The Great Depression

What caused the Great Depression? Protectionism - Series of tariffs passed by the U.S.

Congress between 1913 and 1930 to protect American business against European competition• Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930 led to 66% decline in

global trade between 1930 and 1934.• Overproduction of business and farm goods in

the United States• Uneven distribution of wealth in the United States• Lessened demand for consumer goods• Buying stock on margin• Putting up only a small faction of a stock’s price in cash

and borrowing the remainder from stock brokers• Prices high, speculators made money

What caused the Great Depression?• 1929 – Bubble burst

and stock market crashed• So many people borrowed

heavily that when prices stumbled, people panicked• Brokers called for loans to be

repaid• US banks collapsed

because they depended on their stock investments• Depositors lost money and

economic impact spread• Bank failures resulting from

farmers’ inability to pay back loans

Immediate Effects on the Great Depression• Stock Market Crash of 1929 - $30

billion loss in four days• Interrelation of loans and debts between US

and Europe made recession quickly spread• US started to call for European debts• Creditors went bankrupt trying to call back loans

• Lack of investments > Industrial products fall > layoff of workers > workers could not buy anything because unemployed

Immediate Effects of the Great Depression

• Many governments stopped spending, tightened credit, and cut off international trade• Made recession

worse• No safety net for

unemployment

Charts of Unemployment

Show them here

Crash Course – Great Depression http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G

CQfMWAikyU&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s

Assignment – Great Depression Graphic Organizer Use your Kindles and textbooks to help

research and create a table of the causes, effects, and predictions of the Great Depression.

For now, just fill in the causes.Causes Effects PredictionsStock Market crashHigh TariffsBank FailuresEtcEtcEtc

Warning: If your chart has Etc on it, I will take 20 points off automatically

The Great Depression

Show images of the Great Depression. They are depressing

Brother, Can You Spare Me a Dime? http://youtu.be/eih67rlGNhU

Quote from the Grapes of Wrath “The last clear definite function of man—muscles aching

to work, minds aching to create beyond the single need—this is man. To build a wall, to build a house, a dam, and in the wall and house and dam to put something of Manself, and to Manself take back something of the wall, the house the dam; to take hard muscles from the lifting, to take the clear lines and form from conceiving. For man, unlike any other thing organic or inorganic in the universe, grows beyond his work, walks up the stairs of his concepts, emerges ahead of his accomplishments.”

What is the underlying message of this quote? Write one sentence.

Assignment – Great Depression Graphic Organizer Use your Kindles and textbooks to help

research and create a table of the causes, effects, and predictions of the Great Depression.

Fill in the effects and predictions of how the government will try to fix these problems

Causes Effects PredictionsStock Market crashHigh TariffsBank FailuresETC

ETC

Warning: If your chart has Etc on it, I will take 20 points off automatically

Review Time!

What were the causes of the Great Depression?

What were some of the effects? (Immediate and long term)

Assignment – Photo Journal You will only have today to complete this. Period.

You are submitting a photo journal to the President to inform him how people in the US have been affected by the Great Depression.

Your journal needs a minimum of 5 pictures and a summary of each picture of the effects of the Great Depression on the American people.

You may either draw pictures of use some of the pictures I have pre-printed.

The Dust Bowl

Natural Disasters

What are some natural disasters you can think of in fairly recent years?

What effect did it have on the areas it hit?

What role did the government play in helping with those natural disasters?

Predictions: What would

this kind of environmental disaster cause to happen?

What happened to the people who lived there?

The Dust Bowl

http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/dustbowl/watch-videos/#2284398428

http://www.history.com/topics/dust-bowl/videos#black-blizzard

Dust Bowl - Research

Get in groups of 2-3

Each group will get 2-3 questions to research Use Kindles or

textbook You will present

and share your questions to the rest of the class

Assignment

Individually, create an acroustic poem of DUSTBOWL and illustrate

I will put an example on the board

Enrichment

On your Kindle, play the interactive Dust Bowl. What choices would you make?

http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/dustbowl/interactive/

Mexican Repatriation No quotas on

immigration from Mexico

Mexicans freely left and entered the US as long as passed a literacy test (in Spanish) and paid small tax

Trying to escape the Mexican Revolution Willing to do hard work

for low wages

Mexican Repatriation

Many settled in barrios in California, Texas, and Southwest In Texas, Mexican

Americans were barred from attending “white” public schools and faced other prejudice

Mexican Repatriation Americans in need of work that currently

done by Mexican-Americans Public hostility grew and became harder for

Mexican immigrants Only 33,000 given visas in the 1930s Hoover approved Mexican Repatriation Act

Send Mexicans back to Mexico More than half a million Americans forcibly sent

back Many were lawful citizens separated from

families

The New Deal

The Great Depression

You’re President of the United States and am now facing the worst economic collapse in the nation’s history…

What do you do?

Herbert Hoover’s Plan Rejected federal

government directly pay unemployed and needy

Voluntary private organizations should provide relief

Advised that if prices dropped low enough, people would buy again and economy pick up

Herbert Hoover’s Plan

Lack of aggregate (total) demand

Federal Reserve reduced money supply of country rather than increasing it

Herbert Hoover’s Plan Hoover-

Cut taxes Increased federal

spending on public projects

Directed federal agency to buy surplus crops

Established Reconstruction Finance Corporation ▪ Emergency loans to

banks and businesses

Herbert Hoover’s Plan Believed in “trickle

down” Too little too late

Americans frustrated with lack of leadership

Shanty towns of the homeless called Hoovervilles on the outskirts of cities

1932 (end of Hoover’s term) – unemployment at nearly 25%

President Roosevelt and the New Deal

Roosevelt was Governor of New York and offered a “New Deal” to put Americans back to work

Marked end of separate government and economy

Permanently increased the size and power of federal government

President Roosevelt and the New Deal Depression was

national emergency FDR assembled the

“Brain Trust” to serve under him Told them to be as

creative as possible Addressed the nation

with “fireside chats” to explain policies to American people

President Roosevelt and the New Deal

FDR had polio at 39 Very sympathetic to

suffering of others Eleanor Roosevelt

served as his eyes and ears throughout the country Political activist, spoke

for women’s rights, peace, and the poor

President Roosevelt and the New Deal Congress called in

special session Virtually all bills

FDR submitted in First Hundred Days were enacted by Congress

New Deal was the three R’s – Relief, Recovery, and Reform

President Roosevelt and the New Deal

Relief: Banking crisis, relief

to homeowners and farmers, relief for the unemployed

Recovery Stimulate demand

Reform Make sure another

Great Depression never happens

The New Deal – Alphabet Soup Get in groups of 2-3 (no more than 4) Each group will be given one of the

New Deal Programs You are to create a poster of your

New Deal Program You will be given research questions that

must be answered on your poster You will present your poster to the rest of

the class and teach them about your program

The New Deal Exit Ticket

3 New Deal Programs and one important fact from peer presentations

2 New Deal Programs still active today

1 prediction of an opposition to the New Deal

Yes, this is a grade

Reactions to the New Deal Overall, positive but

did face some criticism

Opponents offered different alternatives

Liberty League – Roosevelt is “Traitor to hiss class”; claimed Roosevelt was attempting to establish a popular dictatorship

Reactions to the New Deal Radical critics wanted

Roosevelt to go farther Dr. Francis Townsend –

pension of $200/month to citizens 65 and older

Huey Long (Governor of Louisiana) – each American family given $5,000/ yea paid by taxing the rich Was assassinated before

he could launch campaign against Roosevelt

Reactions to the New Deal

Father Coughlin – called for nationalization of banks and utilities Anti-Semitic Audience were

nativists and distrusted banks

Catholic Church finally ended his broadcasts

New Deal and Supreme Court Biggest threat to New

Deal was Supreme Court

1935 and 1936 – Court ruled NIRA and AAA were unconstitutional

Schechter Poultry v. US (1937) Even during national

crisis, Congress could not give president more power than in Constitution

NIRA gave president power to set codes for fair practices for businesses involved in intrastate (within a state) commerce.

Schechter Poultry Company convicted for failing to obey the act

New Deal and Supreme Court Roosevelt fearful of

other New Deal legislation being unconstitutional

Believed Justices were “out of touch” with the nation

1937 – proposed the president could add a new justice to the Supreme Court for each Justice over 70 ½ years old

New Deal and Supreme Court

Roosevelt could elect 6 new justices under plan

Seen as a court packing scheme and an attempt to take away separation of powers

Despite popularity, condemned by public and Congress

Justices generally stopped overruling New Deal legislation

Impact and Legacy of the New Deal Under New Deal, power

of federal govt increased dramatically Regulatory role it had

under Progressives Govt now responsible

for national economy Agencies and regulations

closely control citizen’s private actions

Taxes rose dramatically to fund programs

Impact and Legacy of the New Deal

Expanded govt’s role in social and economic life

Relationship between govt and individual citizen changed

Many states implemented own versions of New Deal

Final Thoughts

Some New Deal programs eliminated after the war, others remained

Established a legacy of govt agencies, regulations, and procedures still with us today