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The Great Border Mosquito Massacre (or Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever at the TX-MX Border) Mary...
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Transcript of The Great Border Mosquito Massacre (or Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever at the TX-MX Border) Mary...
![Page 1: The Great Border Mosquito Massacre (or Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever at the TX-MX Border) Mary Hayden Research Review October 4, 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551bfb1b5503469e4f8b491e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Great Border Mosquito Massacre (or Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic
Fever at the TX-MX Border)
Mary HaydenResearch Review
October 4, 2007
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Presentation Outline
• Recent History of Dengue in Mexico/South Texas
• 2005 Outbreak Investigation
• Methods
• Results
• Current Study
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Dengue Fever (DF) and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
• Flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes
• Disease characterized by sudden onset of headache
+ fever – myalgia – anorexia - arthralgia
• Endemic in tropics
• Increasing incidence worldwide
• Estimated 50-100 million dengue infections annually
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Aedes aegypti and Dengue Fever
• Aedes aegypti is the principal vector of yellow fever and the dengue viruses.
• Peri-domestic, day-biting mosquito which breeds in and around humans
• Prefers to breed in artificial containers such as vases, pet dishes, 55 gallon drums
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Study Region - Matamoros, MX and Brownsville, TX
Matamoros
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Dengue in South Texas
4 outbreaks with local transmission
Year # Cases Serotype
1980 27 1
1986 9 1
1995 7 2,4
1999 17 3
Hafkin B. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1982; 31(6), 1222-8
Gubler D. "Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever." Tropical Infectious Diseases. 2nd ed.
MMWR 1996;45(39);841-4 MMWR 2000; 50:57-9
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Year No. dengue cases
No. DHF cases Total no. of dengue cases
Percent DHF
2000 219 5 224 2.2
2001 47 0 47 0
2002 147 5 152 3.3
2003 9 1 10 10.0
2004 99 9 108 8.3
2005 5230 1832 7062 25.9
2006 151 46 197 23.4
Source: Boletín Epidemiolgía [Spanish]. México, D.F. Dirección General de Epidemiología, 2001 – 2007.
Available at http://www.dgepi.salud.gob/mx/boletin.
Cases of Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Reported in Tamaulipas, Mexico from 2000 to 2006
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050
100
150
Num
ber
of c
ases
8 Jan
15 22 29
5 Feb
12 19 265 M
ar
12 19 26
2 Apr
9 16 23 30
7 May
14 21 28
4 Jun11 18
25
2 Jul
9 16 23
30
6 Aug
13 20 27
3 Sep
10 17 24
1 Oct
8 15 22 29
5 Nov
12 19 263 D
ec
10 17 24 31
MatamorosCameron County
Cases of dengue by week of report, Matamoros (Mexico) and Cameron County, TX, 2005
Serosurveys,5-15 Dec
Autochthnous DHF,Cameron County
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Methods
• Two stage cluster sample design (WHO) - systematically selected census tracts after ordering by socioeconomic status (SES) and then randomly selected households from within the sampled census tract
• Household-level– Questionnaire with travel history– Blood samples– Entomological survey
• Serology testing
• Results were weighted to reflect each individual’s chance of selection in the sample.
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Seroprevalence of anti-dengue IgM and IgG Antibodies* by City
Matamoros Brownsville
Households participating
111 (78% of total visited)
118 (73% of total visited)
Serum Samples n = 132 n = 141
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) positive
22.8%
(13.3 to 32.3)*
n = 30
2.5%
(0 to 5.4)*
n = 4
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) positive
76.6%
(64.7—88.5)*
n = 101
38.2%
(26.7—49.8)*
n = 47
* Weighted point estimate and (95% confidence interval).
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Spatial Distribution of IgM Positive Participants
Brownsville
Matamoros
IgM Positive
IgM Negative
Source: Rafael Moreno, U. Colorado
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Select Housing Characteristics* of Participants by City
Characteristic Matamoros BrownsvilleCentral A/C 4% 46%
Room A/C 27% 40%
Intact screens 65% 61%
Mean no. occupants/home 5.4 5.0
Mean distance to neighbors (m) 3.8 10.8
Mean lot size (m2) 307 1070
* Weighted point estimates
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Matamoros Brownsville
Ae. aegypti
Ae. aegypti or
Ae. albopictusAe.
aegypti
Ae. aegypti or
Ae. albopictus
Breteau index
(containers/100 houses)
27.6 - 10.8 15.8
House index
%houses infested
17.4 - 8.6 14.4
Container index
%with water infested
4.7 - 2.4 3.5
Mosquito Larval Indices* by City
* Weighted data
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Tires 31.9%Tires 25.8%
Buckets 23.3%Buckets 23.6%
Other 19.1%Other 18.4%
Drums 16.7%
Drums 2.5%
Flower pots 16.3%
Plastic lids 13.3% Plastic lids 6.0%
Cisterns 3.0%
Containers infested with Aedes species mosquito immatures, by weighted proportion of container type, Brownsville and Matamoros—December, 2005
Brownsville Matamoros
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Human-Environmental Interaction and the Effect of Waste Tire Removal on Risk for Dengue
Fever Infection in Brownsville, TX and Matamoros, MX.
Funded by:Pan American Health OrganizationEPA
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Brownsville, TX and Matamoros, MX
• Assess human health-environmental factors, specifically the effect of waste tire proximity on human-vector contact through measurement of mosquito indices
• Evaluate Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus resistance to a widely utilized organophosphate – temephos
• Qualitatively evaluate household level perception of risk of dengue transmission from waste tires and options for control
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Rio Bravo
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Toxorhynchites
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Monthly Precipitation for Brownsville, TX for 2005 and 2007
01
23
45
6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Monthly Precipitation
Pre
cipi
tatio
n in
ches
2005
2007
Normal
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Tire Interventions
Piles A+B Piles C+D Piles E+F
Brownsville Toxorhynchites Toxorhynchites + Mesocyclops
longesitus
No treatment
Matamoros Altosid (chemical intervention)
Mesocyclops longesitus
No treatment
Evaluation of intervention will take place the end of October