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THE GOVERNOR’S CONFERENCE ON ENERGY

ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES

Linda Bluestein

National Clean Cities Co-Director

October 13, 2010

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Petroleum is Largest Component of World Primary Energy Use (2007)

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Global Vehicle Use has Increased by 50% in the Past 15 Years; ~1 Billion Vehicles

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U.S. Gasoline Prices are Relatively Cheap when Compared to Most Countries

Recent Gasoline Prices (USD per gallon)

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More than 50 Million AFVs and Hybrids Vehicles Ply the Road Globally; ~5% of Fleet

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Hybrids accounted for ~3% of 2009 U.S. New Car Sales; ~10% in Japan

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Auto Companies Project Significant Electric-Drive Sales in the Coming Decade

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PNNL study indicated that current grid can handle 83% of today’s vehicles as plug-in hybrids, reducing oil imports by 50%

U.S. Energy Supply Sources and Demand Sectors

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Concerns that Natural Gas Would Just Be Another Imported Fuel are Gone due to Shale Gas Plays

Estimated U.S. Oil and Gas Reserves

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2007 EISA Established Aggressive BiofuelProduction Targets (36 Billion Gallons by 2022)

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Alternative Fuel Use (Excluding Ethanol in Gasoline), GGE

U.S. Alternative Fuel Use in Transportation, 2008

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Alternative Fuels as % of Total U.S. Transportation Fuels

U.S. Alternative Fuel Use in Transportation, 2008

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Growth in the Use of AFVs in the U.S.

Doesn’t include hybrids or FFVs using primarily gasoline

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In the Near- and Long-Term Transportation will be Key To Green Jobs

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The Global Insight Mayor’s Study Examines Direct and Indirect Green Jobs

The DC Area is a leader in Green Jobs ― presumably indirect jobs Indirect jobs require talents

found in urban areas, can serve the U.S. generally

INDIRECT JOBS

• Engineering, legal, research, and consulting positions account for 56% of current Green Jobs

• They have grown faster than direct Green Jobs since 1990, expanding 52% vs. 38%

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VA Metro Areas had ~32,000 Green Jobs in 2006; Future Growth is Projected to be Significant

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About Clean Cities

Clean Cities Mission

To advance the energy, economic, and environmental security of the United States by supporting local decisions to adopt practices that reduce the use of petroleum in the transportation sector.

• Provide a framework for businesses and governments to work together as a coalition to enhance markets.

• Coordinate activities, identify mutual interests, develop regional economic opportunities, and improve air quality.

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Clean Cities Today

• 87 active coalitions in 45 states

• 708,500 vehicles using alternative fuels (AFVs)

• 6,600 alternative fuel refueling stations

• 8,485 stakeholders

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Petroleum Displacement Methods

• Reduce petroleum use• Advanced technologies• More fuel-efficient vehicles

• Replace petroleum use• Alternative fuels• Low-level blends of non-petroleum

replacement fuels

• Eliminate petroleum use• Idle reduction programs• Greater use of mass transit• Other congestion-mitigation

approaches

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Clean Cities Portfolio of Technologies

Alternative Fuels and Vehicles• Biodiesel (B100)• Electricity• Ethanol (E85)• Hydrogen• Natural gas• Propane

Fuel Blends• Biodiesel/diesel blends (B2, B5, B20)• Ethanol/gasoline blends (E10)• Hydrogen/natural gas blends (HCNG)

Fuel Economy• Fuel efficiency• Behavioral changes• Vehicle maintenance initiatives• Vehicle miles traveled (VMT)

Hybrids• Light- and heavy-duty HEVs• PHEVs

Idle Reduction• Heavy-duty trucks• School buses• Truck stop electrification

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2009 Petroleum Displacement of Each Portfolio Element

Clean Cities Portfolio of Technologies

TechnologyMillion GGEs

Percent of Coalitions’

TotalChange from

Last YearAFV 220.1 69.8% +11%Biodiesel Blends 53.5 17.0% -16%HEVs 18.1 5.7% +46%Idle Reduction 14.7 4.7% +91%VMT Reduction 5.7 1.8% +63%Fuel Economy 2.6 0.8% +581%Off-Road 0.6 0.2% -58%Coalitions’ Total* 315.2 100% +6.8%ORNL Fuel Economy 131.0 − +4.8%Grand Total 446.2 − +6.2%

* Totals do not fully add up due to rounding.

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Clean Cities Coalitions: Alternative Fuel and Hybrid Electric Vehicles

% of Total AFVs and HEVs by Niche Market

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Clean Cities Accomplishments

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Clean Cities Petroleum Displacement:Future Goals

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Virginia Clean Cities Program

StrategyPetroleum 

DisplacementAFVs 3,213,509Fuel Blends 2,720,644Fuel Economy Improvements 177,809Idle Reduction 17,686

TOTAL 6,129,648

In 2009, Virginia Clean Cities program stakeholders displaced over 6.1 million GGEs of petroleum.

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Clean Cities Web Resources

Clean Cities

AFDC

FuelEconomy.gov

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Clean Cities Contact Information

Clean Cities Web Sitewww.eere.energy.gov/cleancities

Alternative Fuels & Advanced Vehicles Data Center (AFDC) Web Sitewww.afdc.energy.gov

Clean Cities Coordinator Contact Information and Coalition Web Siteswww.afdc.energy.gov/cleancities/progs/coordinators.php