The great war part two

To what extent should we embrace nationalism?

The Great War

The War to End All

Wars


The WWI Timeline

• Open War – Aug 1914

• War of Attrition starts – Sept 1914

• Total War – 1916

• The Last Push – 1917

• 1917 – May, Germans begin to lose ground

• 1917 – Summer USA joins the war

• Canada’s 100 Days (Aug 8 – Nov 11, 1918)

• Nov 11, 1918 – Armistice

• Jan 1919 – Treaty of Versailles


The Beginning of the War

• Schlieffen Plan

• Aug 1914 – 1,500,000 advance into

Belgium

• French – old mentality, bright, no

helmets, rifles… 500,000

causalities!

• Miracle of Marne – 2 million clash

• Hitler’s lesson - blitzkrieg

• Sept – repositioned – stalemate

begins


The War of Attrition

• Western Front:

– Race for the sea begins

– Trench warfare begins

• Eastern Front:

– Russia mobilizes 5 million

– 400 trains a day sent from Western Front

– Russia quickly out of supplies

• Southern Front

– A-H and Serbia – mountains of Serbia

– A-H loses ½ of their army


Old Strategies

(Infantry and Cavalry Charges)

Met Machine Guns


Old Strategies


Met Machine Guns

Led to Trench Warfare

To what extent should we embrace nationalism?http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwone/launch_ani

_western_front.shtml

Marne

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwone/launch_ani_western_front.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwone/launch_ani_western_front.shtml


For more info on Trench Warfare, go to http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/3d/trench.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwone/launch_vr_trench.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwone/launch_vr_trench.shtml


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRv56gsqkzs


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:British_wounded_Bernafay_Wood_19_July_1916.jpg


Old Strategies


Met Machine Guns


Led To:

Reconnaissance

Planes

Fighter Planes


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..\..\..\MEDIA-SHARED\mp3s\social 20\denny may's message.mp3

..\..\..\MEDIA-SHARED\mp3s\social 20\john spearn - roy brown and wop may.mp3


Old Strategies


Met Machine Guns


Led To

Reconnaissance

Planes

Fighter Planes

Gas

Warfare


Old Strategies


Met Machine Guns


Led To

Reconnaissance

Planes

Fighter Planes

Gas

Warfare

Artillery

Barrages


They were enormous

canons that could launch

shells that weighed a ton

15 kilometers. There

destructive power could

penetrate two meters of

earth, three meters of

concrete in a meter thick

wall.


Old Strategies


Met Machine Guns


Led To

Reconnaissance

Planes

Fighter Planes

Gas

WarfareArtillery

Barrages

TanksMass

Attacks


The first tank was named “Little Willie” and could travel 3 miles per hour, (2 on rough terrain). This tank was restricted as it could not cross trenches. Early on, tanks often broke down and became ditched - i.e. stuck in a muddy trench - more often than anticipated. Tanks were deployed during

the notorious, almost swampy, conditions of the Third Battle of Ypres (more commonly known as 'Passchendaele'). They promptly sank in the mire and were entirely without benefit.

By 1917 however, the tanks had improved so that they helped solve the problem of trench warfare, and were iincreasingly used during the Allied advance of summer 1918.

http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/ypres1.htm

http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/ypres1.htm


1916 – Total War

• Diverting all resources and

attention to the war effort

• Food rations for civilians

• Use of propaganda


Opening Barrage:

1200 guns targeted 60 forts and strong

points. Over 80 000 shells hit per day.

A huge gaping hole was torn in the

French defenses.

Bravery – Hand to Hand Combat:

More than 80 % of casualties were

taken in hand to hand combat.

Flame Throwers:

Both sides used flame throwers to

gain territory.

French Defenders:

French defenders caught in the open

were blown apart. 98 % of units were lost

and men went insane from the exploding

shells

Final Casualties:

978 000 casualties shared by both

sides.

British and Russian Help;

The British launched an attack

along the Somme river, and the

Russians attacked the Austrians in

the east, hoping to draw some of

the German forces away.

Battle of Verdun

Feb 21, 1916


Opening Barrage:

1500 guns bombed German

defenses for 5 days.

German Withdrawal:

The German troops withdrew from

the frontline trenches into the back

trenches, knowing they could

rearm their guns in 3 minutes.

British Advance – Machine Guns:

The British felt that no one would

survive the barrage, and they sent

a 12 mile column of four rows of

men (only 2 meters apart) towards

the well armed German machine

guns.

20 000 died on the first day.

TOTAL CASUALITIES:

1 088 907

(other estimates are as high as 1.5

million

Somme Offensive

June 24, 1916


The Somme

“Somme. The whole history of the

world cannot contain a more

ghastly word.”

Friedrich

Steinbrecher


Who else was at

The Battle of The

Somme?


1917 – The Big Pushes

• Feb - Russian Revolution

– What effect does this have?

• Germans push to conquer Europe before Americans arrive. 1.5 to 1.3 million

• What happens when they break through?

• Allies Come Back

– Vimy – April

– Canada’s 100 Days

– American’s fill ranks

• Nov 9 – German’s are in full retreat


Arthur Currie


The Creeping Barrage


Other Canadian

Contributions


Prime Ministers at War

Two of Canada’s future

Prime Ministers fought

in WWI.

Can you identify them?


…Lice and anxiety came into my life about the same time. At stand-to one morning a flight of whizz-bangs skimmed the top of the trench. The man next to me went down with a scream and half his face gone. The sand-bag in front of me was ripped open and I was blinded and half-choked with its contents.

…At the end of the short trench I stumbled over something. A bank of cloud cleared for a moment from the moon, and I saw it was a headless body.

…I went back to my post, frightened beyond anything that should be humanly possible. Twice I was blown off my feet by the concussion of bursting shells. The whine of falling shrapnel filled the air. I seemed to be all alone in a world tottering into ruin. If only the noise would stop I felt I might keep my reason. I think I prayed for a direct hit to end it all. By a miracle, however, I was not even touched.

…One got used to many things, but I never overcame my horror of the rats. They abounded in some parts, great loathsome beasts gorged with flesh. I shall never forget.

…I had one from a woman friend who had always seemed intelligent and understanding. Yet she asked this singular question: Is it as bad as they say it is out there, or is it only the shortage of cigarettes that makes it seem so rotten?“ The irony of it coming at that time made me giggle like a schoolgirl. The others wanted to know the joke so I read it aloud. The comments were unprintable.


Daddy, what did you do in the war?

A TOTAL WAR Effort

Smear Campaign against the Enemy!


An appeal to women!

Wartime materials meant more than just weapons

Russians Unite!

An effort beyond social class

http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/images/pp_us_01.jpg

http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/images/pp_rus_04.jpg


What does this poster reveal about Canada’s war effort?

Lets Go Canada!

What is the irony in this poster?


This Monument Reads:

“MONS WAS RECAPTURED BY THE CANADIAN CORPS ON

THE 11th NOVEMBER 1918

AFTER FIFTY MONTHS OF GERMAN OCCUPATION FREEDOM WAS RESTORED TO THE CITY

HERE WAS FIRED THE LAST SHOT OF THE GREAT WAR”

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Mons_plaque.JPG


November 11 - 1918• ALLIES

– 5.2 Million Dead

– 12.8 Million

Wounded

• CENTRAL POWERS

– 3.5 Million Dead

– 8.8 Million

Wounded

TOTAL DEAD – 18.6 million TOTAL Military WOUNDED – 21.2 million


• Canada’s War Effort: (not including

Nfld)• Total Population: 6.8 Million

• Total Enlistees: 620 000

• Wounded: 173 000

• Killed: 67 000

• Proportionally Equivalency• 3 200 000 Enlistees

• 888 000 Injured

• 320 000 Killed

November 11 - 1918


Identify as many territorial differences as you can between the map of Europe in 1910 (pre-WWI), 1919 (post-WW1, and 2008.


THE GREAT TRAGEDY

The human face of the Great War


Human Statistics

“One death is a tragedy

One million deaths is a statistic.”

-Joseph Stalin


Our LAST WWI SoldierDuring the hype of the 2010 Winter Olympics...

John Babcock (age 109) passed away

July 23, 1900 - Feb 18, 2010

He was 15 when he enlisted

Canada wanted to give him a state funeral

He had declined the idea before dying


• Most families from North America, Europe, Oceania, and parts of Asia and Africa were impacted by “The Great War”

• Homework:

– Major project

– Discover your family’s

connection to the war (if there

is one).

Examples:

- Joey Shackleford’s great uncle

- Mr. Fletcher’s great-grandpa

What’s Your Story?


•Motorcycle message courier

•Chauffeur to Robert Service

•Liberator of Lille, France

•Married a Parisian

•Came back to a soddie

• in the prairies

• Then built this “starter” home

Joseph Fletcher


Charles “Barney” Searle:

Lied about his age to get in... Real age: 15

Barney Searle


Lieutenant John Bryson Cascaden

John graduated from Lethbridge High School (later called LCI) and studied engineering at the University of Alberta. He was killed on the frontlines in Belgium on June 3, 1916.


Sergeant Harold Hamilton

When Harold went to war, he brought along his teaching certificate for good luck. The certificate was lost on the slopes of Vimy Ridge, and returned to his father in Lethbridge months later. Harold was killed on November 19, 1917.


Gunner John Vincent James-Davies

John was just twenty years old when he enlisted with the 39th Battery Canadian Field Artillery. Just days before his unit was to ship out, he underwent an emergency appendectomy and died days later at the Galt Hospital (now the Galt Museum. He was laid to rest at Mountain View Cemetery with full military honours.


Sergeant Frederick Hugh MacBeth

Fred graduated high school in Lethbridge, and went on to become a civil engineer. He was killed in action near Heuvelland in Belgium on November 17, 1915.


Sergeant William Emsley Raley

William graduated from high school in Lethbridge and later received an engineering degree from the University of Toronto. On October 9, 1916, he received a severe shrapnel wound during the Battle of the Somme. Two days later, William died of his wounds. He was just twenty-three years old.


Major Alvin Ripley

Alvin was in command of the 20th Battery Canadian Field Artillery when he was killed in action on May 2, 1917. He left to mourn a wife and three young children. Alvin was laid to rest at La Targette British Cemetery in France.


Gunner Millard Joseph Robison

Millard was just twenty years old when he was wounded on the muddy fields of Passchendaele. He received gunshot wounds to the head and side and passed away on November 19, 1917.


Second Lieutenant Clarence Edward Sherlock

Clarence received his education in Lethbridge and later became a school teacher. He was a member of the prestigious Royal Flying Corps and passed away in a plane crash on August 19, 1918.


Private Robert Hamilton Sherlock

Robert was born and raised in Lethbridge, and was trained as a mechanic. He served with the Canadian Army Service Corps. Robert became ill during the Spanish Influenza epidemic, and passed away on October 15, 1918 in Halifax.


Major Alexander Boswell Stafford

Alexander was in command of the 39th Battery Canadian Field Artillery when he lost his life on June 24, 1917. He had owned several businesses in Lethbridge, and had even tried his hand at the Klondike Gold Rush. Alexander left to mourn a wife and two young daughters.


The Christmas Truce

• Christmas Eve 1914 (YPRES)

• Stille Nachte

• No Man’s Land Gift Exchange

• Soccer Game

• What did the Commanders

think of this?


John Brown

John Brown went off to war to fight on a foreign shore.

His mama sure was proud of him!He stood straight and tall in his uniform and all.

His mama’s face broke out all in a grin.

“Oh son, you look so fine, I’m glad you’re a son of mine,You make me proud to know you hold a gun.

Do what the captain says, lots of medals you will get,And we’ll put them on the wall when you come home.”

As that old train pulled out, John’s ma began to shout,Tellin’ everyone in the neighbourhood:

“That’s my son that’s about to go, he’s a soldier now, you know.”

She made well sure her neighbours understood.

She got a letter once in a while and her face broke into a smile

As she showed them to the people from next door.And she bragged about her son with his uniform and

gun,And these things you called a good old-fashioned war.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TppYIQAn3Qc&feature=related


John Brown

Then the letters ceased to come, for a long time they did not come.

They ceased to come for about ten months or more.

Then a letter finally came saying, “Go down and meet the train.

Your son’s a-coming home from the war.”

She smiled and went right down, she looked everywhere around

But she could not see her soldier son in sight.

But as all the people passed, she saw her son at last,

When she did she could hardly believe her eyes.


John Brown

“Oh tell me, my darling son, pray tell me what they done.

How is it you come to be this way?”He tried his best to talk but his mouth could hardly

moveAnd the mother had to turn her face away.

“Don’t you remember, Ma, when I went off to warYou thought it was the best thing I could do?

I was on the battleground, you were home . . . acting proud.

You wasn’t there standing in my shoes.”

“Oh, and I thought when I was there, Lord, what am I doing here?

I’m a-tryin’ to kill somebody or die tryin’.But the thing that scared me most was when my enemy

came closeAnd I saw that his face looked just like mine.”

“And I couldn’t help but think, through the thunder rolling and stink,

That I was just a puppet in a play.


John Brown

As he turned away to go, his Ma was

still acting slow

At seein’ the metal brace that helped

him stand.

But as he turned to leave, he called

his mother close

And he dropped his medals down into

her hand.


Christmas in the Trenches

My name is Francis Tolliver, I come

from Liverpool.

Two years ago the war was waiting

for me after school.

To Belgium and to Flanders, to

Germany to here

I fought for King and country I love

dear.

'Twas Christmas in the trenches,

where the frost so bitter hung,

The frozen fields of France were

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPpV6JU2F_4&feature=related



I was lying with my messmate on the cold and rocky ground

When across the lines of battle came a most peculiar sound

Says I, ``Now listen up, me boys!'' each soldier strained to hear

As one young German voice sang out so clear.

``He's singing bloody well, you know!'' my partner says to me

Soon, one by one, each German voice joined in harmony

The cannons rested silent, the gas clouds rolled no more

As Christmas brought us respite from



The next they sang was ``Stille Nacht.'' ``Tis `Silent Night','' says I

And in two tongues one song filled up that sky

``There's someone coming toward us!'' the front line sentry cried

All sights were fixed on one long figure trudging from their side

His truce flag, like a Christmas star, shown on that plain so bright

As he, bravely, strode unarmed into the night

Soon one by one on either side walked into No Man's Land

With neither gun nor bayonet we met there hand to hand

We shared some secret brandy and we



Soon daylight stole upon us and France was France once more

With sad farewells we each prepared to settle back to war

But the question haunted every heart that lived that wonderous night

``Whose family have I fixed within my sights?''

'Twas Christmas in the trenches where the frost, so bitter hung

The frozen fields of France were warmed as songs of peace were sung

For the walls they'd kept between us to exact the work of war

Had been crumbled and were gone



My name is Francis Tolliver, in

Liverpool I dwell

Each Christmas come since World War

I, I've learned its lessons well

That the ones who call the shots

won't be among the dead and lame

And on each end of the rifle we're

the same


Gallipoli

• Backstory:

• Australian forces on Southern

front

• Diversion:

– To allow British naval forces to enter

the Black sea

• Australia’s Vimy Ridge

• Prize winning runners

The great war part two

Education

Transcript of The great war part two