The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of...
Transcript of The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of...
![Page 1: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Grand Canal of China——A splendid Heritage
Architecture School, Southeast University, Nanjing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Urban and Architectural Heritage Conservation
(Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China
Speaker: Xingming Zhong
WCC Rochester, NY, Sep 23, 2010
![Page 2: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Contents The History of the Grand Canal of China
The characteristics of the Grand Canal
The analysis on values of the Grand Canal
The suggestions on the Conservation of the Grand Canal
![Page 3: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1.The History of the GrandCanal of China
![Page 4: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1.1 The Spring and Autumn Period
The Grand Canal was first built in 486 B.C. in Spring and Autumn Period for the military utilization, which was called “Hangou” in Yangzhou connecting the Yangtze River and Huai River. And it is the oldest section of the later Grand Canal. In this phase, the Canal mostly used the natural lakes, including Wuguang Lake, Luyang Lake, Fanliang Lake, Bozhi Lake and Sheyang Lake.
Yangtze River
![Page 5: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1.2 The Sui and Tang Dynasties
The canal comprised four sections:Yongji canal, Hangou canal, Tongji canal and Jiangnan canal. They were dug in Sui Dynasty and perfected, dredged up in Tang Dynasty.
![Page 6: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1.3Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties
A summit section was dug across the foothills of the Shandong massif during the 1280s, shortening the overall length by as much as 700 km
In Ming Dynasty, The Grand Canal was repaired on the basis of the Canal in Yuan Dynasty. The Grand Canal was separated from the lakes by building levees. And the management system of the Grand Canal was perfect and effective
In Qing Dynasty(1636~1911) , the Grand Canal continued to function. But after 1826, the Yellow River’s sand gradually silted the canal. In 1855, the Yellow River flooded in Tongwaxiang, Henan Province and the Grand Canal between Anshan and Linqing was broken. In 1905, the transportation stopped.
![Page 7: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1.4 After 1958
During 1950s-1970s, the government employed labors to dredge the old canals and dig new canals and also build some large locks. Therefore
the Grand Canal from Hangzhou to Jining began to shipping again
![Page 9: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
2. The characteristics of the Grand Canal
![Page 10: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2.1 The span of time and space is large
The Grand Canal has a history of near 2500 years, which was first dug in 489 B.C. in Spring and Autumn Period.
The Grand Canal is 1794km, across 33 cities from Hangzhou to Beijing. It connects five rivers: Qiantang River, Yangtze River, Huai River, Yellow River and Haihe River. It’s the longest canal in the world, which is 11 times as long as Suez Canal, and 22 times as long as Panama Canal.
1794
16382
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Grand Canal
Suez Canal
Panama Canal
![Page 11: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2.2 It is dynamic the Grand Canal is still used for transportation now which
is the basic and original function the Grand Canal has been changing. “The canal is more than a long corridor of great cultural
heritage. It has been a golden waterway for dynamic cultural and social progress for neighboring regions over centuries.”
![Page 12: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2.3 It is comprehensive
The Grand Canal is a heritage blended by cultural and natural factors;
It is an dynamic cultural heritage combined by static and dynamic factors;
It is a cultural heritage corridor consisting of points, lines and surfaces;
It is a cultural heritage combined by ancient sites, modern historical sites and contemporary legacies;
It displays the industrial heritage and folk buildings reflecting the production and life of common people;
It includes the cultural space composing of tangible and intangible things
![Page 13: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
3. The analysis on valuesof the Grand Canal
![Page 14: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
3.1 The technological values
The Grand Canal is “a great civil engineering represents the Chinese civilization and technology” ——Joseph Needham
the Grand Canal and Canal du Midi of France were listed as the “Technologically significant canals” both with 11 scores which is the highest and the next is Rideau Canal of Canada.(TICCIH, 1995)
![Page 15: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
(1)The first recorded double –gate or pound lock in the world was built at the northern end of the Shan-yang Yun-tao section between the Yangtze and Huai-yin in AD 984 by Chhiao Wei-Yo.
(2)In Ming Dynasty, the Grand Canal between Yangzhou and Huaian was separated from the lakes by building stone levees. So the boat can travel in the canal safely without the risk of the storms of the lakes.
The relics of the Grand Canal in Ming Dynasty
Gaoyou Lake
![Page 16: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
(3)There were many different kind of water conservancy and civil engineering to keep the water level and overcome the 50 meter elevation.
Nanwang, the highest point of the Grand Canal
The section of the Grand Canal
![Page 17: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Nanwang water conservancy to allot the water, 30% flow to the south and 70% to the north
Echeng lock
Yangjiawu entrance
Daijiawan lock
Ziying lock
Daicun Dam
![Page 18: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
3.2 The economic values(1) Water transport
Every year, thousands of kinds of different goods were transported to the north through the Grand Canal. It mainly transported rice. The rice was stored in warehouses in Beijing and Tongzhou to supply the captical.
Boat tracker
Stones for fastening cordelle
![Page 19: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The boat was crossing the dam
![Page 20: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Nanxin Warehouse is located in Beijing, which were built in Ming Dynasty and used through Qing Dynasty.
![Page 21: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
(2)Facilitating the development of the cities along the Grand Canal
Suzhou City in Qing Dynasty
![Page 22: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
3.3 The cultural values(1) Enhancing the mutual communication between different cultures(2) As the main route of the emperors traveling to the South in Qing
Dynasty
The mosque in JiningThe opera
![Page 23: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
3.4 The ecological and landscape valuesGaoyou Lake The Canal in HebeiGaomin Temple
![Page 24: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
4. The suggestionson the Conservation of the Grand
Canal
![Page 25: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
4.1 Investigating the heritage of the Grand Canal
![Page 26: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
4.2 Establishing management agency for coordinating
![Page 27: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
4.3Planning a good interpretation system
![Page 28: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
4.4 Increasing Public Participation
![Page 29: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
5. Conclusions
![Page 30: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• The Grand Canal has a long history and spans a wide space. It is a dynamic and comprehensive heritage with different types of heritage including natural and cultural, tangible and intangible, ancient and modern.
• The Grand Canal is a outstanding heritage which has a technological significance in the history of the world canal, important economic values and brilliant cultural values.
![Page 31: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Thank you for your attention!
![Page 32: The Grand Canal of China · The Grand Canal of China ... (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China. Speaker: Xingming Zhong. WCC Rochester, ... in Yuan Dynasty.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013006/5b82e4bd7f8b9a940b8be1dd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The Grand Canal of China - a splendid heritage Xingming Zhong, Doctoral Candidate, Southeast University Nanjing, CHINA [email protected] I generally introduce the Grand Canal of China in order to present you a brief impression. The Grand Canal is not only an outstanding water conservancy project in the Chinese history but also one of the most splendid water conservancies in the world that has extraordinary general vale. It is called an ancient project as great as the Great Wall. The Canal is about 1794 km from Hangzhou to Beijing. Although the Grand Canal has different characteristics in different sections and cities. Generally speaking , however , the nature and characteristics of the Grand Canal are mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) The time and space span is long. (2) The relevant heritage types are rich. (3) It is a dynamic heritage which has been using from the past to the present. (4) It is a cultural heritage corridors consisting of points, lines and surfaces combined by ancient sites, modern historical sites and contemporary legacies.