with, TELE-gram.*

* TELE-gram.] A warm controversy having recently been

carried on respecting the legitimacy of the formation of the

word telegram—now universally substituted for telegraphic

despatch—and the case in favour of the genuineness of that new

coinage having scarcely been adequately stated, it may not be

out of place here to develop the arguments which, in the present

editor's view, set the question at rest.

On looking cursorily at the point, it might be supposed that

in the same manner as anagram, diagram, and epigram, are com-

binations of , , and em, with the verbal noun —




\-,,(declined like

,but

omitting from the cases of which begin

formed from the perfect passive of, and indicating the

writing or linear drawing produced by the action of the verb—so telegram might be constructed with. But the oi^ponents

of the word telegram object, that such formations are legitimateonly where the first part of the compound word is a preposition

uniting with to form the compound verbs,-, etc.; whereas the combination neither actu-

ally exists, nor is admissible by analogy. If, they say, the

adverb \ be combined with the root, the compound

must assume the form ; and the verbal noun would

be

,from which no other English word could be

derived than telegrapheme.

Undoubtedly, excepting when it is compounded with preposi-

tions, the baryton in composition assumes the form- or-. On that principle are or would be formed-, oko-,-,-, etc.

and those who think telegram an unjustifiable innovation insist

(1.) that, similarly,

-would be the correct formation

and (2.) that, if it is so, the derivative in question must neces-

sarily be telegrapheme, and not telegram.

Both those positions are controvertible.

(1.) In the first place, although is generally an adverb, it

is not always so. The particles to which grammarians have

arbitrarily confined the title of prepositions, such as , dia,

, ,and

,are frequently used as adverbs ; that is,

without governing any case. Hence they fall under the very

same category as, which is a prepositive particle used—when not a prefix in composition—sometimes with a case which it

governs, sometimes without one. Now this is the only definition

which would adequately describe ,, etc. In fact, dia, etc.,

are, on the one hand, as much adverbs as prepositions; and

,on the other, is as much a preposition as an adverb. Con-

sequently, the Greek having the forms,, etc.,

there is no reason why should be "an impossible




with ), so great; from and

,so

great,

which is from, by prefixing the art. to.

, ace. fern, of 6., , f., to keep, observe, preserve, watch,

word." On this first ground, therefore, that rrjXe is a preposi-

tion, telegram is as legitimately formed as diagram.

Neither is there anything in the notion which ri)Xe represents,

to take it out of the class of prepositions ; but quite the con-

trary. If, near to, is a " preposition," why not, Jar

from ? Is it because, besides governing a genitive case, is

also used adverbially ? Certainly not ; for is in precisely

that predicament.

(2.) But, secondly, even were we to surrender the fact that

answers to the definition of a 'preposition, both formally

and substantially, as rigorously as ava. and.—and thus to

concede that, and not, would be the cor-

rect compound— still telegram is justifiable. In relation to

supposable verbs in-, there are participial adjectives,

ending in

-,from which English nouns in -gram in some

instances actually are, and in others may analogously be, de-

rived. Exactly as parallelogram comes from,nd monogram from, although the corresponding

verbs would unquestionably be and-so might telegram be formed from, similarly

related to the (imaginary) verb€€. If parallelogram is

legitimate, telegram is so likewise ; and thus we can afford to

abandon the first alternative of our dilemma.

One of two conclusions follows :—either (1.) that telegram is

a word as analogically formed as any in the English language;

or (2.) that monogram and parallelogram, although transferred

into English direct from the Greek, must be condemned as sole-

cisms, to be replaced by monographeme and parallelograpTieme.

To advance such a position as the latter, is virtually to assert

that the analogies of the Greek language are better understood

by some modern scholars, than they were by the Greeks them-

selves.




defend. Hence, with , ar-TERiES, by the an-

cients supposed to be air-ducts. But others derive

artery from, as being raised by a constant pul-

sating motion.

, gen. fern, of 6.

, neut. of interrog., also adverbially, why; but ,neut.

ofindef

,imperat., f., 1. aor.,2. aor. imperat. , inf. 2. aor. Oelvai, 1. aor. p. ire-

, perf, to put, place, lay, lay down, ren-

der, ordain. Hence theme, thesis, epi-THET.

,f. m.

,2. aor. ere/cov (from obs. ),

to bring forth, generate (generally as a female, but

also as a male), cause to exist., f., to pluck, pluck out, break off., , f, to honour, esteem, treat with honour

or favour; and

, , f fine, price, honour, dignity, veneration,

reward; and, a, ov, costly, honoured {comp.), honorable,

estimable, precious; from., ace. or neut. pi. of ; but ace. or neut. plur. of

;and a similar diversity of accent is to be ob-

served in the other cases of and.'22, f. , to shake, break through.

, m. andf. n. , gen., interrogative pronoun, who,

which, what, any, why; from

TTH, m. andf. n. , gen.

,indefinite pronoun, an en-

clitic in all its cases, including the Attic forms ,, for, ; any, some, certain, some one,




any one, something; (witli av or iav) whosoever,

whatsoever.

^, f. [from obs.) to wound,

hurt, injure., , to honour, estimate, punish, pay, atone for.

To, neut. of 6.

TOT, an end. particle (joined to adverbs and conjunctions,

and having sometimes the force of) although, there-

fore, but indeed; (after) however.

Tot-yap-ovv, conj. therefore, accordingly.

Toi-vvv, conj. therefore.-,

,,or

,declined in all

genders like

,but dropping the initial of the

cases of. Such, such an one., dat.plur. of 6.

TO', , f.boldness, daring (generally in a bad

sense) ; hence

,inf. contr. of

,, f., to dare, be bold, endure, have con-

fidence in; hence, , m. a bold or audacious person., , ov [comp. -), sharp, keen; from.,

ace. of 6.

TO UON, ov, n. a bow to shoot with. Hence is derived

, poison for smearing arrows; whence, with

?, TOXiCO-logy; and, through the Latin, in-

TOXICATE.

,ov, n. a TOPAZ or chrysolite;, from

,sometimes signifies to seek in all places;

whence the name of this stone, from its being in




great demand. Others derive it from the island

Topazos.

TO'1102, , m. a place, room. Hence topics, i.e.

common-places; with, TOPO-graphy; with

, u-TOPIA.- (for declension see or,) , so

great, so much, so many, as great; from and

-, so great, from

.See and

Tore.

-6, then; from ore, as it were the when; which

is, perhaps, similarly, the origin of the word then.

, gen. of 6.

for

,on the contrary ;

from

., ace. plur. of 6., gen. and or (before a vowel), neut. of.,, m. a he-goat. Hence with, trag-

edy, a performance for which originally a goat was

the prize., , f a table. Hence trapezium., , n. a wound; from. Hence

traumatic, a term applied to tetanus arising from

a wound.

TPA'XHAOX, , m. the neck.

TPAXT2, eta, , rough, rugged. Hence TRACHEA.

TPEV%, m. andf. n., gen., dat., three.

Akin to three. Hence, with, TRi-brach

with and, TRi-gono-metry.

,f. . to tremble, fear; from

.,f, to turn.

'/2,/., perf, perfp., to




nourish, bring up. Hence (with a neg.) a-TROPHY,

hyper-TROPHY.

', f., perf. (from obs.). aor. (from obs.), to run. Hence,

with, Hippo-DROME.

TPEil,f, to tremble, fear.

,neut. ofrpeis.

,f. , to rub, bruise, break, exercise, vex,

wear out., f. , to creak, make the noise of grinding or

gnashing the teeth., adv. thrice; and

,dat.plur. from

;whence

, , n. the third floor or story; from., , ov, third; from., ace. sing, and, gen.plur. of., , . a turning, mode, manner; from.Hence TROPIC, TROPE, TROPHY;

and, with

,helio-TROPE., ,/, nourishment, nutriment, instruction; and, ov, f a nurse ; from., , n. a dish.

,,/,, to cut down, gather in the vintage ; from

!, , f.

wheat, corn, fruit, vintage.

,, m. and f. a turtle-dove; from, defect, to murmur,. coo as a dove., , f a hole; hence

,, n. a hole, eye of a needle.

, , f enervating or delicate living, luxury;

from

.,, f.Troas.

'^. , to eat, gnaw, cranch.



PARSING LEXICON. 277',f.

m.,, 2. aor. (from obs.

);perf. p.

,; also fut. (from

obs.) ; to happen to be, happen on, meet,

reach, attain, obtain ; 2. aor. part, as adj. ordi-

nary.

TT'AOX, , m. callous flesh, a wooden nail.

, , m. an impression, model, example, print,

type, figure, emblem, rule, contents (of a letter);

from

',/., to strike, strike off, smite, punish.

,/, , to make a disturbance; mid. to be in

trouble, be disquieted ; from or

., , m. the city of Tyre.

', , bv, blind.

',/., to raise a smoke, stupefy, smoulder,

kindle. Hence, from, stupor from fever,

TYPHUS.

,, bv, tempestuous; from

,a hurricane;

from., , m. Tychicus, a man's name., part. 2. aor. of.dat. and, gen. pi. of 6.

'', , m. the flower hyacinth; a gem

resembling it in colour.', , ov, made of glass; from", , m. glass.

'

,f , to insult, outrage, treat contumeliously,

or injuriously; from

"TBPIH, eo)?, /. insult, injury (hence hybrid) ; hence', , m. a contumelious or injurious person.




'Tytaivoo,/., to be in good health, sound in* faith,

pure; from

**2!, , contr., m. andf, n. e?, healthy, sound,

pure. Hence hygiene, the science of preserving

health.

'TTPOX, a, by, moist, full of sap, green. Hence, with

,HYGRO-meter.

", gen./ ; whence

'-, , f. , to drink water, be a water-

drinker; from.", defect, to sing or celebrate.

",,n. water. Hence DROPSY (formerly

written hydropisy) ; with

,HYDRO-gen ; with

, HYDRO-phobia ; with , HYDRO

statics. Hence also numerous other words begin-

ning with hydr-. Akin to water.

', , m. rain; from.(2,

ov, m. a son.

"TAH, , f.matter, material, wood, timber, filth.

Hence, through the Latin sylva, SYLVAN.

', pi. and, acc.pl. of.', , m. Hymenaeus, a man's name.

',dat.pl.

of

.", , m. a hymn; from.', gen.pl. of.', by apocope for before a vowel.

'-, to bring under, withdraw oneself, go, go

away, die.

'-,to listen, obey.

'-, , f., to come to meet; from, to

meet; from: hence




'-, ea>?, /. meeting.

'-, f. , to begin, be present, belong to, be, be

in, conduce to; from*'^, prep, with a gen. upon, above, respecting, for,

on account of, in behalf of, instead of, by means of;

with an ace. above, beyond, greater than, to the end

that; [after a comparative) than or to; also adverb'

tally, more, exceedingly. Hence all words be-

ginning with hyper-. Akin to upper and

OVER.

'-, to lift up or over, mid. to exalt oneself

above measure, rise, be proud.

'-\, }?, /. passing over, transcendency, excel-

lence, permanence; from.-, f., to pour out too much; mid. to

overflow.

*€-}to hold over, be prominent, be superior to,

surpass, be supreme., , m. andf.

conspicuous, proud ; from

virep and.*-, , /. eminence, excellence, superiority, au-

thority; from

., ,n. an upper chamber; for ; from

. Some take it from.'-, to put under, be subject or subjected to,

undergo.

'-, , m. a rower, attendant, officer, constable,

servant, assistant; from

.', 1. sing, or 3. plur. imperf. of

., , m. sleep.

f

TIIO\ prep., with a gen. by, from; with an ace. under,




in. Hence numerous compound words beginning

with hypo•.

-, , . an image, typical representation,

example; from^.'-, to bind under or on, bind on the feet; pass,

to be shod with sandals; hence

*-,, . a sandal.

'-, , m. a personator, actor, dissembler, HYPO-

CRITE; from-, to answer, personate.', 2. plur. l.fut.of

'-,, to remain behind, sustain, undergo, suffer,

endure, persevere.

'-, 9, /. remembrance, reminding : from

.'- , ?,/, patience; from.', gen. part. 1. aor. of

'-, to blow gently.

'-,to return.

'Tiro-rayr), rjs,f subjection; and^, 2. pi. 2. aor. p.; from

*-, to set under, make subordinate, subject

mid. and pass, to submit oneself, be subject, obey.

?, ?, m. or f a hog or sow; the same as

,the

aspirate being changed into .", , . Heb. HYSSOP, a plant with a stem

about 1^ or 2 feet long.', , /. , to be behind or deficient, come

short, lack; from

",a, ov, subsequent, future.

(\ by apocope for, before an aspirated vowel.

',/. , or, , to weave; hence




', ,bv, woven.

', , ov, high, lofty, eminent; from; hence'-, , f, to have lofty thoughts, be

proud or high-minded.

"TWOS, eo?, n. height, sublimity; hencef

,, /., to exalt, honour.

",/, , to rain. Hence Hyades, a constellation.

, 2. aor. inf. of

',,f.

m., 2. sing,, to eat. Hence,

with

,Anthropo-PHAGI.

',/.,to bring to light, shine, shew; pass, to

be visible, appear (hence phantom, phase, epi-

phany, em-PHASis) ; hence, , f., to manifest, make known.', ?, /. a valley, precipice, chasm.

,, m. & Pharisee.

,£, m. a preparer of drugs or medicines;

from', , n. a drug, poison. Hence phar-

macy.

,vs,f a manger.

^,, ov, vile, evil, wicked.

, defect, to shine; also to speak (whence );also to slay.', defect, to flee from, fear.

02, eo?, n. splendour, a shining light.

,/.,to spare, forbear, forgive.

,,or

,ov, . a cloak; from the

Lat. penula.

',/., to kill.

2 3




',f. (from obs. ),

1. aor.

,2. aor.

rjverytcov (from obs. ivey/ca>), erf. p.

,perf.

m. (from obs.), to bear, tarry, bring,

exhibit; pass, be borne on, come, be heard, rush.

Hence, with?, the name Christo-PHEE, i.e.

carrying Christ; with

,sema-PHORE. Akin

to BEAR.

, f. , perf. p., perf. m., to

flee, flee from, shun, escape. Hence, through the

Latin fugio, fugitive., VS,f saying, report, FAME; from

,f

,2. aor.

,an encl. in the pres., except

2. sing., to say, speak ; from . Hence pro-

PHET.',f.

(from primitive), 2. aor. €07]

(as if from ), to anticipate, prevent, come

first or previously, come suddenly on, happen,

acquire.,f., to sound, utter. Hence apo-

PHTHEGM., f.; or, f.; or, f.; to

destroy, corrupt. Hence phthisis.

,, m. a sound, voice ; from

.ence, with , di-PHTHONG. Perhaps akin to

TONGUE.', ov, m. envy., ?,/, destruction, corruption; from.A'AH, 779,/. a bowl, cup, vial.

-, , f love of mankind, love toward man,

humanity, philanthropy, benevolence ; from" and; whence




-^, ,f.

love of money, avarice ; from

-., , /. , to love, delight in, be wont, kiss

(hence, with, PHiLO-sophy; also other words

beginning with PHIL-); and

,, f.

a female friend ; from

.,ov, m. Philetus, a man's name.

,, , m. the city Philippi., ov, m. Philip.-, , f.love of contention, emulation, dispute,

striving; from, and; whence

-, , m. and f. kind to strangers, hospitable;

from, and

02, ov, m. (irreg. comp.,, and, and their corresponding superlatives), sl

friend, companion; adj. fond of.

(,ov, m. a muzzle; hence

, , f., to muzzle, reduce to silence; mid. and

pass, to be silent, quiet., f. , 2. aor., to burn, be inflamed.

Hence phlegm.

~or or

,defect, to boil over, to be a

vain talker.

, ?,/'. a flame; from&., , f., to terrify; mid. to fear, reverence, be

pious (hence, with, hydro-PHOBiA) ; and, ov, m. terror, fear, awe, reverence ; from -

.,, m. a palm; also the port Phenice.,, m. a man-slayer, murderer; and, ov, m. killing, murder; from.




,,/,

,to wear; and

, , n., and, , m. a burden, cargo

from., f., to speak, tell, declare, explain. Hence

PHRASE.

'2%, f. , to fence off, obstruct, stop trie mouth,

reduce to silence. Hence dia-PHRAGM.

, , n. a well, cistern.*, evo?, /. the mind, understanding, praecordia,

midriff. Hence phrensy; with ?, phreno

logy.

,,/. the roaring or motion of the sea, ripple;

hence, f. , perf., to be rough, shudder,

quake for fear., , f., to mind, be minded, think, under-

stand, be of opinion, be wise, care for ;

,mindfulness; from., , /., to guard, keep guard, preserve, des-

tine for; from, a guard, from and

or.',/. , to roar, rage.

,, n. a branch or dry twig; from

,or, to parch, burn., neut. part. 2. aor. p. of., %, /. a watch, guard, prison; and,, m. a watch, guard; from

',f.

,to preserve, keep, watch, guard,

observe ; mid. to be on one's guard against, avoid.

Hence phylactery.\ ,/. a tribe, family.




',, . a leaf. Hence, through the Latin

folium, FOLIAGE.

, , . a kneaded mass (as of clay, dough, etc.)

from or

',/. , to mix, knead.

,,/., to inflate.

,, bv, natural; and

, adv. naturally; from., ,/., to inflate, be puffed up; from., €,/. nature, instinct, species (hence PHYSICS;

with, PHYSlO-gnomy) ; from

or

,f.

,2. aor.

}to beget, produce,

grow, germinate.', , m. a hole, lair., , f, to call, call out, bid to, summon;

from^,, a voice, sound, noise. Hence, with ,sym-PHONY; eu-PHONY.

, , m. a thief. Hence, through the Latin fur,

FURTIVE.

, , n. light, enlightenment (hence, with,PHOTOgraphy); contr.for, from; hence

-}

, m. andf bringing light; subst. the dawn;Lucifer, the morning-star (hence phosphorus),

from., , bv, light, full of light, illuminated; from

.

,f., to yawn, gape.

,/., to rejoice, be in health; imperat.,hail ! God speed.



286 GKEEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES.

XA'AAZA, ,/, hail.

XAAA'fl, , /, to let down, lower.

, , bv, difficult, dangerous; from, /., to injure, destroy.

-^^, , /, to guide with a bridle, curb;

from and

XAAINO'2, , m. a bridle.

,, m. a worker in brass or copper, a smith;

from.,, m. CHACEDONT, a sort of onyx stone,

so called from the city Chalcedon.

XAAKO'H,

, .brass, a piece of brass money, a bra-

zen trumpet.

, 3. pi. contr. of., adv. on the ground., ,/, joy; from.

,, n. an engraving or sculpture, a mark cut

or impressed, stamp, sign; and

,, . a stake, wall, trench, fortification; from

'^^,/. , to sculpture, excavate, impress, en-

grave. Hence character., 2. aor. p. inf. /.,

ace. /

,used adverbially, for the purpose or

sake of, because of.

XA'PIS, , /. grace, favour, benevolence, thanks,

thanksgiving, gratitude, joy (hence eu-CHARJST);

hence

,, n. sl gratification, favour, endowment,

miraculous gift.

XAPTH2, , . paper. Hence CHART, charter,

CARD.




,, . a CHASM, gulf ; from

.,pi. contr. of

XETAOX, contr., a lip, discourse, speech, the

sea-shore.,, n. winter.

,o?,/., dat.pl., the hand, power, contriv-

ance. Hence, with epyov, CHiR-urgeon (by cor-

ruption, surgeon), the u in chirurgeon coming from

the contraction of oe into ov(= u) in-.-^, ov, m. one who leads by the hand; from

and <.

,, . and /., n. ovs comp. of

,worse.

Xepai, dat. pi. of.2, or, f, 1. aor., perf p.-, to pour, melt. Hence chemist or chymist.

Also, prefixing the Arabic article al, al-CHEMY.

,?,/, a widow (yvvrj being understood); from

XHnP02, a, ov, desolate, widowed,

, adv. yesterday.,, . the ground.

XCki-, , . a chiliarch, the governor of 1,000

men, a chief; from and., ,

f. subst. a thousand ; from

,, a, adj. a thousand.^,, . a tunic (the inner garment, opposed

to, the outer garment), coat, garment;

pi. clothes.

^,,f.

snow.

%, ?, f. a robe, cloak worn by soldiers

especially the general's cloak., f. , to laugh, scoff, deride; from




,779,/.

laughter.

XAIATNS2,f., to warm; hence

, a, bv, warm, lukewarm., a, bv, green, pale, livid; from

XAO'A, ,/, grass.

,,/. a dry measure, containing about a

pint and a half.

XOVPO^} , m. a hog, swine.^, , f.

bile, gall, bitterness, poison. Hence

CHOLER; with, melan-CHOLY., indecl. n. the city of Chorazin.

-^, , /.

,to lead or defray the cost of a

chorus; take the lead, supply the cost of anything,

furnish, minister; from, and

XOPCTX, , m. a dance, choral dance, chorus, choir,

troop.

,/. ,to feed on, graze, satisfy with food,

satisfy; from

XO'PTO^, , m. hay, fodder, grass, herbage, blade of

corn., ,/,, to lend; mid. to borrow, use.

,?,/, use, advantage, want, need, necessity.

2, ,contr.

,a debt, loan, fate (i.e. the debt

of nature), duty, a thing, a cause, necessity, utility,

an oracle; hence-, , m. a debtor; from., f., impers. it is proper, necessary, requisite,

it is

becoming,it ought;

from

.,, n. a thing; pi. money, wealth; from

, to use; hence, f. , to transact business, give audience,




impart divine warning; pass, and mid. to receive a

divine warning, be warned of God, be called or

entitled; hence, , . the response of an oracle, a divine

warning., f., to be obliging, kind ; from

,, bv, useful, agreeable, kind, virtuous; from

; hence

,,/ goodness, kindness, beneficence., , . anointed, Christ; from

, f., to anoint, consecrate as priest or king.

XPO'A, ,/,colour, surface, skin.

Hence,with

aneg.

a-CHROMATIC.

,/,, to delay; from

XPO'NOZ, , . time. Hence chronicles; with

?, CHRONO-logy.

,neut.plur. cont. of

,4a, eov, contr., ,, golden; and

, , n. gold; from; whence-, , . a CHRYSOLITE, a gem of a gold

colour, a topaz; from.-7, , . a CHRYSOPRASE, a gem of a green-

ish colour like a leek; from and

., , n. gold; from

XPTZOH, , . gold. Hence chrysalis., gen. contr. and, ace. contr. of.2. sing, imperat. contr. of.?,/, the skin, the body; from

.!, , bv, lame, mutilated, weak.

, , f.place, district, country, land ; from.

, , f, to go, walk, contain, admit, receive,

c C




understand,, proceed, succeed, retreat, depart, putasunder. Hence ana-CHORET, by corruption anchorite.

, f. ), to separate; from., , . a piece of ground, place, farm, estate;

from.,, adv. apart, without, besides, unless, by itself.

XfTP02, , m. a place, space, field, farm; also Caurus

or Corns, the north-west wind, or the quarter from

which it blows.,, f., perf. m. sometimes, to touch,

play on a stringed instrument, sing, make melody,

celebrate; hence

,, m. a PSALM.

', , m. sand., f., to scrape, clean, plane; also to reduce to

particles ; also to touch, reach. Hence, with,palim-PSEST.

-,, m. a false brother; from

,and

, , cont., m. andf. false, lying; from

;hence-, , m. a false witness; and-, , . a false prophet.

',/., to deceive; mid. to lie. Hence pseudo-

science, and other combinations beginning with

pseudo-.

, ,/,, to touch, feel, grope for; from

and touch, from Ion. 2. aor. of., Zplur. JEol. opt. 1. aor. of.f., to count, calculate; from

%,, .a pebble or bean for voting, suffrage.

02, , . sl whisper (derived by onomatopoeia,

from the sound of whispering) ; hence, , m. a whisperer, backbiter., %o?,/• a particle or crumb; hence




,,

m. dimin. a small bit or crumb.

\, f.

the soul, life, a man. Hence, with

,PSYCHO-logy; also met-em-PSYCHOSis., eo?, n. subst. cold; and, a, bv, adj. cold; from

',/. ,2.., to breathe, cool, dry;

mid. or pass, to grow cold.

,/., to feed by putting bits in the mouth

supply food to ; from^, , m. a mouthful; hence, , dimin. a bit, mouthful.

,f. , to break in pieces ; from.

, the last letter of the alphabet, used metaphorically to

signify the last. See A.

, interj. !

* subj. of., dat. of.

-Se, adv. here, hither; from.

, , f. a song, ODE (hence pros-ODY); from

.See., o>,f. and (as if from ), to push.

Hence, with and evhov, within, ex-OSMOSE and

end-OSMOSE the passage of fluids through pores

from or into a body.

,3. sing.plup.p. of

., plur. subj. of.02, , m. the shoulder., 1. aor of,*,.$'. From gen. comes, with ?,

ONTO-logy.

, gen.pl. of., ,/., to buy.

(, , n. an egg. Hence by inserting the digamma,

Lat. ovum, an egg; whence oval.




, ,n. the upper part of a house.

", ?,/, care, regard. Hence, with \, the pyl-

ORUS.

", , /. time, an HOUR. Hence, with,ORO-scope.

or, f., to howl or roar; properly

said ofdogs, wolves, or

lions.

^^, 2.plur. 1 aor. of

.%, adv. so, as, as it were, how, when, thus, about,

since, namely; with a superl. adj. or adv. it signifies

as as possible; as, , as quickly

as possible. In this sense it is equivalent to the

Lat. quam, in such phrases as " quam celerrime,"" quam maxime," etc.', indecl. Hosanna! a Hebrew interjection or

exclamation of prayer or blessing.-, adv. thus, likewise; from, in the same

manner, from.-el, adv. as if, as, as it were, about.

3

}3. pi. subj. of.or, dat. pi. of.

"-, adv. even as, as, as it were.

(-, so as to, so that, in order to, therefore; (after

or

)that.

*, ace. of ; whence

, , n. dimin. an ear., 3. sing, imperf. of6\., , f, to assist, profit, be useful to.

', 3. sing. 1. aor. p. of., 6, m. the eye, face, countenance (hence, with

,Cycl-OPs); from

.WERTHEIMER AND CO., PRINTERS, FINSBURY CIRCUS.



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The Greek Testament Roots in a Selection of Text Giving the Power or Reading the Whole New...

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