The Greek City States
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Transcript of The Greek City States
![Page 1: The Greek City States](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/568134b5550346895d9bd3fc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Greek City StatesI. Early Greeks
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A. Land & Sea
1. Balkan Peninsula
-Divided by short mountain ranges
2. Seas provide for trade
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B. Early Greek Peoples*
1. Minoans – earliest known peoples
2. Traders and sailors
3. Accomplishments:
1. Writing system
2. Frescos
3. Running water
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3. Polis (City-States)*
a. Centered around a fort
b. Consisted of city, lands & farms surrounding
c. Represented
1). Geographical territory
2). Community
3). Political & economic independence
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d. Similarities
1). Citizenship: males born in Greece
2). fort built on acropolis (hill)
3). agora (marketplace)
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e. Separate identity
1). Government & laws
2). Calendar
3). Money
4). Weights & measurements
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f. Same traits
1). Language (Greek)
2). Religious practices
3). Festivals
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II. Greek Society
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•A. Greek Culture
•1. Religious beliefs
•a. Purposes
•1). Explain nature
•2). Explain irrational actions
•3). Benefits for living
•4). Afterlife is unimportant
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•b. Myths*
•1). Rationalization of world
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•2). Oracles - priests & priestesses
•a). Translate the wishes of the gods
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•c. Pleasing the gods*
•1). Show strength & bravery
•a). Olympic Games honor Zeus
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•2. Literature*
•a.Homer: Iliad
•1). Trojan War
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•b. Homer: Odyssey
•1). Post war story
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•B. Government
•1. Aristocracies*
•a. Ruled by privileged class / group of nobles
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•3. Hoplite
•a. Wealthy non-aristocrat soldiers
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•4. Tyrants
•a. Took control w/ people’s support
•c. Increased trade
•d. Became unjust
•e. Tyrant: someone who abuses power w/ brutality
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•5. Popular government
•a. Democracy - government by the people
•b. Limited participation
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III. Sparta & Athens
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•A. Sparta
•1. . Government
• a. 2 kings
• 1). Lead army
• 2). Conduct religious ceremonies
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•b. Ephors*
•1). 5 yearly elected men
•2). Charged w/ public affairs
•3). Guide education
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•2. Social Classes
•a. Aristocrats (equals)
•b. Peroicci (half citizens)*
•1). Free, tax paying
•2). Artisans & Merchants
•3). Served in military
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•c. Helots - “captured”
•1). Worked the land
•2). Enslaved people owned by city-state
•3). 1/2 crops to land owner (aristocrats)
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•4. Basic beliefs
•a. Change is bad
•b. Be the strongest military power
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Sparta Other city-states
Using iron rods Using coins
Uneducated Literature & Art
Farmers & Slave labor Business & Trade
Poor High Culture
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•B. Athens
•1. Government
•a. Monarchy
•b. Oligarchy
•1). Small wealthy ruling class
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•f. 508 bce – Cleisthenes
•1) Direct Democracy*
•2) Council of 500
•a) 10 tribes - 50 men
•b) 1 yr term - no more than 2
•c) Proposed laws to assembly
•d) Athenian born men only
Direct Democracy:all citizensparticipate
in governmentdecisions
Representative
Democracy:elected
representatives
govern
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IV. Daily life in Athens
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A. Athenian Economy
1. Farming
2. Trade
3. Public works*
1. Money spent on public buildings
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3. Men
a. 7 y.o. – schooling
b. Pedagogue taught manners
c. 18 y.o. - formal citizen
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4. Women*
a. No rights:
1. No property rights
2. Not in public w/o permission
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C. Education
1. Memorization
•2. Sophists - open schools for older boys*
•a. Ethics: good/bad, moral duty
•b. Rhetoric: public speaking / debate
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V. Greek Expansion
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• A. Persian Wars
• Persians attempt to expand west
• Battle of Thermopylae – story of 300 Spartans (Greece loses)
• Battle at Salamis – Persians defeated by Athenian navy*
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• B. Delian League
•1. Defensive league
•2. Members gain benefits, lose independence
•3. Pericles uses money to benefit Athens*
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D. Peloponnesian War (431 bc)
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•1. Athens & Corinth fight over trade
•2. Athens & Sparta rivals
•3. Sparta lays siege to Athens
•a. Sparta joins with Persia to stop Athenian supplies
•4. No unity for Greece
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VI. Greek Art
• The Golden Age
• “Beauty for the sake of beauty.”
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• A. Architecture
•1. Parthenon - temple to Athena atop the Acropolis
•a. Perfectly balanced
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Parthenon Interior
Temple toAthena*
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• B. Painting
•1. Subject
•a. Mythological events
•2. Style
•a. Contour & depth (light/shade)
•b. Showed simplicity and balance*
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• C. Sculpture
•1. Realistic & proportionate*
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• D. Greek Ideals
•1. Glorified the human being
•2. Pride in city-states
•3. Belief in harmony, balance, order & moderation
•4. Belief in combining beauty & usefulness
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VII. Philosophers & Writers*
• Philosophy: the study of basic questions of reality and human existence
• Began a new way of thinking about the world and society
• Cosmologists – studied nature of the universe*
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• A. Socrates
•1. Education is key to personal growth
•2. Socratic Method - learning through questioning
•3. Students should learn to think for themselves*
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• B. Plato
•1. Student of Socrates
•2. Government should be aristocracy*
• (intellectual upper class)
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• C. Aristotle
•1. Student of Plato
•2. Logical study leads to truth
•3. Ethics - what brings happiness
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D. Writing history
1. Herodotus - Father of History
a. Noted observed vs. retold
2. Thucydides
a. History should be fair and accurate*
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E. New Ideas
a. Hippocrates – bases medicinal treatment on reason not magic*
b. Thucydides -
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VIII. Alexander the Great
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• B. Alexander the Great
• 1. Desires to spread Greek culture*
• 2. Student of Aristole
• a. Science & philosophy important
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• C. Alexander’s Empire
• 1. Unifying Macedonians, Greeks & Persians
• 2. Builds Alexandria
• 3. Rules known world until death
• a. 3 generals split kingdom
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• D. Greek Influences*
• 1. Greek methods for banking & business
• 2. Art, architecture, and literature spread throughout known world*
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IX. Hellenistic Culture
• Hellenistic: Greek-like: a blend of Greek, Mediterranean and Asian cultures
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A. Contributions:
1. Women’s rights to property
2. Increased the middle class*
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3. Medicine
a. autopsy criminal bodies
b. learned from Egyptian practices*
c. Hippcrates – believed in medicinal practices based on reason not on magic*
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Lasting Impacts*
• Democracy
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Things to know for the test!!!*Cultural diffusion