ROCHAS SEDIMENTARES. Sequência de Rochas Sedimentares Grand Canyon, Arizona Paisagens Sedimentares.
The Greater Grand Canyon-Peaks Ecosystem & the Arizona … · 2015-02-09 · Amy Whipple Northern...
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The Greater Grand Canyon-Peaks Ecosystem &the Arizona Ecological Transect
byNeil Cobb
Kirsten IronsideAmy Whipple
Northern Arizona University
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The Greater Grand Canyon-Peaks Ecosystem &the Arizona Ecological Transect
The Arizona Ecological Transect:Greater Grand Canyon-Peaks Ecosystem
Drought – Pinyon – Global Warming
Climate Change Research
Building Bridges
Regional Networks
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Greater Grand Canyon-Peaks Ecosystem
StreamsGreater Grand Canyon-Peaks Ecosystem
Highways
Cities
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Greater Grand Canyon-Peaks Ecosystem
Southern Greater Grand Canyon-Peaks Ecosystem
Northern Greater Grand Canyon-Peaks Ecosystem
C Hart Merriam Elevation Gradient
Beaver Creek Experimental Watershed
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Major Gradients1. Temperature2. Precipitation3. Urban-Wildlands & Land Use4. Soil Chronosequence (5 mya)
C Hart Merriam Gradient
Environmental Gradientsas Barometers
of Global Change
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Rainout/Rainon Shelters
Arthropod Pitfall Traps
Pinyon Transplants
Transect Corners
Nitrogen FertilizationPlots
Gradient Researchand Education Projects
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Egbert Schwartz Maribeth Watwood
Microbial Ecology
Bruce Hungate Steve HartEcosystem Ecology
George Koch Tom Kolb
Plant Physiological Ecology
Nancy Johnson Kitty Gehring
Mycorrhizal Ecology &Ecological Genetics
Wireless Sensor Networks
Paul Flikkema
Climate Change Research:Ecosystem Perspective
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Mesquite Scrub
Pinyon-Juniper
Ponderosa
Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed
Beaver Creek Experimental Watershed
USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station & UofAresearch activities dating back to the 1950’s.
The United Nations “Man and the Biosphere” Preserve
The V-V ranch
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Mesquite Scrub
Pinyon-Juniper
Ponderosa
Flagstaff
Payson
Prescott
Beaver CreekExperimentalWatershed
Beaver
Creek
Fossil C
reek“Sinagua Circle”
Conserving Water through theAges
USFS-University Collaboration
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Walnut Creek Center forEducation and Research
Merriam-PowellResearch Station
Sierra AnchaField Station
Santa RitaExperimentalRange Southwest
Field Station
Beaver CreekWatershed
Arizona Field Station Network
Walnut Gulch
A FrameworkFor buildingThe transect
Precipitation Exps
Temperature Exps
Flux Towers
Phenology Networks
Legacy Networks
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Data Access Project
Northern ArizonaResearch Database
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S.E.R.F.Collaboratory VisionCommunity DataResourcesPublications/Online DataGIS/Remote SensingStudy DescriptorsTechnical Resources
Cross-Data Analytical ToolsCollaborative VisualizationsAuthenticationDiscussion ForumsPersonal Analyses Tool Kits
Cross-Pollination & OutreachGraduate Student Exchange
Navajo Nation Outreach ProgramSpecial sections to SERF & INRAM
ThemesResetting ecosystems: Landscape to RegionEvolutionary Ecology of Extreme EventsGlobal Climate ChangePhenology ShiftsCascading Impacts on BiodiversityInvasive Species
ProductsGrand Theme & Review PapersOriginal Research PapersIT advancement papersModelingWhite paper protocols
Policy Papers
DIREnet
CoordinationNAU Coordinating TeamSteering CommitteeCore Participants
Other NetworksInformation Portals
S.E.R.F.Collaboratory VisionCommunity DataResourcesPublications/Online DataGIS/Remote SensingStudy DescriptorsTechnical Resources
Cross-Data Analytical ToolsCollaborative VisualizationsAuthenticationDiscussion ForumsPersonal Analyses Tool Kits
Cross-Pollination & OutreachGraduate Student Exchange
Navajo Nation Outreach ProgramSpecial sections to SERF & INRAM
ThemesResetting ecosystems: Landscape to RegionEvolutionary Ecology of Extreme EventsGlobal Climate ChangePhenology ShiftsCascading Impacts on BiodiversityInvasive Species
ProductsGrand Theme & Review PapersOriginal Research PapersIT advancement papersModelingWhite paper protocols
Policy Papers
DIREnet
CoordinationNAU Coordinating TeamSteering CommitteeCore Participants
Other NetworksInformation Portals
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Drought as an Additional Controlon PJ Woodlands
ParadigmGrazing & Fire Suppression
Promote Woodlands
Modified ParadigmDroughts Can Reset
Successional Clock of Woodlands
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1936
1997
Infilling of Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands
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High Elevation
Low Elevation
Medium Elevation
1936 to1996
60 yearsofwoodlandchange
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Circles are proportional to % mortality
1996-2004 Pinyon-Juniper Mortality
100%
40%
20%
33%
10%
5%
Pinyon Juniper
San Francisco Peaks
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May 17, 2003 North of San Francisco Peaks
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September 20, 2003 North of San Francisco Peaks
PJ Woodland Juniper Woodland
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Legend1883193619972004
*Error bars represent range of possible 1883 values, not SEM
*
*
*
Percent Cover Change 1883-2004
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1892 Resetting Ecosystems
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2001 109 Years of Increasing Woodland
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2003 Densities Comparable to 1883Government Land Office Records
Are Pinyon-Juniper WoodlandsSet for a New Trajectory??
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Southwest Climate
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Average
Annual
Temperature
(Fareinheit)
53
54
55
56
57
58
Average
Precip(In)
8
9
10
11
12
13
TemperaturePrecipitation
A Hotter Drought: A First Look at Global WarmingDrought?
Breshears et al. 2005. Regional vegetation die-off in response toglobal-change type drought.
(In Press, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA).
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Invasive Species
Changing LandUse
Global Warming
Ecological Impacts Unpredictable
Management Issues more Complex