The Indian Institute of Planning and Management

Campus: Gurgaon

Sec-32 Plot no.79

Haryana The GOTA Report on the Port Of Antwerp

BY:Name: NITIN AGGARWALBatch: Fw 08/10 f-1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1

1. Abstract 2. Acknowledgment 3. Introduction to the Port of Antwerp 4. Report of data collection and analysis 5. Key findings, learnings & recommendations6. Conclusion7. Bibliography

ABSTRACT

Belgium is a country of approximately 10 million people, 11,800 square miles (about the size of Maryland), situated between the Netherlands to the north, Germany and Luxembourg to the east, France to the south, and the North Sea to

2

the west. The capital city of Belgium is Brussels, which is also the headquarters of the European Union and NATO.

Belgium has three official languages: Dutch, spoken by about 60% of the population (those in Flanders and Brussels); French, spoken by about 39% of the population (those in Wallonia and Brussels); and German, spoken by about 1% of the population in the eastern part of the country.

Although Belgium has a very long and rich history, it is a relatively new country. Belgium received its independence in 1830 from the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy. The current King is Albert II, the sixth in the Belgian dynasty. He is married to Princess Paola Ruffo di Calabria; they have three children: Prince Philippe, who married Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz; Princess Astrid, married to Archduke Lorenz of Austria; and Prince Laurent who married Claire Coombs.

Belgian government is divided into five levels of authority: the Federal government; the Communities (French-speaking, Dutch-speaking, German-speaking); three Regions (Flemish, Walloon, and Brussels-Capital); the Provinces, of which there are 10; and the lowest level, the municipalities, of which there are 589.

The Federal Government is responsible for defence, law and order, social security,

agriculture, justice, general foreign affairs and monetary and fiscal policy. The

three Communities are responsible for culture, language, education, welfare and

health care within each Community. The Regions are responsible for all matters

fully or party related to specific areas, such as economic policy, energy policy,

scientific policy, public works, public transport, and town and country planning.

Belgium is one of the twenty seven members of the European Union, as well as a member of NATO. The NATO headquarters are located in Brussels and SHAPE (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe) is located in Mons in the southern part of Belgium.

3

Antwerp is located in Belgium, a small country in Western Europe, of which

Brussels is the capital. Neighboring countries are The Netherlands, France and

Germany, while Great Britain is right across the Channel. The climate in Antwerp

is very moderate so the port is never out of operation because of bad weather

conditions. Antwerp’s central location between the Americas, Asia and Africa

assures short transit times to most destinations across the globe.

Antwerp is located in Northwest Europe. It is the second largest city in Belgium, a

small country surrounded by The Netherlands, Germany and France. Antwerp lies

about 343 km (213 miles) north of Paris, 208 km (129 miles) west of Cologne and

only 45 km (28 miles) from Brussels, the capital of Belgium and of the European

Union.

The industrial regions of Belgium and Northern France, Alsace, Lorraine, the

Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main areas, the Saar,

Basle, Dutch Limburg and Northern Brabant, are the main centres of the port's

continental hinterland. More distant areas such as Northern Italy, Austria and the

French Rhône-Alpes region become increasingly important with every passing

year.

Antwerp is located in Flanders, the northern part of Belgium, close to the border

with The Netherlands. Antwerp is Belgium's second largest city (after Brussels, the

capital) and one of the strongest economic regions in the country. Belgium is a

regionalized country. Antwerp is located in the Flemish region. The official

language is Dutch, but most people fluently speak 3 or 4 languages.

The best thing about the port of Antwerp is that it is centrally located among the

globe, whether it is Asia, Africa, Europe and America. Port of Antwerp is also

4

useful as it excellent hinterland connections, worldwide sailing possibilities, high

productivity and quality and efficient logistic services and central geographical

location.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We wish to express our appreciation to all of those with whom we interacted during our project.

We are very thankful to our respected sir`s, Mr. Sanket our GOTA trip guide, our faculty member Mr. Varun and the members of Port of Antwerp who guided us and gave us the major and meaningful information about the Port of Antwerp and its functioning.

Last but the most influential, we would like to thank our institute IIPM for

providing us with this opportunity to do this project and also gave us this global

opportunity to go and explore this Port of Antwerp.

Introduction to the Port of Antwerp

5

Port of Antwerp is located in Belgium in a small country named Antwerp which is

in Western Europe, of which Brussels is the capital. The climate in Antwerp is

very moderate so the port of Antwerp is never out of operation because of bad

weather conditions. Antwerp’s central location between the Americas, Asia and

Africa assures short transit times to most destinations across the globe. Antwerp is

Belgium's second largest city (after Brussels, the capital) and one of the strongest

economic regions in the country. Port of Antwerp is the 2nd largest port in Europe

and 5th largest in the world.

Basically the nature of the business of the Port of Antwerp is collecting the cargo

or we can say the raw material from different countries and sending again to the

different destinations. It may be as raw material or can also in the form of finished

goods.

Port lay-out

6

This aerial photograph strikingly illustrates the extent of Antwerp's infrastructure before works started on the Deurganck Dock. The Scheldt runs from South to North between the geometrical outlines of the docks on the Left and Right Banks. Other details include the Brussels Ship Canal at bottom centre, the Albert Canal (the thin line running South East from the docks), the Rhine-Scheldt Junction Canal (top centre) and the Ghent-Terneuzen Canal at top left.

The Right Bank

With the opening of the Berendrecht Lock (1989), a crowning achievement in developing the right bank dock complex was obtained. With a length of 500 m between the lock gates and a width of 68 m, the Berendrecht lock is the largest lock in the world. This lock has a depth of 13.50 m, which makes the sill depth at mean high water equal to 17.75 m. Apart from the Lock, still further development of the right bank has been undertaken on the banks of the Scheldt outside the dock complex. Two large container terminals have been opened here. In 1990, the Europe terminal was operative, while secondly, the North Sea terminal became operative in 1997. The older areas of the port, such as the Bonaparte dock, are being modernised as needs dictate to make them suitable for modern cargo handling operations. Among this modernisation, an upgrade of the Amerika dock, the Albert dock and the third harbour dock are being done to make them accessible to Panamax ships, which have a draught of 42 feet (13 m). Other modernisation projects being undertaken is the Delwaide dock, which will soon be able to serve the latest generation of container vessels. The Southern part of the Delwaide dock, the MSC Home Terminal is a partnership between PSA Hesse-Noord Natie and Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC). Due to a total quay length of more than 2 km, several ships can be handled at the same time. The MSC Home Terminal has an annual capacity of more than 3.6 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU).

The Left Bank

The first plans for the development of the Waaslandhaven on Antwerp’s left bank were prepared in the boom years of the nineteen-sixties. At that time, it was hoped that agreement could be reached with the Dutch on the construction of the Baalhoek Canal, which would have run from Kallo in Belgium through the Drowned Land of Saefthinge (on Dutch territory) into the Western Scheldt. This grand concept had the advantage that it would cut off the difficult bend known as the Bocht van Bath and facilitate access to deep draught ships.

7

Work started on the Kallo Lock in 1979, and by the end of the eighties the basic outlines of the Waaslandhaven were by and large complete. The main constituents are the Waasland Canal, the Verrebroek Dock, and the Vrasene Dock. The abandonment of the Baalhoek Canal project meant that an additional dock, known as the Doel Dock, would never be fitted out for shipping.

The development of the sites in the new docklands got off to a slow start, but took off in the nineties. Nowadays, the trades handled in the Vrasene Dock include forest products, fruit juice, cars, plastic granulates, scrap and bulk gas. The equipping of the Verrebroek Dock started in 1996 and saw the arrival of its first seagoing ship in 2000. When finalised, this dock will offer a total of 5 km of berths with a draught of 14.5 m.

\

Report of Data Collection and Analysis

PEST analysis(political, economical, social and technology):

1. Political analysis:-

8

The European Commission judges that each existing and potential service supplier should have free entrance to the market.

In all cases a minimum of 2 market players is required.

Additionally maximum terms for licenses and concessions are stipulated, taking into consideration the size of the planned investments.

In the original proposal the maximum term was set for a period of 25 years.

The draft is also radically amended by the European Parliament and led to the approval.

2. Economical analysis:-

The Port of Antwerp handles more than 167 million tonnes of cargo per year (55% incoming and 45% outgoing traffic).

This volume makes Antwerp the second largest port in Europe and the fifth largest in the world Container volume reaches almost 8.2 million TEU.

In 2007 the port of Antwerp handled 182,896,788 tonnes of freight.

This represents growth of 9.3% compared with the 167 million tonnes in 2006.

9

The main engine of growth is general cargo, with a sharp rise in container volume.

The volumes of ro/ro and conventional break-bulk too show good growth figures for 2007.

3. Social analysis:-

Of all North Sea ports, Antwerp is the most centrally positioned with regard

to the largest European production and consumption centres.

More than 300 regular liner services offer 14,000 sailings every year to over

800 overseas destinations. Antwerp's maritime foreland comprises some 200

countries.

First in order of importance comes the United States of America, the world’s

largest importer and exporter.

Other countries at the top of the list include the United Kingdom, Canada,

Brazil, Norway, and Finland.

Every year roughly 32 different countries route more than 1 million tonnes

of goods via Antwerp. They have socially good relations in term of trade and

all with all countries.

4. Technology analysis:-

10

Increase has added fresh impetus to the already optimistic mood at the quays

and there are already plans for a new technology.

As container traffic continues to grow, terminal operators face the challenge

of maximizing efficiencies and increasing gate volume without raising

operating costs.

Is gate automation the answer to increase productivity and what are the most

important requirements to achieve these objectives?

The use and technology of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) has evolved.

In search of more efficient, economical and environmentally friendly AGVs.

Simulation models have shown that the best possible productivity and thus

cost-efficiency while protecting jobs of the workforce can be achieved with

a combination of straddle carrier and Automatic Stacking Crane (ASC)

operations. New developments in hybrid drive technology increase

productivity in RTG operations and contribute to the port environment.

SWOT analysis of port of Antwerp:

11

SWOT Analysis

Strength: The main strength of the harbor is the coordination between the different companies, different authorities and the Flemish government. All of them organize together to work for the upliftment of the whole country.

Weakness: The weakness although we was not able to recognize any but we think that maintaining the huge number of ships through locks was hectic as it takes two hours to enter a lock for a ship. Thus this consume a lot of time

Opportunities: There are various opportunities for the port to extend the business. There is still a lot of space empty to set up more terminals and industries. The port is also developing a new harbor for the shipment of ships. The old docks were 9 meter docks but now by removing the slog they are not increasing to 13 meters. They are also now going to hire female workers. The overall port has currently 200 employees and their number can be used in future.

Threat: Threat can always be there from terrorists. There can be smuggling of drugs and other kind of that items that are not allowed by the government. Therefore the port has established X-Ray system and radioactive system to detect the materials inside the containers. The X-Ray can be used to detect the size and weight of material and radioactive rays can be used to detect the drugs and other chemicals that can be used as a bomb. Therefore a lot of security is required.Also the port always has threat from the sea. The sea can anytime show its anger and destroy the port, harbor and docks. Therefore this threat will always be there, and the threat is having more prominence due to global warming issue prevailing on the earth.

12

Business model of the company:

a. Infrastructure:

1. Flanders offers businesses highly developed infrastructure in all of its aspects - from excellent accessibility by sea and air to extensive connectivity by rail, road and inland waterway, from one of the world's most productive and multilingual workforces to comparatively low-cost real estate.

2. In transport, Flanders is home to the Port of Antwerp, the second largest port in the Hamburg-Le Havre range and Europe's leading chemical cluster. There are three other ports including Ghent, Ostend and Zeebrugge. All connect with Europe's extensive inland waterway network and one of the world's highest density rail networks.

3. Brussels International Airport is ranked Europe's fifth for freight operations, while Ostend airport on the coast provides facilities for outsized and special cargoes. Ports and airports are all close to the region's freeway system, which links directly with those of France, Germany, the Netherlands and, across the Channel, the UK.

 Educated, productive and multilingual

The workforce in Flanders is among the world's most highly educated and productive as well as having a high level of language skills.

Educated: Flemish students benefit from a lower pupil to teacher ratio than most other countries and some 38% of people aged 25 to 34 have continued their education at a university or other higher education establishment. Fifteen-year-olds in Flanders are the world's best in mathematics according to the OECD's PISA survey, fifth at sciences and also score highly in problem-solving.

13

A Quality Education System

The education system in Flanders has an excellent reputation, with per capita spending among the top 5 in Europe and considerably above the European Union average. The school leaving age is 18, and 31% of people aged 25 to 34 have continued their education at a university or other higher education establishment. (Eurostat, 2006) In addition, Belgian students benefit from a lower pupil to teacher ratio than most other countries.

Mathematics and sciences

Fifteen-year-olds in Flanders are the world's best in mathematics according to the OECD's PISA survey of learning across 57 countries. The study, published in December 2007, showed that Flemish 15-year-olds achieved an overall average score of 543 in the mathematics survey, which placed them in the top group.In sciences, the Flemish were ranked eigth with an average score of 529, with Finland as the only European country beating them.

Meeting needs of the economy

A survey published in the Global Competitiveness Yearbook 2007-2008 also showed that on the whole Belgians believe their education system meets the needs of a competitive economy.

5. Partner network:- Antwerp's share in the collective total for the ports of the Le Havre-

Hamburg range is roughly 12% of incoming and 23% of outgoing cargo.

If general cargo alone is considered we see that Antwerp has a good 22% of the total trade, namely 21% on the incoming and 23 % on the outgoing side.

As for containerized general cargo Antwerp has consolidated its share at 20 % of the range traffic.

Specialized studies have moreover shown that when the thirteen largest trades of the range are examined, Antwerp is among the top three European ports for twelve of these trades.

14

In other words Antwerp is clearly a main port, and an essential element of the European Union's import and export trade. Antwerp's place in the Le Havre-Hamburg range: see the Statistics section.

6. Value configuration:-

The resulting centrality index for the ports of the Le Havre-

Hamburg range is:

PortCentrality index(Antwerp = 100)

Antwerp 100.0

Ghent 102.0

Rotterdam 105.0

Zeebrugge 105.1

Amsterdam 106.9

Dunkirk 108.5

Bremen 109.5

Hamburg 113.9

15

Le Havre 117.1

Container traffic in 2008 (in tonnes)Unloaded Loaded TotalFull containersEurope 8.450.722 14.942.506 23.393.228Near East 11.105.978 12.006.521 23.112.499Middle & Far East

6.280.325 9.669.416 15.949.741

North & Central America

10.677.611 8.021.089 18.698.700

South America

3.365.103 3.832.851 7.197.954

Africa 3.525.089 5.299.583 8.824.672Others 90.336 924.506 1.014.842Total full 43.495.164 54.696.472 98.191.636Empty containersEurope 692.395 208.591 900.986Near East 385.767 50.431 436.198Middle & Far East

122.159 440.549 562.708

North & Central America

264.980 101.235 366.215

South America

107.352 161.724 269.076

Africa 425.809 35.151 460.960Others 3.257 170.988 174.245Total empty 2.001.719 1.168.669 3.170.388Total Europe 9.143.117 15.151.097 24.294.214Near East 11.491.745 12.056.952 23.548.697

16

Middle & Far East

6.402.484 10.109.965 16.512.449

North & Central America

10.942.591 8.122.324 19.064.915

South America

3.472.455 3.994.575 7.467.030

Africa 3.950.898 5.334.734 9.285.632Others 93.593 1.095.494 1.189.087Total full + empty

45.496.883 55.865.141 101.362.024

b. Offerings:

1. Value proposition:-

The 16,000 ships that call in Antwerp every year sail under the flags of close to 100 different countries.

The liner business offers 300 regular services to 800 overseas destinations. Every year Antwerp offers roughly 14,000 sailings.

Every two months there is at least one sailing to 600 ports scattered throughout the world. Weekly sailings are on offer to no fewer than 325 ports, while there are daily sailings to 50 different ports.

Every year foreign ports receive 75,000 calls from ships that sailed from Antwerp. One of the main reasons why so many shipping lines opt for Antwerp is the large volume of general cargo on offer in the port, thus ensuring a profitable return voyage.

Shippers of break-bulk and project cargoes value the numerous possibilities for conventional cargo.

Whereas in most European port cargoes for certain destination must be containerized, Antwerp will accept virtually all conventional cargoes, regardless of where they are bound to.

17

2. Distribution channel:-

Modal split of total hinterland traffic (maritime traffic + traffic with the port industry)

Inland navigation Railways

Motorways

Pipelines

Air transport

18

Knowledge-Based Economy

With a successful history of discovery research and innovation across a range of disciplines and a variety of sectors, Flanders offers businesses a knowledge-based economy with a highly educated and innovative population. Some 26% have had higher education.

Government and industry are placing increasing emphasis on research and development in areas that are traditional in nature (such as logistics), discovery-based (such as the life sciences) or futuristic (such as nanotechnology).

Spending on R&D in Belgium as a whole is growing as a percentage of GDP, reaching 2.33% last year. In Flanders, business accounts for 73% of that spend.

In specific areas such as the ICT cluster close to Leuven University, R&D spending is among the highest in Europe at $7011 per employee. The life sciences are also strongly represented in R&D spending, notably through Janssen Pharmaceutica, but also through other pharmaceutical, medical device and medical imaging companies along with more than 40 biotech firms. Some 16% of patents held in Flanders are in the life sciences.

Other major sectors such as the automotive industry also have strong research bases in the region, much of it in-house but with the universities and specialist research institutes all playing a role that is often linked closely with companies. Research cooperation between universities and companies in Belgium is relatively high at 4.5 on a scale of one to seven (Global Competitiveness Report, 2005).

Leuven and Ghent universities are ranked in the 10 best research centers in the world (The Scientist, 2003) while the independent research center IMEC, also at Leuven, is a world leader in nanotechnology and microelectronics.

To encourage innovation and research and development, Flanders offers companies a variety of incentives that include as tax breaks for R&D personnel and funding for specific projects proposed by businesses

19

Financial performance of the company(profits and growth rate):

In 2006 the volume of containerized goods came to 80.8 million tones, or 7 million TEU. Over the last 10 years container tonnage has risen by 51.4 million tones or 174.3%.

At present 78.1% of all general cargo is containerized.

In 2006 the nine principal ports of the Le Havre-Hamburg range jointly handled 34.3 million TEU, or a total tonnage of 353 million tones.

In terms of tonnage as well as of TEU Antwerp is the third largest container port in the range, after Rotterdam and Hamburg, and has a market share of 20.5%.

Container trade by geographical region in 2006Total: 80.8 million tones

EuropeNear EastMid and Far EastNorth and Central AmericaSouth AmericaAfricaOther regions

21.9%20.6%18.2%22.3%6.6%9.1%1.3%

o We have audited the annual accounts of Antwerp Port Authority for the financial year ended on 31 December 2006, drawn up on the basis of Belgian GAAP(generally accepted accounting practices), with the balance sheet showing a total of 1,087,060 (000) euros and the income statement showing a profit for the financial year of 85,158 (000) euros.

o Drawing up the annual accounts falls under the responsibility of the board of directors. This responsibility includes among other things: designing, implementing and maintaining the system of internal controls for drawing up

20

and faithfully presenting the financial statements so that these do not contain any anomalies of material importance as a result of fraud or error; choosing and applying the accounting principles; and making the accounting estimates which can be considered reasonable under the circumstances.

o It is our responsibility to express an opinion on these financial statements, on the basis of the checks carried out by us. Our audit of the annual accounts was carried out in accordance with the legal requirements and auditing standards applicable within Belgium, as published by the “Institute der Bedrijfsrevisoren.”

o These auditing standards demand that our audit should be organized and carried out so as to give a reasonable degree of certainty that the annual accounts do not contain any anomalies of material importance. In accordance with these auditing standards, we carried out checks to obtain verification of the amounts and comments in the financial statements. The choice of these checks depends on our judgment, which in turn is based on an assessment of the risk of the financial statements containing anomalies of material importance as a result or fraud or error.

o In making this risk assessment we take into account the company’s existing internal controls for drawing up and faithfully presenting the financial statements, so as to determine the most appropriate checks, but not to form an opinion of the effectiveness of the company’s internal controls.

o We also formed an opinion of the appropriateness of the accounting principles, the reasonableness of the accounting estimates made by the company, and the presentation of the financial statements as a whole.

o Finally, we obtained the necessary explanations and information from the board of directors and the company managers, for us to carry out our checks. We believe that the checking information obtained by us provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements closed on 31 December 2006 give an accurate picture of the assets, the financial position and the results of the company, in accordance with generally accepted accounting standards within Belgium.

21

Competitive analysis:

o In 2006 Antwerp had a market share of 16.3% out of the total volume ofFreight handled by ports in the Hamburg-Le Havre range, putting it in secondPlace after Rotterdam (37%) and ahead of Hamburg (13%).

o In the field of non-containerized conventional/breakbulk freight, AntwerpWas the leader in 2006 with a market share of 24.4%, ahead of Rotterdam(20.7%) and Zeebrugge (14.4%).

o When it comes to container freight Antwerp is in third place, after Rotterdamand Hamburg. In the past few years Antwerp has managed to stronglyexpand its position as a container port.

o Whereas in 1990 Antwerp handled just under 16% of the container volume in the range, by 2006 the figure hadincreased to 22.8%.

o The only other port to achieve significant growth in its share of the container market during this period was Hamburg, from 19.2to 25.4%.

o During the same period Rotterdam’s share fell from 40 to 26.6%.

Key success factors and competitive advantages or core competencies:

Central geographical locationOf all North Sea ports, Antwerp is the most centrally positioned with regard to the largest European production and consumption centres.

Excellent hinterland connectionsA dense system of motorways, railways, inland waterways and pipelines help

22

carry goods quickly, economically and efficiently between the port and its hinterland.

World-wide sailing possibilitiesMore than 300 regular liner services offer 14,000 sailings every year to over 800 overseas destinations.

High productivity and qualityAntwerp is famous for the high productivity in cargo handling and for the quality of the services it provides.

Efficient logistic servicesSpecialized port companies provide entire logistical operations, finding the best answer for any logistical problem.

Strategies adopted (present and future):

In implementation of the Flemish Government Agreement of July 1999, a planning process for the Flemish ports has been introduced. For each port area in Flanders a Town & Country Implementation Plan has to be drawn up.

The most important objective of the plan is to guarantee further development of the port, while offering maximum protection for the surrounding residential areas, maintaining and strengthening the ecological infrastructure inside and outside the port area, and making economical use of space.

This means that economic expansion of the ports cannot always be interpreted as taking up additional space at the cost of agricultural land, natural areas or existing residential areas. The preparatory planning processes were completed in 2006.

23

A proposal for a single, all-embracing strategic plan for the Antwerp port area was drawn up, along with a basic document with the decisions of the various work ing parties concerning both banks of the river.

The detailed studies were then used as input for the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Plan procedure.

The guidelines for the EIS Plan were drawn up by the EIS working party towards the end of\2006,so that actual work on the EIS was able to begin. The EIS Plan will be finalized in the second half of 2007.

It will be followed by the Development Demarcation Plan for the port. This will define the demarcation of the port area, thus achieving the final objective of the Strategic Planning for the port of Antwerp.

Future plans of port

Harbor is like the main hub for the import and export business. The currently done businesses of the port consist of 65% through trucks, 10% by railways and rest by ships. But the government is planning to have 40% cargo by trucks, 40% by ships and rest by railways. Therefore government is investing in new plans for the port.LABOUR ORGANISATIONAt the port labors are organized in groups to perform their specific work. At the logistics area there are mainly two types of groups. There are companies owned workers and dock workers .dock workers is a pool of 7000 people who are highly skilled people and are trained in their work. Dock workers have the advantage that they can be shifted from one place to another because they have almost same type of work.A dock worker gets 1500 euro per month and a container worker gets 3000 euro per month. If a worker works on holiday, than they gets 300% of the days pay and if workers work on Sunday than they gets 200% of the salary of a day.At the port workers work in shifts. Port mainly operates 24 hours and workers have three shifts. Dock workers does not require any specific education qualification, the only condition is that must be above 18 years of age. At the port 95% of containers are owned by the shipping companies and only few are owned by private industries.

24

The loading and unloading of cargo is done with the help of cranes and shifting of containers is done by stacker. The cranes, stackers, loaders, unloaders are owned by companies and not by shipping companies. The dock workers works on these machines As they are skilled in this .when a container comes to, it is first stripped (unloading of material).

Key Findings, learnings & recommendations

The main key findings of our trip to Antwerp was that we observed that the port of

Antwerp is centrally located which means that port of Antwerp is the main center

of receiving and supplying the cargos or we can say the raw material which is sent

by the other countries to be furthers cycled or to be sent as it is to different part of

the other countries. The port of Antwerp has the benefit for geographical

conditions like Excellent hinterland connections, World More than 300 regular

liner services offer 14,000 sailings every year to over 800 overseas destinations,

High Antwerp is famous for the high productivity in cargo handling and for the

quality of the services it provide services.

The learnings that we come to know from the port of Antwerp is that we can make

India as a port of Antwerp but what we are lagging is the geographical conditions

and that benefit the port of Antwerp is having. What we recommend India is to

start the process to build a port of Antwerp and as well as try to cope up with the

geographical conditions.

25

The References

Bibliography:

1. www.portofantwerp.be

2. jan.ronse@haven.antwerpen.be

3. igor.daems@stad.antwerpen.be

4. www.portcenter.com

Pdf. Files:

1. Annual reports.

26

Books:

1. The Port Of Antwerp by Havencentrum Lillo.

27