The Gods of Ancient Greece- Identities and Transformations Jan N. Bremmer & Andrew Erskine

7/31/2019 The Gods of Ancient Greece- Identities and Transformations Jan N. Bremmer & Andrew Erskine

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EDINBURGH LEVENTIS STUDIES 5


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P

E L S 1

Word and Image in Ancient GreeceE N. K R B A. S

E L S Envy, Spite and Jealousy: The Rivalrous Emotions in Ancient Greece

E D K N. K R

E L S 3Ancient Greece: From the Mycenaean Palaces to the Age o Homer

E S D-J I S. L

E L S 4Pursuing the Good: Ethics and Metaphysics in Platos R

E D C, F-G H T P


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EDINBURGH LEVENTIS STUDIES 5

THE GODS OF ANCIENTGREECE

Identities and Transormations

E

J N. B A E

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ISBN 978 0 7486 3798 0 ()

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C, D P A 1988.


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CONTENTS

Preace List o Illustrations Notes on Contributors List o Abbreviations

I: T G G T C 1Jan N. Bremmer

1 W G G 19Albert Henrichs

PART I SYSTEMATIC ASPECTS

C P: D GR O 43

Ian Rutherord3 G G I: S M

Q 55 Fritz Gra4 M G A H 81

Richard Buxton5 Sf G: A E M

I 9 Stella Georgoudi6 G C: C HD

E C G A 106 Anja Klckner7 N S O G 16

Kenneth Lapatin


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contents

PART II INDIVIDUAL DIVINITIES AND HEROES

8 Z O 155

Judith M. Barringer9 Z A: F M 178 Richard Seaord10 H S H C

A G 193 Jan N. Bremmer11 T A: G

O C G 09 Ivana Petrovic1 H G H 8 Emma Staford13 I G H: A G

S G R P 45Claude Calame

PART III DIACHRONIC ASPECTS

14 E G T: G N N G 73 Simon Trpanier15 G E G H 318 Robert L. Fowler16 G A 335 T. H. Carpenter17 L G: L U D 348 Matthew W. Dickie18 T G G N 36 Ken Dowden19 R P: C G R

D 375 Vinciane Pirenne-Delorge0 K T P A: A C

S G G L M S 388 Christopher A. Faraone1 Homo ctor deorum est: E D

L Aq D S 406 Sarah Iles Johnston T G L O 4 Alberto Bernab3 C A G G 44 Lautaro Roig Lanzillotta


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contents

4 T M G I: O Z A C 465

Christoph Aufarth

PART IV HISTORIOGRAPHY

5 T G G L N- E T-C G B S 483

Michael Konaris

E 505Andrew Erskine

Index 511


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PREFACE

T G , . Y A D, A A, Z H , G . F G ,W B , J-PV -

G . T . I , .

I G . T - , , - G H q.M, . N, f , q : G T , - H G W

W I q G I , - G C.

T


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preace

E N 007 JB F L V P G.O A. G. L F M

G D f . T 1990 G E.

M . I J S, - - ; C S, C C F; E V, ;D C K R, ; M MC, ;, , M ME C M, E U P.

J BA E


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ILLUSTRATIONS

6.1 V A A: A, D K (A, NM 133). 109

6. V K: D P, (C,M 337). 111

6.3 V A , (A, NM 140). 113

6.4 V A A: H A (A,NM 1338). 114

6.5 V H, (B, SM S 709A). 116

6.6 V q , (P, AM 041). 119

6.7 V M: q , (P,L M 417). 10

7.1 M - P Athena, P, N, T. P M P A. 18

7. F T (A,A P M APM0579). P A P M, A. 134

7.3 A , N Y, MM A 50.11.4. P M M A. 135

7.4 C A H D,D, - BC. D M. P EA/P. C. 138


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list o illustrations

7.5 H T, C M 50. P: HB, G I, U

O. 1397.6 I E P Zeus O. P F. I-B P. G,A Numismatic Commentary on Pausanias (L,1887). 144

7.7 I M TZeus Olympios. P T B M. 146

7.8 R P Hera A, V, U. B,M F A 03.749. P 117.5 .P: K L. 147

7.9 A N S D D A Dionysos, -f BC. P T B M. 148

8.1 R P Zeus, c.43843 BC.R Olympia , T.11. 156

8. P O, c.450 BC. P: H R. G. 157

8.3 A O . P: A. L,A. 1578.4 T f , c.900 BC, O

M, W.-D. H, OlForsch 7: FrheOlympische Tonguren (B: W G, 197),. 178. P: . 159

8.4 B f (Z), BC, O M B901. P:H R. G. 159

8.5 B f (S B) (Z),c.680 BC, O M B1999. P: H R.G. 161

8.5 Zeus Keraunios O, c.500 BC, A,N M X6195. P: H R. G. 161

8.6 O, A, , c.350 BC,M A S. P: H R. G. 16

8.7 E ( f), Z,

O, c.470456 BC, O M. P: HR. G. 1658.8 S , O M. P:

H R. G. 1688.8 G P , c.490 BC, O M

B5100. P: H R. G. 168


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8.9 Nike P, c.40 BC, O M. P:H R. G. 17

8.9 P Nike P, c.40 BC, O, A.

P: H R. G. 1738.10 O, A, A M,c.480475 BC. P: H R. G. 176

1.1 H H A -. A , c.370 BC (B 96.696).P: . 35

1. H f H A -f, K P, c.40400 BC(K B55). P: . 36

1.3 H - . A-f , c.400380 BC, - P L G508 (P). P: . 37

1.4 H f O A. A -f , c.480 BC,- G P (P, L G34).P: . 40

1.5 M H H. I ( ): M, K, A,

H H, A, A, C;Z, H, H. C V,c.600 BC. D: Archeologia nella Tuscia II(R: C , 1986), . 48. 41

1.6 H , . A -f K P, c.410 BC (M 360). P:. 4

1.7 M H H. A -f , c.410 BC (V G 38). P: S,DAI (. . 57.486). 43

13.1 P A. A V. P-D,LAphrodite grecque (1994), . 55, T; V. P-D. 54

13. P A B. A G. E, I I, Kernos 16 (003),. 68; Kernos. 56

13.3 C krateriskos. A L. K, LA B: , Antike Kunst 0 (1977), . 8698; Antike Kunst; I. A. 60

16.1 M A. C T. H. C. 33616. A : .


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D A . C D I A, . 1983.5. 339

16.3 A :

(naiskos). C DI A, . 1983.5. 34116.4 A : f

D . N89 (H. 411), R A.F K. R, GriechischeVasenmalerei, III (M, 193), . 175. 344

16.5 A : D H P . T , ; , A, P A.C T M A 1994.19. 347

4.1 M . 4694. M . 4704.3 T L A A

(L , 43040 BC). C A B S L, I. L70. P A F. V. 471

4.4 M C. 474.5 S S P, NM, N, N LI, 1894. 474

4.6 R . 4764.7 D

. 4764.8 W G M

. 477


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NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Christoph Aufarth P R S U B. I (G C) E, . H Der drohende Untergang . . . Odyssee und das Ezechielbuch (1991),Mittelalterliche Eschatologie (1996/00) Die Ketzer (005), Metzler Lexikon Religion ( Brill Dictionary oReligion, 199900; 006).

Judith M. Barringer P G A A U E. H G , G . S , Art, Myth, and Ritual inClassical Greece (008) The Hunt in Ancient Greece (001), G , - , Periklean Athens and its Legacy:Problems and Perspectives (005).

Alberto Bernab P G P UC (M). H G -, . H Poetae Epici Graeci:Testimonia et Fragmenta (1996) Orphicorum Fragmenta (0047),- ( A I J S C) Instructions orthe Netherworld: The Orphic Gold Tablets (008), - (F C) Oreo y la tradicin rca: un reencuentro

(008).

Jan N. Bremmer E P R S U G. A G C, The Early Greek Concept o the Soul(1983), Greek Religion (1994), The Rise and Fall o the Aterlie (00),


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notes on contributors

Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible and the Ancient Near East (008) The Rise o Christianity through the Eyes o Gibbon, Harnack andRodney Stark(010), .

Richard Buxton P G L L U B. H G , . A ImaginaryGreece (1994), The Complete World o Greek Mythology (004) Forms o Astonishment (009). H From Myth toReason? (1999) Oxord Readings in Greek Religion (000).

Claude Calame D G E H E S S P.H The Poetics o Eros in Ancient Greece (1999), Mythand History in Ancient Greece (003), Masks o Authority: Fiction andPragmatics in Ancient Greek Poetics (005) Greek Mythology:Poetics, Pragmatics, and Fiction (008).

T. H. Carpenter C J. P P H P C O U. H

G . H Dionysian Imagery in Archaic Greece (1986), Art andMyth in Ancient Greece (1989) Dionysian Imagery in Fith CenturyAthens (1996) .

Matthew W. Dickie U I C. H G R . H Magic and Magicians in the Greco-Roman World(001).

Ken Dowden P C, D I A Aq, U B.H , G , . B Death and the Maiden(1989), European Paganism (000) Zeus (006), N L W-B Companion to GreekMythology.

Andrew Erskine P A H U E. H H R R. H Troy between Greece and Rome(001) The Hellenistic Stoa (1990) A Companionto the Hellenistic World(003) A Companion to Ancient History(009).


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Christopher A. Faraone S P C H U C. H G . H

Talismans and Trojan Horses: Guardian Statues in Ancient Greek Mythand Ritual(199), Ancient Greek Love Magic (1999) The StanzaicArchitecture o Ancient Greek Elegiac Poetry (008).

Robert L. Fowler H. O. W P G U B. H The Nature o Early Greek Lyric (1987) Early Greek Mythography I (000), CambridgeCompanion to Homer (004).

Stella Georgoudi P E Pq H E(P), Mtis. A G , Des chevaux et des bus dans le monde grec (1990),Mythes grecs au gur: de lantiquit au baroque ( J-PV ., 1996) f, - . S ( R. P F.S) La cuisine et lautel: les sacrices en questions dans lessocits de la Mditerrane ancienne (005).

Fritz Graf is Proessor o Greek and Latin at the Ohio State

University and Director o Epigraphy at the Center or Epigraphical

and Palaeographical Studies. His main research interests are

Greek and Roman religions and epigraphy. Among his books

are Nordionische Kulte: Religionsgeschichtliche und Epigraphische

Untersuchungen (1985), Greek Mythology (1993 [1985]), Magic in

the Ancient World(1997 [1994]), Apollo (2008) and, with Sarah Iles

Johnston, Ritual Texts or the Aterlie: Orpheus and the Bacchic

Gold Tablets (2007).

Albert Henrichs E P G L HU. H Die Gtter Griechenlands: Ihr Bild imWandel der Religionswissenschat (1987) Warum soll ich denntanzen? Dionysisches im Chor der griechischen Tragdie (1996). H G , D ,

.

Sarah Iles Johnston P G L D C S R O S U. S Ancient Greek Divination (008), Restless Dead(1999) Hekate Soteira (1990); -, F G, Ritual


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Texts or the Aterlie: Orpheus and the Bacchic Gold Tablets (007); - .

Anja Klckner P C A U G. H . S Poseidon undNeptun: Zur Rezeption griechischer Gtterbilder in der rmischenKunst (1997) G .

Michael Konaris O - G - G B I R F U B. H G . H - A D - .

Kenneth Lapatin A C Aq J. PG M. A ,

, Chryselephantine Statuary in theAncient Mediterranean World(001), Mysteries o the Snake Goddess(00) Ancient Greece (004), . H C C: T L A A G P R V: A C B N.

Ivana Petrovic L A G L DU. H H G . S Artemiskult bei Theokrit undKallimachos (007).

Vinciane Pirenne-Delorge S R A F R Sfq (FNRS), S L U L, f Kernos. S G , G (LAphrodite grecque, 1994). H

P, Retour la source: Pausanias et la religion grecque (008).

Lautaro Roig Lanzillotta S L N T E C S U G. H C G N


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H. H La envidia en el pensamiento griego(1997), Acta Andreae Apocrypha: A New Perspective on the Nature,Intention and Signicance o the Primitive Text (007) Quin es

Quin en el Nuevo Testamento (009), - Handelingenvan Andreas (008).

Ian Rutherord P G U R. H G , G , A, G E. H Pindars Paeans (001), theoria( ) G H .H , Wandering Poets in Ancient Greek Culture ( R H,009).

Richard Seaord P A G U E. H E Cyclops (1984) Bacchae (1996), Reciprocity and Ritual: Homerand Tragedy in theDeveloping City-State (1994), Money and the EarlyGreek Mind: Homer,Philosophy, Tragedy (004), Dionysos (006),

H N T.

Emma Staford S L U L. H G , - , . S Worshipping Virtues: Personication and theDivine in Ancient Greece (000) Herakles (010), - Personication in the Greek World(005)

Simon Trpanier L C U E. H G , - P, P E, . H Empedocles: AnInterpretation (004).


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ABBREVIATIONS

A G L Oxord Classical Dictionary, 3 (OCD3; O:O U P, 1996).

AD Archaiologikon DeltionAJA American Journal o ArchaeologyAJPh American Journal o PhilologyAnnEpig LAnne Epigraphique

ANRW Austieg und Niedergang der rmischen WeltASAA Annuario della Scuola archeologica di AteneASNP Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di PisaBASP Bulletin o the American Society o PapyrologistsBCH Bulletin de Correspondance HellniqueBICS Bulletin o the Institute o Classical StudiesCAH The Cambridge Ancient History (C: C

U P)CIERGA C I E R Gq

AqCIG Corpus Inscriptionum GraecarumClAnt Classical AntiquityCPh Classical PhilologyCQ Classical QuarterlyCRAI Comptes Rendus des Sances de lAcadmie des

Inscriptions et Belles-LettresCSCA Caliornian Studies in Classical Antiquity

DT A. A, Dexionum tabellae (P: F,1904)DTA R. W, Dexionum Tabellae Atticae, Inscriptiones

Graecae 3.3 (C: A, [1897] 1978)GRBS Greek, Roman, and Byzantine StudiesHSCPh Harvard Studies in Classical Philology


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list o abbreviations

HThR Harvard Theological ReviewI.Chios F. G, Nordionische Kulte (R: I S,

1984), . 4761

I.Cos W. R. P E. L. H, The Inscriptions o Cos(O, 1891)ICS Illinois Classical StudiesI.Didyma A. R, Didyma, II. Die Inschriten, . R. H

(B, 1958)I.Ephes. H. W ., Die Inschriten von Ephesos, IVII

(IGSK 1117; B, 197981)I.Erythrai H. E R. M, Die Inschriten von

Erythrai und Klazomena, III (IGSK 1; B1973)

I.Gonnoi B. H, Gonnoi. 2: Les inscriptions (A:H, 1973)

IGSK Inschriten griechischer Stdte aus Kleinasien (B,197)

I.Iasos W. B, Die Inschriten von Iasos (IGSK. 8 1/;B, 1985)

I.Lindos C.B, Lindos: ouilles et recherch. II: Fouilles

de lacropole. Inscriptions (B, 1941)I.Milet P. H, Inschriten von Milet. Milet: DieErgebnisse der Ausgrabungen und Untersuchungen seitdem Jahr 1899. V. VI 13 (B: D G,1997006)

I.Mylasa W. B, Die Inschriten von Mylasa, I: Inschriten derStadt (IGSK. 34, B, 1987); II:Inschriten aus derUmgebung der Stadt (IGSK. 35; B, 1988)

I.Pergamon M. F, Die Inschriten von Pergamon, III (B,1890-.)

I.Priene F. H. G, Die Inschriten von Priene(B: R, 1906)

JDAI Jahrbuch des deutschen archologischen InstitutsJHS Journal o Hellenic StudiesLIMC Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae ClassicaeLSAM F. S, Lois sacres de lAsie Mineure (P: D

B, 1955)

LSCG F. S, Lois sacres des cits grecques (P: DB, 1969)LSJ H. G.L, R. S H. S. J, A Greek-English

Lexicon, 9 (O, 1940).LSS F. S, Lois sacres des cits grecques,

Supplment (P: D B, 196)


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list o abbreviations

MDAI(A) Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archologischen Instituts(A)

MEFRA Mlanges drchologie et dhistoire de lEcole ranaise

de RomeMilet I: H. K ., Das Rathaus von Milet. Milet:Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen und Untersuchungenseit dem Jahr 1899. V. I (B: DA I, 1908)

Milet I:7 H. K A. R, Der Sdmarkt und diebenachbarten Bauanlagen. Milet: Die Ergebnisse derAusgrabungen und Untersuchungen seit dem Jahr 1899.V. I 7 (B: D AI, 194)

PDM Papyri Demoticae MagicaePGM Papyri Graecae MagicaePMG D. L. P, Poetae Melici Graeci (O: O

U P, 196)RAC Reallexikon r Antike und ChristentumRE Realencyclopdie der classischen AltertumswissenschatREG Revue des Etudes Grecques

SMSR Studi e Materiali di Storia delle ReligioniStobi J. W, Stobi: A Guide to the Ancient City (B:N M T V, 1973)

TAPhA Transactions o the American Philological SocietyThesCRA Thesaurus Cultus et Rituum Antiquorum: Lexikon antiker

Kulte und Riten, 5 (L A: G, 0046)TLG T L G (://...)VigChris Vigiliae ChristianaeYCS Yale Classical StudiesZPE Zeitschrit r Papyrologie und Epigraphik


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I

THE GREEK GODS IN THE TWENTIETHCENTURY

Jan N. Bremmer

W f I-E G BC, . S I-E . I . F , G *deiws,, I-E , IE *dyew-/diw-, .1 I

thes, , A , , L, L H L. T G , M, G, q L B te-o.

T, I-E , G. I H, M, , , q H.3 A

F I A E, B F, J L GR , , A H.

1 M. L. W, Indo-European Poetry and Myth (O: O U P,007), . 10.

C. W, H , : A H H A I C , B. J. C . (), Anatolian Interaces: Hittites, Greeks and Their Neighbours(O: O, 008), . 13441 13940.

3 H: Iliad1.570; 3.364; 5.373, 867, 898; 7.178, . E: Odyssey 6.1503;H. Th. 373, . W, Indo-European Poetry and Myth, . 10, 16; R. J Il. 14.198 ( ).


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jan n. bremmer

, H(Il. 14.901) chalkis kumindis ; H, O I,

O N G I-E G.4

I f A H f f , , .U, , M , I-E G , ; M ,5 G (A A 17.3).6I , , , f, , , .7

T M

, H.8

Y

4 S C. L, G q mly: q, LALIES 6 (1988), . 1938; F. B, La langue des dieux, oulhermtisme des potes indo-europens (P: G, 1989); W, Indo-European Poetry and Myth, . 160; A. W, Sikelismos (B: S,009), . 4749.

5 J. L. G R, A M: 5. a-wi-do-to /Awisto-dotos/ G A.-G. 6. we-re-na-ko M. */wrn/: .-. , , iva Antika 55 (005), . 8597 8691; W,Indo-European Poetry and Myth, . 1734 (C ).

6 P. W. H, HellenismJudaismChristianity: Essays on Their Interaction(L: P, 1994), . 1650 (= ANRW II 18., 1989, . 14656);A. H, A : A, ICS19 (1994), . 758.

7 O f: J. W, Mykenische Opergaben nach Aussage derLinear B-Texte (V: V A W,005); H. W, B f M : , Opuscula Atheniensia 31 (0067), . 18390. S:A. M A, From Rulers Dwellings to Temples: Architecture, Religionand Society in Early Iron Age Greece (1100700 BC) (J: P A,1997); F. R, L B, N. B . (), Nommer les dieux: Thonymes, pithtes, piclsesdans lAntiquit (T: B, 005), . 3588 33941; J. L. GR, D B H P, C.F H. H (), Kult und Kommunikation (W: R,007), . 1738.

8 B. H. L. G, Onomasticon o the Hittite Pantheon, 3 (L: B,1998001).


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introduction 3

, f M K,9 . A ,

L B ,10

- f : A,11A, D, D (), E, E, E,H, H,1 H, M G,13 P, W, K, Z. O E, E, P P, : E P E(),14 E D (P. 8.5.5), P, - Iliad (5.401, 900), A A.15 P - M;16 H , H , .17 F, L B G, P, K, K T, - . I H f H, , E, ,

G , I-E .18 S H , I-E

9 The expression is ancient, at least Graeco-Aryan, c. West, Indo-EuropeanPoetry and Myth, pp. 122, 127. On the relationships between the gods seeJ. Gulizio, Mycenaean religion at Knossos, Pasiphae 1 (2007 [2008]), pp.3518.

10 S , , R, L .

11 J. L. G R, M P D P: i-su-ku-wo-do-to a-re-me-ne, a-re-i-me-ne, Pasiphae 1 (007[008]), . 3335 3935.

1 J. G (.), Hra: images, espaces, cultes (N: C J B,1997); J. N. B, H, L. J (.), Encyclopedia o Religion (NY: M, 005), . 391416; A. W, H, E, I S,Indogermanische Forschungen, .

13 F f, L B D M, P. B, La Mre des dieux ( P: S, 1996).

14 S S 105.10 D; P. P. 4.33, 173, Pae. 5.41, 60.6.15 I. R, Pindars Paeans (O: O U P, 001), .

1317; F. G, Apollo (L N Y: R, 009), . 814,139.

16 C. B, Po-ti-ni-ja: llment minin dans la religion mycnienne, daprs lesarchives en linaire B(N: ADRA P: B, 004).

17 H: Il. 1.357, 4.50, . M: 1.357, 6.64, .18 W, Indo-European Poetry and Myth, . 19417 (S), 177 (D).


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4 jan n. bremmer

S-M.19 I B, Z P, B.A P, B, E, H V, B -

.0

D G I-E .T G

M : A, A, A D. A H, . T, E M I-E, f , *D, .1 A MP A (), . A , G A C, E . F, A , , . A G A L,3 L A N,

X .4

A

19 SEG6.457, 458, . W, Indo-European Poetry and Myth, . 306; N. L,L T digamma H, M. B. H (.),Phns charaktr ethnikos (A P: B, 007), . 3769.

0 W. B, Structure and History in Greek Mythology and Ritual(B, LA, L: U C P, 1979), . 134; W, Indo-European Poetry and Myth, . 174, 178, 181.

1 W, Indo-European Poetry and Myth, . 1758; A. W, D, G, I-E () Historische Sprachorschung10 (007),. 16994. T D, , A W (, J 009) , - ( q -) D (.. f ). W -- , I - . . . D f , ; , ; . J. N. B, R D S E, ZPE158 (007), . 7.

Od. 8.363; H. Th. 199; S .16, 134 V; A 96.1, 380 V;Hom. H. Aphrodite , 589; W. B, Greek Religion (O: B, 1985),. 153; J. C. F, C, G , K, Y. M . (), Sounds rom the Past: Music in the Ancient Near East and MediterraneanWorlds = Yuval Studies o the Jewish Music Research Centre 8 (J:M P, H U, 010).

3 Il. 4.101, 119; E. F 700 K; A. Bith. . 34 R.4 O. C, C Natri , M. F S. Z (),

Novalis Indogermanica (G: L, 00), . 7584.


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introduction 5

H A ( c.180 BC) , .5 I , , G

.There was probably a hierarchy among Mycenaean divinities, asPoseidon is mentioned most and receives the greatest number o oer-

ings in Pylos. Rather surprisingly, he almost certainly had a wie,

Posidaeja (PY Tn 316.4), just as Zeus seems to have had a wie Diwia,

who survived in outlying Pamphylia,6 but who was already replaced in

Mycenaean times by Hera.7 Zeus and Hera even have a son, Drimios

(PY Tn 316.89), but he, too, is no longer attested in the frst millennium.

As in classical times, some o these gods seem to have had an epithet,

an important part o the Greek divine personality, which is gradually

receiving long overdue attention.8 This is especially clear in the case

o Potnia, a generic epithet that was applied to dierent goddesses and

determined by a reerence to a cult place or a specifc characteristic. The

topographical title Potnia o Atana (KN V 5.1) is comparable to other

topographical epithets, such as Apollo Delios or Aphrodite Paphia, and

the Potnia o the horses (PY An 181.1) looks very much like the later

Athena Hippia or Poseidon Hippios, o the horses. The most intrigu-

ing combination is Hermes Areias (PY Tn 316.7), which resembles thelater Athena Areia or Aphrodite Areia.9 But whereas in classical Greek

religion a goddess is always combined with the adjectival orm o a god,

or vice versa,30 this is clearly not yet the case in Mycenaean times.

F H , , M ,

25 R. Beekes, The origin o Apollo, Journal o Ancient Near-Eastern Religions3 (2003), pp. 123, overlooked by the unpersuasive R. Rsol, Die Herkuntdes Gottesnamen Apollon, Glotta 83 (2007), pp. 22242; Gra, Apollo, pp.13042.

6 C. Brixhe, Achens et Phrygiens en Asie Mineure: approche comparative dequelques donnes lexicales, in Fritz and Zeilelder, Novalis Indogermanica, pp.4973 at 545 (Pamphylia); Rougemont, Les noms des dieux, p. 337 n. 63 (LinearB).

7 G. D, V H G, Die Sprache 34 (198890), . 16, I-E D D, - W, Indo-European Poetry and Myth, . 19.

8 P. B, L q, Kernos 11 (1998),. 1334, B, La Grce d ct (R: P U R, 007), . 3133; R. P, T G ,Opuscula Atheniensia 8 (003), . 17383; B ., Nommer les dieux;G, , C 3.

9 F A A G. P, Entre ciel et guerre: Figures dAphrodite enGrce ancienne = Kernos, S. 18 (L: CIERGA, 007), . 658.

30 R. P, A I : -, B ., Nommer les dieux, . 196 190, 5.


30/555

6 jan n. bremmer

, , , ,31 ,3 , -.33 M, ,

O , D, G ,34 , .35A I R (C ) , D H T, H.36B A R f. I D O H (B: C 10),A (349 V/L).T 600 BC D L, H .37 V L, I , D A O 500 BC. A

, f

31 S A. L, G G: E B I W, B. O F. E (), Echo: Festschrit J.B. Trentini(I: I S U I,1990), . 19708; B. A, C , R. H (.), The Iconography o Greek Cult in the Archaic and ClassicalPeriods (A L: CIERGA, 199), . 946; T. S, Die Gottheit undihr Bild(M: B, 000); S. B, La statua di culto nella pratica ritualegreca (B: L E, 001); P. L B ., R - , Thesaurus Cultus et Rituum Antiquorum II (LA: G, 004), . 417507; L, , C 7.

3 For the contribution o myth to our knowledge o the nature o divinity seeR. Buxton, Imaginary Greece (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp.14551.

33 T Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae (Z:A, 198199); D. G . (), Die Rckkehr der Gtter(R: S S, 008).

34 K. D, O , O , D. O (.), ACompanion to Greek Religion (O: B, 007), . 4155.

35 V. P-D (.), Les Panthons des cits des origines la Prigse dePausanias = Kernos, S. 8 (L: CIERGA, 1998).

36 J. N. B, Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible and the Ancient Near East (L: B, 008), . 778.

37 K. T S. T, L: Z G K, R. R B. T (), Altertum und Mittelmeerraum: Die antikeWelt diesseits und jenseits der Levante (S: S, 006), . 89111;H. M, H L, C ., Anatolian Interaces, . 576;B, Greek Religion and Culture, . 317.


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introduction 7

, H (S: C 1).38I , , G , .

I G , G W B G 1977. B G T q, G ,39 I , , G : W, G, N B.

U W-M (18481931), H ,40 f G .41 I -, G . I f H,4 -H, -H H L B. Y G ,

G .43

I

38 As I have argued in Bremmer, The rise o the hero cult and the new Simonides, ZPE158 (007), pp. 156. The chronology has insu ciently been taken into account inrecent studies o the hero cult; c. H. van Wees, From kings to demigods: epic heroesand social change, c. 750600 BC, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy and I. Lemos (eds), AncientGreece (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 006), pp. 36379; G. Ekroth,Heroes and hero-cults, in Ogden, A Companion to Greek Religion, pp. 10014.

39 F A. H, Die Gtter Griechenlands: Ihr Bild im Wandelder Religionswissenschat (B: C. C. B, 1987) = H. F (.),Auseinandersetzungen mit der Antike (B: C. C. B, 1990), . 1166.

40 I , , W. M. CIII W, R. L. F, U W-M, W. W. B W. M. C III (), Classical Scholarship: A BiographicalEncyclopedia (N Y L: G, 1990), . 4895.

41 U. W-M, Der Glaube der Hellenen, (B:W, 1931). F W G A. H, D G H: R G K, W. M. C III . (),Wilamowitz nach 50 Jahren (D: W B,1985), . 6305; R. L. F, B : W O, Syllecta Classica 0 (009).

4 I R G; . W, Glaube, I, . 50.

43 W, Glaube, I, . 467; R. P, S , A. P (.), Classical Sparta (L: R, 1989), . 147, Athenian Religion (O: O U P, 1996); M. L. Z, HieraMesseniaka: La storia religiosa della Messenia dallet micenea allet ellenistica(U: F, 1997).


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8 jan n. bremmer

W G, P 50-, ,

P. I , , -, G . I N B .44 N,W L (D: C 17) P (P-D: C 19), (D: C 18) q (F: C 0) (J: C 1).H C (A: C 4), . U, , .

W , . I f , G

f . T Die Gtter sind da, T ( , ), .45T W F. O(18741958) Die Gtter sind, T , Die Gtter Griechenlands, G , 199, W .46 W

44 M. P. N, Geschichte der griechischen Religion (M: B, 1955), I, .74183; B, Greek Religion, . 30537.

45 W, Glaube, I, . 1719, 3, 4. A A H (, J 009): W W () G O , . T da G q G ekei, , f . L G die Gtter sind da, q- , () THERE, .. f . T .

46 W. F. O, Die Gtter Griechenlands: Das Bild des Gttlichen im Spiegel des grie-chischen Geistes (B: F. C, 199). F O A. S, O, WF., L. J (.), Encyclopedia o Religion, . 10 (D: T/G,005), . 6935; H, , C 1. F O A. S, P, W. F. O, Gli di della Grecia (M:A, 004), . 3095.


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introduction 9

O , G .47 H , G

, , .48 H ,49 , - , G , , .50

T Glaube W G C q , , ,P Z O (B: C 8) allmchtig, , allliebend, .51F W G , . H , Glaube Gehl, f - ,5 .53

H G .54 T , ,W , - ; , - ,

47 W, Glaube, I, . 1011.48 W, Glaube, I, . 10, 4. F

G. W. S, J, Ater Tylor (W: U W P,1995); C. P, Totem mana tab: Archeologia di concetti antropologici(R:M, 001), H. G. K, Discovering Religious History in theModern Age (P: P U P, 00).

49 W, Glaube, I, . 1314 (), 36 ().50 W, Glaube, I, . 36 ( V G S G); .

H, D G H, . 97.51 W, Glaube, II, . 173; . H, D G H,

. 9.5 C. F. W. G, Die Wiederkehr der Gtter (M: B, 004), . 171. T

W K. O. M W , . H, D G H, . 913.

53 T oi, croyance, aith, belie Glaube E terra incognita; . J. W, L (XIIXVII ), Bibliothque dHumanisme et Renaissance 44.1(1983), . 758; S. G. H ., G IVVI, Theologische Realenzyklopdie13 (B N Y: D G, 1984), . 30565; E. S, L G, Incontri linguistici6 (003), . 14557.

54 H, D G H, . 95.


34/555

10 jan n. bremmer

,55 . I , , , ,

G , H q.56

A W G , F, LG (188196),57 D - .58 I 300 30 ,59 , W, 00.G , -f (G), (H), W,60 (E),61 , .6 A

55 F , -, J. N. B, R, . : , F. G(.), Ansichten griechischer Rituale: Festschrit r Walter Burkert (S L: T, 1998), . 93 1014.

56 F, W, . 510.57 F G S. C. H, Anthropology and the Greeks (L:

R, 1978), . 76106, 837 (T L G), , , R. D, Per una antropologia storica del mondoantico (F: L N I, 1990), . 1130 (L L G).

58 L. G A. B, Le gnie grec dans la religion (P: R L, 193). G W; LesGrecs sans miracle (P: L D, 1983), . 10415 (19341). H, G G : [W] U D, R (. 105).

59 G, Le gnie grec, . 0413, 141. I , D (1951) H J (18941960): L.G, LAnthropologie de la Grce antique (P: F M, 1968),. 6389; O Die Gtter Griechenlands Revue dePhilologie 57 (1931), . 914.

60 F W A. S, A, SMSR 35 (1964), .13759; R. H, Kult der Winde in Athen und Kreta, SB H, P.-.K. 1967.1 (H: W, 1967); K. N, Anemoi: Studien zur Darstellungder Winde und Windgottheiten in der Antike (R: B, 198).

61 F f H. A. S, Personicationsin Greek Art: The Representation o Abstract Concepts 600400 BC (Z:A 1993); E. J. S, Worshipping Virtues: Personication and theDivine in Ancient Greece (S: C P W, 000); B. B, DerLogos des Mythos: Allegorien und Personikationen in der rhen griechischenKunst (M: F, 00).

6 N: M. H-T G. S, N I, LIMC8.1 (1997), .89190; J. L, Greek Nymphs: Myth, Cult, Lore (O: O UP, 001).


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introduction 11

, , G , .63 T :

q , . S , ; , ; , , . T G systme de notions.

I G - , .B , , , G. G : , . M, q : D , A , H - . I .

G , - Z, P

A (S: C 9) . I , . T , .T ( F: C 15).

W 1941 G - M N (18741967), G .64 H , ,65 1930, 1955 .66 U W

63 G, Le gnie, . : q q .64 O N J. M, M P. N, B C, Classical

Scholarship, . 33540; A. B W. M. C III, I : U W-M MP. N Religionsgeschichte (1901930), Eranos 89 (1991), . 7399, W. M. C III, Further Letters o Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorf(H: O, 1994), . 15178.

65 A. D. N, Early Gentile Christianity and Its Hellenistic Background(N Y:H R, 1964), . .

66 M. P. N, Geschichte der griechischen Religion, : I (M: B, 19411,1955, 19673), II (M: B, 19501, 1961). I q f , N .


36/555

1 jan n. bremmer

G, N 1900. T , -

T, F .67

C G N. A G , Geschichte, 385. A G, N niederen gttlichen Wesen, , -, , M.68 A , f M, M69 H . I N , H M . M, , , .70T H Gtterapparat G .71 T , H G . I G f,7 (T: C 14).

N -

. T . I , , , N, , . A N , . A , A A (), , A D, Z H, , , K T (). I , .

67 S N Forschungsgeschichte, : Geschichte,I,. 313. F B, R,, . 144.

68 N, Geschichte, I, . 1655.69 U W, N ; .

Geschichte, I, . 355: E , M M V , V R .

70 F H W. B, Kleine Schriten I: Homerica(G: V R, 001), . 8094.

71 N, Geschichte, I, . 86374.7 F W. B, Kleine Schriten II: Orientalia (G:

V R, 003), . 96118.


37/555

introduction 13

I , N - , , - . I

G .Y . T N Z. A , N Z , . H . A (), , .73 T G - - Z. M, G F H P N, C, f Z L A Regenzauber, .74 G , , q, N Z .75

N Z H, , A A P Z H (A.Ath. Pol. 55.3). N , Z .76 O , Z K q . H , R P :N - .77 Z M

73 F Z, R. P, Athenian Religion: A History(O: O U P, 1996), . 303.

74 N, Geschichte, I, . 396401. F G F B, Greek Religion and Culture, . 30338 (T M GF), B, M G f: L,P R , J. N. B (.), TheStrange World o Human Sacrice (L: P, 007), . 5579 6578,.

75 N, Geschichte, I, . 401, R. P, Polytheism and Society atAthens (O: O U P, 005), . 416: Z .

76 P, Polytheism, . 1618.77 N, Geschichte, I, . 4036, . P, Polytheism, . 15.


38/555

14 jan n. bremmer

Z . B N Z

, ; , .78 N , , Z S, . T N, .79

I f Z, , N Z , .I Z - , B P, :P, P A;80 , N, Z .81 I Z Z ,8 , H, D.T ,

. C I Z N

, N q .O G q G . Y , - , . I N D, N ; G .83 Y

78 N, Geschichte, I, . 41114. F M. J ., A L S rom Selinous (D, NC: D U,1993), . 81103, 103.

79 F. G, Nordionische Kulte (R: S I, 1985), . 1813;P, Athenian Religion, . 3841.

80 G, Nordionische Kulte, . 33 (P, P), 176 (B).81 N, Geschichte, I, . 419, . J, A L Srom Selinous, . 119.8 S G, Nordionische Kulte, . 034 (Z P).83 N, Geschichte, I, . 634 (D), 67 (G).


39/555

introduction 15

f . I .84

L N, W B (. 1931) , 191 1977 G .85 Y . W (K: C 5),B G f .86 Y f J- P V (1914007).87 T G D (18981986), V , .W W W 88B .89 I , O , , I-E .90 W B

ZH AA, , T Z. Y , , , - A P P

84 F R P Athenian Religion Polytheism.

85 W. B, Griechische Religion der archaischen und klassischen Epoche (S:K, 1977). I q 1985 E : B, GreekReligion. O B F. G, K M S: Z - W W B, Neue Zrcher Zeitung, 67 J1991; H, , C 1, . 7.

86 B, Greek Religion, . 165.87 O V D, Per una antropologia, . 0944; A. L, L -

J-P V, Critique 61 (1998), . 688; A. P, J-P V, Belagor 56 (001), . 87306.

88 A J. N. B, Greek Religion (O: O UP, 1998, C: C U P, 006), . 15.V f 1966; . V, Mythe et socit en Grceancienne (P: F M, 1974), . 1030 (L ); H, , C 1, . 1.

89 F q H, , C 1.90 W. E, G G, W. M (.), Studien

zum indogermanischen Wortschatz (I: I S U I, 1987), . 3556; W, Indo-European Poetry and Myth,. 1914.


40/555

16 jan n. bremmer

D .91 T A H , PH : V

.9

O , V 93 , . A , O , G - G . T , - P . Y, , G .94

M, B V . W , T q, A, ,

H T. H -, f (G: C 5), , . I G . I , F V G , R G B .95 H,

91 B, Structure and History, . 178; B, E D G: P, D. . . P (.), E gies Dei: Essays on the History oReligions (L: B, 1987), . 3541.

9 S J.-P. V M. D, Les rusesdintelligence (P: F, 1974), . 1780. F f A. K, H D D M, G ., Die Rckkehr der Gtter, . 1837.

93 S A D J.-P. V, Figures, idoles,masques (P: J, 1990), . 13746, Mortals and Immortals, .F. Z (P: P U P, 1991), . 19557. T : L. B Z P. S P, Religion in theAncient Greek City, . P. C (C: C U P,199), . 17614.

94 S A. B, N E, V: ZP V G BR, R. G. K H. S (), Gtterbilder, Gottesbilder,Weltbilder, (T: M S, 006), II, . 79311 808.

95 V, Mythe et socit, . 109: L , ; B, Greek Religion, 183.


41/555

introduction 17

G , . W A P A,

, A . T q G , q , T, D, E D.96

I G , B , OC -, ; , - H, D A. T . T O , - q , , , f - .97 M, tout court: , B

.98

T .F, B

, L B N . Y -. T .F , A M A , B . M, A M, (P:C 11), N E G .99 T A

96 F B, Greek Religion, . 153.97 R. S, Kulte, Mythen und Gelehrte (F: F, 1994), . 13;

R. H B. A (), Greek Sacricial Ritual, Olympian and Chthonian(S: S I A, 005).

98 B, T .99 F B

G. C, E , C. R (.), Grecia Maggiore: Intrecci cul-turali con lAsia nel periodo arcaico (R: I S R, 008), .160.


42/555

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. I , (C: C 13), A I,100 , ,

f, B. I , , .

I . I R G .101 L . J :. W G , A H, 10 A (K: C 6) - 103 I q. O (E: E). B P Laws, A D P. I

M , f , .104 T , G . Y - q . T . W - , -f .

100 F I B, Sf G: I, E. N E. J. C. T (), The Sacriceo Isaac (L: B, 001), . 143; G. E, I I OE B, Kernos 16 (003), . 59118;C, , C 13.

101 M. B, The Mirror o the Gods (O: O U P, 005).10 F f R. P, T

G , S. H E. M (), GreekPersonal Names: Their Value as Evidence (O: O U P,000), . 5379.

103 S O. B, R A: A -, Bulletin Antieke Beschaving83 (008), . 7397.

104 F A. H, D , : , , H , R. B (.), From Myth to Reason? (O: OU P, 1999), . 348 437.


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1

WHAT IS A GREEK GOD

Albert Henrichs

T q . D , . I q G , I I , - . I, q q.1 Y ,

, G, H: G ( , Iliad0.131).

I , q AD. I K A O L3:

I J B S N .1 R. L F, S , Pagans and Christians (N Y: A A.

K, 1987), . 1067, 70011. O

O Hymn. Hom. Cer. 111 () N. J. R,The Homeric Hymn to Demeter (O: C P, 1974), . 1856. W.B, F : G theos, A. B. L (.),What is a God? Studies in the Nature o Greek Divinity (L: D,1997), . 1534 1, .

3 SEG7 (1977), . 933. T O f G. E. B 1971. S H. W. P, The Oracles o Apollo in Asia Minor (L: CH, 1985), . 1649; L F, Pagans and Christians, . 16877, 1904;S. M, T T H , J, C, P. A M. F (), Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity(O: O U P, 1999), . 81148 819; A. B, ParolesdApollon: Pratiques et traditions oraculaires dans lAntiquit tardive (IIeVIesicles), (L: B, 005), . 3540, 447 . 15, . 456 . 85 (, . 10);


44/555

0 albert henrichs

, , , , , , , .

S-, , , , , , f . W , () .

T q-, f P, What (. 140 S/M ;). T f .4 T f f. A , .5 B W W () , , P f . D ,

O , .6 A, , , ,

( 3 continued)C. O, Gttliche Botschaten r zweielnde Menschen: Pragmatik undOrientierungsleistung der Apollon-Orakel von Klaros und Didyma in hellenistisch-rmischer Zeit (G: V R, 008), .574 . 5, 603.

4 F q ,. 10, C. Nat. D. 1..60 roges me quid aut quale sit deus. O - K, D TbingenTheosophy, O , J. L. L, TheSibylline Oracles (O: O U P, 007), . 3844, 5367.

5 A C : C. A. Strom. 6.5.39 = KP . D (f AD) , , , , , ,, , , , ( , ; , ; , , ; -, , , , ). C. D. C, The Unknown God: Negative Theology inthe Platonic Tradition: Plato to Eriugena (L: P, 1995), . 93 C; C , O.

6 L. R, U O (1971), Opera Minora Selecta V(A: A M. H, 1989), . 61739, 61014.


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what is a greek god? 1

(angeloi), J C .7 T - . S

O D A .8 B , .9

A K C Theosophia (D W).10 B q W , q- . F , G C -. B f P P.11T /, . C , , de natura deorum

7 B, Paroles dApollon, . 089.8 T. Sens. 4 = D A 64 A 19 . 56.3 DK ( [= ] ). C. W. B, Greek Religion (C,MA: H U P, 1985), . 319.

9 E. Diatr. .8.9 ( ; ).

10 P Theosophia Tubingensis 13.1068, . H. E, TheosophorumGraecorum ragmenta (S L: T, 1995), . 89; . B,Paroles dApollon, . 456 . 85, O, Gttliche Botschaten, . 575 .6. T f q L.Div. inst. 1.7 (Paroles dApollon, . 456 . 80, Gttliche Botschaten, . 575 .7), q K A W (quis esset aut quid esset omnino deus). O T Theosophy( ) Theosophia (c. AD 500) L, Sibylline Oracles, . 39, 1056.

11 P. Resp. 3796 , . E 131.4 DK . . . .P 44 B 14 DK , (W. B, Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism[C, MA: H U P, 197], . 49 . 47). T P; P Theologia Platonica ( ) Institutio theologica ( ), M F L Theologia Platonica. C. M. B,Platons Theologie (F M: K A, 006); M. A, Il divinotra unit e molteplicit: saggio sulla T P di Proclo (A:E O, 008); M. J. B. A . (), Marsilio Ficino: His Theology,His Philosophy, His Legacy (L: B, 00). T A P T (, . 14), : I T ; .


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albert henrichs

G , , .1

T f G , - P, G .13 W - f G q: .14 A A T, G , f G G , M . T , , q , T , I , , , -, P A .15

1 A (. C De natura deorum) , G f.

13 W. J, The Theology o the Early Greek Philosophers = T G L1936 (O: C P, 1947); T. M. R, P -, P. C D. W. G (), The Oxord Handbook o PresocraticPhilosophy (O: O U P, 008), . 48598. O G S. B, R , A. A. L (.), The Cambridge Companion to Early Greek Philosophy(C: C U P, 1999), . 054; D. F A.L (), Traditions o Theology: Studies in Hellenistic Theology, Its Backgroundand Atermath (L: B, 00); P. M, Stoic Theology: Proos or theExistence o the Cosmic God and o the Traditional Gods, Including a Commentaryon Cleanthes Hymn on Zeus (D: E, 007).

14 11 A DK as quoted by Arist. De an. 1.5, 411a8, who takes it as a possible reerenceto the cosmic soul (note his , perhaps). The authenticity, intended meaningand exact wording o the dictum ascribed to Thales are ar rom certain. Platocites it without attribution and with inverted word order (Leg. 10.899b8 , c. Epin. 991d4 ). According to At. Plac. 1.7.11= 11 A 3 DK, Thales held that the All is both animate and ull o daimons (). Representative discussions include Jaeger,Theology, pp. 1 and 1989 n. 10; W. K. C. Guthrie, A History o Greek PhilosophyI(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 196), pp. 656; G. S. Kirk et al., ThePresocratic Philosophers (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), pp. 958.A monotheistic version o the dictum (Everything is ull ogod, )is embedded in one o the theological oracles ound in the Tbingen Theosophy andin other texts rom late antiquity; see Theosoph. Tubing. 43.365 Erbse (above, n. 10).

15 I P A ( ), . S R. J. H, R,


47/555


T , WJ , T G -

, , H O H.16 I O f .17J T T G.18I G , f; .19If . F T ,I G .0

A G - .1 A , G

P , C G, Oxord Handbook o PresocraticPhilosophy, . 43457 443, T , f - ( ).

16 J, Theology, . 1.17 O J. L, A : G ,

D. O (.), A Companion to Greek Religion (M, MA: B, 007),. 5670.

18 J, Theology, . 199, R, P ,. 485 ( -).

19 N : R. P, Athenian Religion: A History (O: O UP, 1996), . 1598; W. A, R : G, HSCPh 10 (004), . 11355. O , . 11 13.

0 A T , G F-A H , I ( O T , ://..//TF.).

1 F () G - B, Greek Religion, .165; J.-P. V, G , (1975), Mortals andImmortals (P: P U P, 1991), . 6989; M. D,. IX M. D G. S, La vie quotidienne des dieux grecs (P:H, 1989), . 15964; L. B Z P. S P, Religionin the Ancient Greek City (C: C U P, 199), .17614; F. G, G R, H.-G. N (.), Einleitung indie griechische Philologie (S L: T, 1997), . 456504 495500; J. N. B, Greek Religion (O: O U P, , 1999), . 116; R. P, Polytheism and Society at Athens (O:


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4 albert henrichs

G , f G G -G -

.

L , G . A q . T G , L P G .3 I G -, , R P .4

B qW G , J B G - G .5 I,

f

( 1 continued)O U P, 005), . 38795; P. B, La Grce d ct (R:P U R, 007), . 31381. O G N A. H, G G: G P 187, B. S M.V (), Urgeschichten der Moderne: Die Antike im 20. Jahrhundert (S W: M, 001), . 119, F : N G , P. B (.), Nietzsche and Antiquity: His Reactionand Response to the Classical Tradition (R, NY: C H, 004),. 11437.

B. G, P, H. C . (), Handbuch religionswissen-schatlicher Grundbegrife IV (S: K, 1998), . 3130.

23 On the problem o nomenclature in the study o what the Greeks called (matters concerning the gods) see R. Schlesier, Kulte, Mythenund Gelehrte: Anthropologie der Antike seit 1800 (Frankurt: Fischer, 1994),pp. 1456; J. N. Bremmer, Religion, ritual and the opposition sacredvs. proane: notes towards a terminological genealogy, in F. Gra (ed.),Ansichten griechischer Rituale: Geburtstags-Symposium r Walter Burkert(Stuttgart and Leipzig: Teubner, 1998), pp. 932. As has oten been pointedout, Greek lacks a proper term or religion other than piety () andworship ().

4 P, Polytheism and Society at Athens. T .A P P A N 008 S I. S , . 78.

5 O H, G G; M. K, , C 5.


49/555


G . T .6 E G

.T H U (18341905) , JH (1850198), E R. D (18931979) W B(. 1931) .7 N G . A f .8

6 R G - B Z S P, Religion inthe Ancient Greek City (199); P, Athenian Religion: A History (1996), Polytheism and Society at Athens (005).

7 O U J. N. B, H U, W. W. B W. M.C III (), Classical Scholarship: A Biographical Encyclopedia (N Y L: G, 1990), . 4678; R. S, A UW: A R D W, Kulte, Mythen und Gelehrte, . 19341. O H S, D R C: J E H,., . 1344, P J H D R, ., . 1519. O D E. R. D, MissingPersons: An Autobiography (O: C P, 1977). O B R. W. C W. B, A W B, Favonius (1988),. 415; W. B, Kleine Schriten I: Homerica (G: V R, 001), . 3359; A. H, D L: Z S G, G, Ansichten griechischer Rituale,. 3371 6368. T A Cq W B(U B, 4 N, 007) MEP: A. B W. B (), Gewalt und Oper: ImDialog mit Walter Burkert (B: D G, 010).

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. I , . F G , - . I, G A, A H f f, .30 T . F G , , . T JH q W G

f .31

U f, , .

T G - f G f . B G , f, G f. I . S, G , W B, f G G . B . O G . W

,

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H P W .33 I G E H H G (.53.):

, , , . .

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W F. O (18741958) G H- KK (18791973), G , - G .37 S . O

34 O P H W. B, H N G:P P (1985), Kleine Schriten VII, . 1617;G. N, Pindars Homer: The Lyric Possession o an Epic Past (B L: J H U P, 1990), . 1517 61.

35 H. E, Untersuchungen zur Funktion der Gtter im homerischen Epos (B N Y: D G, 1986). F H I O G. S La vie quotidi-enne des dieux grecs, . 5155.

36 T. N. H . (),Emics and Etics: The Insider/Outsider Debate (NP, CA: S, 1990); J. W. L, E/ , D. L M.E (), Encyclopedia o Cultural AnthropologyIII(N Y: H H,1996), . 3883; A. B, E , A. B J. S(), Encyclopedia o Social and Cultural Anthropology (L N Y:R, 1996), . 1803.

37 R G W. F. O,Theophania: Der Geist der altgriechischen Religion (H: R, 1956), K. K, Antike Religion (M: L M 1971, S: K-C, 1995). O W. F. O: J. D, D G W FO: W I R (, I-, 1961); H. C, Antik, Modern: Beitrge zur rmischen und deutschenKulturgeschichte (S: M, 1998), . 13986; H, Die Gtter


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F , G ( ).40 I .

Griechenlands, . 13941; O. L, D R, R. S A. S (), Dionysos: Verwandlung und Ekstase(B R: S M B/S S, 008),. 13341 13740. O K. K: R. S R. S. M (),Neuhumanismus und Anthropologie des griechischen Mythos: Karl Kernyi imeuropischen Kontext des 20. Jahrhunderts (L: R E, 006).

38 S A. H, H : - D, T. H. C C. A. F (), Masks o Dionysus(I L: C U P, 1993), . 1343 181, I f D .F L. R. F, The Attributes o God = TG L 1945 (O: C P, 195).

39 O A. H, D R: K F, Neuhumanismusund Anthropologie des griechischen Mythos, . 5770, 646.

40 B H (. . Il. 1.90, 50); . J. S C, I , Classical Journal77 (1981/), . 1117. O V, Mortals and Immortals, .749.


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P. D , G .H Theogony, . G , D Z, H f q .41 T, , O ( Z ) A f .4

M , G .43 T q. W G , f G . T - , , . I Acharnians A,

A . W H , A (46), .44H E , D T , I (51 , . 47 53). A , - . T , f f q , .

A , ,

41 T Z , . T - () D Z P., Piet. 495770O = O. 59 I B, A. H, P D P Q, Cronache Ercolanesi5 (1975), . 538 348. OD N Birth o Tragedy (187) H, H , . 69.

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43 W. J, T G , HThR 5 (1959), . 13547, .

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O q (140 ) (1419 ).I G .45H , - . TS H O Z. I E, H .46 O , ,f H () ().47 W , . I q .48

I - q - . S , ,

, , . I 191,L F - Greek Hero Cult and Ideas o Immortality.49 T f . A f BC, f (aithr).50 E

45 R. P, G , Polytheism and Society at Athens, . 387451;A. H, G : Hymns C, A. H . (), Callimachus (G: E F,1993), . 1747.

46 E. HF15865.47 E. S, H ( , C 1).

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48 S A. H, T A S, ClAnt 1 (1993), . 16580.

49 F D. L, Gender and Immortality:Heroines in Ancient Greek Myth and Cult (P: P U P,1996).

50 T IGI3 1179 = CEGI . 10 H, 56 (A, P, 43 BC). S J. N. B, The Riseand Fall o the Aterlie (L N Y: R, 00), . 7


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X H .5 H , , -. I , .53 T , , , .54 I G - , , ,, , .55 B .56

L q , .

I ,

( 50 continued)137 . 6 ( ); W. B, Babylon, Memphis, Persepolis:Eastern Contexts o Greek Culture (C, MA: H U P,004), . 11.

51 E. Supp. 5316, Erechtheus . 370.677 K, Hel. 10136, Chrysippos .839.814 K, Phoen. 80811, Or. 11868.

5 X 1 B 111, 14, 16 DK. C. J, Theology, . 3854, 0815; K ., The Presocratic Philosophers, . 1687, 17980; B, Greek Religion,. 3089.

53 X 1 B 15 DK.54 X 1 B 34 DK.55 O G R. B, M

, , C 4; B, Greek Religion,. 64. O J H - S, Kulte, Mythen und Gelehrte, . 16670. W (. . D ), . O W - A A. H, D G H: R G K, W. M. C III . (),Wilamowitz nach 50 Jahren (W B: D,1985), . 63305 98301.

56 O G B, Greek Religion, .189 H : (1991), KleineSchriten I, . 8094. F q G, G, . 404.


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. A I , ,

57 F H H. J. R, D , HThR 49 (1956), .637.

58 Burkert, From epiphany to cult statue; S. Bettinetti, La statua di cultonella pratica rituale greca (Bari: Levanti Editori, 2001), pp. 11824;B. Gladigow, Epiphanie, Statuette, Kultbild: Griechische Gottesvorstellungenim Wechsel von Kontext und Medium (1990), in Religionswissenschat alsKulturwissenschat (Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2005), pp. 7384; K. Lapatin, thisvolume, Chapter 7.

59 B. G, P B P G: K B G R (1986), Religionswissenschat alsKulturwissenschat, . 67; H. S. V, W S G-R , D. P (.), E gies Dei: Essays on the History o Religions (L: B, 1987),. 455 467; T. S. S, Die Gottheit und ihr Bild: Untersuchungen zurFunktion griechischer Kultbilder in Religion und Politik(M: B, 000), .3543, 11530; V. P, Facing the Gods: Epiphany and Representation in Graeco-Roman Art, Literature and Religion (C: C U P,010).

60 A. H, E, OCD3 (1996), . 546. S L F, S ; N. M D. S (), Divine Epiphanies in the Ancient World, , ICS9 (004); J. N. B, C :H T P D, Greek Religionand Culture, the Bible and the Ancient Near East (L: B, 008), . 1533( ).


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.61 W A f Iliad, A () () ()

.6

E , .I -

G - , - G . I The Greeksand the Irrational, E. R. D .63 T . Y H V , , , .64 S , , G . O , A, -

BC A A: M A ( ).65 A q , . I , A A AKnights K P ( ) .66 N M , opsin idousa, A E A L

61 A. H, T : G ( Y U 5 M 008). C. R. A.P, Thauma Idesthai: The Phenomenology o Sight and Appearance in ArchaicGreece (T: F S U P, 1989).

6 Il. 1.19400. S D. T, P I , HSCPh 103 (007), .5181.

63 E. R. D, The Greeks and the Irrational(B L A: U C P, 1951), . 1034.

64 V, W , . 48.65 IGII/III 436 = SIG3 3.1151. O , . 39.66 A. Equ. 10901 , /

.


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H .67

Q

, -- . B f, q , G . A, , - .A W B M : E .68 T ; .69

3 POWER

T q q f G ().70 O q, f,

. L , M , G f.71 A , . I -. B , Z, M.7

67 IGIV 1, 11 ( E, BC), 10., 15., 5,37, 49, 57 /-/, 118 , 76; L T C, 99 BC (FGrH53, D, A) 16. , 107 ;H. 1.39.1, 1.108.1, 1.01.1, .139.1, 3.30., 3.14.1, 5.55.1, 6.107.1, 6.118.1 6.131..

68 B, F , . 7.69 A. H, H A D: credite posteri, HSCPh 8

(1978), . 0311, H. Carm. .19.1 Bacchum in remotis carmina rupibus / vididocentem.

70 H. W. Pleket, Divine omnipotence, in H. S. Versnel (ed.), Faith, Hope and Worship:Aspects o Religious Mentality in the Ancient World(Leiden: Brill, 1981), pp. 17183.

71 O M G B. G, M, C .,Handbuch religionswissenschatlicher GrundbegrifeIV, . 6877 756.

7 A. H, M, Der neue Pauly 8 (S: M, 000), . 3403.


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W , . A A E Hippolytos (78),

(tim ), . B , H f - . I , K O , Z, (, P ).73 T H Z . I G , , N E.74

D , . T

, , , -, . E - q.T , R P, .75 G q G , . G A, I S, A A. G . N - f G q,

73 P. Ol. 14.14; H. Theog. 1738, 45991, . A. Ag. 16778.74 S P. W, Hesiod and the Near East (C: U W P,

1966); M. L. W, The East Face o Helicon (O: C P, 1997),. 7633; W. B, P P , C G, Oxord Handbook o Presocratic Philosophy, .5585 60, 687.

75 P, G , Polytheism and Society at Athens, . 387451.


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; , , - . A F G Nordionische Kulte P A , q G , , f , , , .78

B , I qua q G (), () (); , G ; G G ,

76 P, Polytheism and Society at Athens, .387.77 P, Polytheism and Society at Athens, . 38894.78 F. Gra, Nordionische Kulte: Religionsgeschichtliche und epigraphische

Untersuchungen zu den Kulten von Chios, Erythrai, Klazomenai und Phokaia (Rome:Schweizerisches Institut in Rom, 1985). For an eloquent vision o how the systmepolythiste o Greek religion should be defned and reconstructed see M. Detienne,Pour exprimenter dans le champ des polythismes, Mtis 910 (19945), pp. 419.Detienne was the frst historian o Greek religion who broke with convention andused the term polytheism in the subtitle o a book on Greek gods: Apollon, le couteau la main: Une approche exprimentale du polythisme grec (Paris: Gallimard, 1998).


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, all , . Y G , , , G .

F , W G O f 1997 - q G U W.80 T - -f , , . T G , . O f G , : P, , , -

.81

P q , , f.8 B f , , f q- . T , q. A q - . A S C ,E T, : Y , ().83 T T -

79 B, H H R.80 L, What is a God?81 L, What is a God?, . 43.8 A. H, D , : , ,

H , R. B (.),From Myth to Reason? (O: O U P, 1999), . 348.

83 P. O. 1787 . 1 + P. K . 1351, f M. G R. D, ZPE147 (004), . 18; M. L. W, T S, ZPE151 (005), . 19, I . O T , H , C,I .


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f , , q : N , , ( ).84

S . I G , , f .

84 S C ( ).


64/555


65/555

PART I

SYSTEMATIC ASPECTS


66/555


67/555

CANONIZING THE PANTHEON: THEDODEKATHEON IN GREEK RELIGION

AND ITS ORIGINS

Ian Rutherord

1

I G D BC. T A P, H, P , 5 BC, H.1 I , q ,

, - AP , . T : D A (. 75) P - A , , D D . T () D, - , E W . D A : H (.71.1) - H E M S O.3 A f f - P.4 O - . P, , - . H

1 T. 6.54.67. C. S-I, Tragedy and Athenian Religion (L, MD: L

B, 003).3 T C. L. L, The Twelve Gods o Greece and Rome (L: B, 1987), .

67.4 IGII.. 640; L, Twelve Gods, . 645.


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f. I H, , H .

A , ,5

Homeric Hymn to Hermes H f A (ll. 109):

T : f , , , .H , : -, , , . N- H , , , .

T f.6 H , (ll. 1303).

T H f , , ; , . (. H. G. E-W, L)

O : P 484 BC D ( , ) H (Ol. 5, Ol. 10.4350).7 N , P , BC, A.8 C , D, D,

5 R. J, Homer, Hesiod and the Hymns: Diachronic Development in the EpicDiction (C: C U P, 198).

6 T J. L, L H, CPh100 (005), . 116, S , L, f .

7 L, Twelve Gods, . 586, 8791, 1557.8 L. W, O S, Archiv r Religonswissenschat 0 (1901),

. 4178 73, 580 BC E (A Z E E O A D H


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canonizing the pantheon 45

300 BC, .9 T N, , -

, .10

C , C,11 M M, L S, (f, ) M C( BC).1 S , K, Z P ( - K );13 T A, P A .14

O G f. W I, Lq V-Nq .15 I A , , , P A A.16 B

A , O .A

BC. I 5 Laws P A M (745): 5,040 ( :4 3 5 7), , 10,080 - .S H, Z A , , , 40 840 - ,

L . . . V A, P, D C H E, O).

9 L, Twelve Gods, . 18, 19801.10 L, Twelve Gods, . 31719.11 L, Twelve Gods, . 1718; : L, Twelve Gods, T11D, . 567;

LSAM; R. M, Die Inschriten von Khalkedon (B: H, 1980),. 13.

1 P 5.5..13 T L, Twelve Gods, . 915.14 P. 8.5.3; L, Twelve Gods, T1.15 P. Lq P. V-Nq, Cleisthenes the Athenian (N Y: H

B, 1996).16 L, Twelve Gods,. 180 T18.


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. T 8, 87, ; P,

.17

P M , , P f . I - M M, D , BC f .18 I , , P, . T H E, D M T, K,P A.19

T, D : f, BC, . I - , G,

. A -, . T, , P .0

I , D , - G . T :1 Z,H, P, D, A, A, A, A, H,

17 O P Laws: G. M, Platos Cretan City: A HistoricalInterpretation o the Laws (P: P U P, 1960), .4347. P : . Phaedo.

18 L, Twelve Gods, . 1; O. K, Die Inschriten von Magnesia amMaeander (B: S, 1900), . 1. L, Twelve Gods, . 4851, - T 196 BC R.

19 C. T, Untersuchungen zu den altgriechischen Monatsnamen und Monatsolgen(H: W, 1997), . 6670. H: D. K, L C T, Journal des Savants 1989, . 359; L, TwelveGods, . 179, 678. H , - BC. T R (T, Untersuchungen,. 701). E .

0 S-I, Tragedy and Athenian Religion, . 95.1 S L, Twelve Gods, . 1401.


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A, H H. S - . H A f f D, H H . B

. O O , H, :

Z P,H A,H A, C D,A AK R

S f : D, K R, R A C(K K, R ; R A ); D, H, A A H. T : Z, P,

H, A, H, A A.T O D , . A C, A H () H, A.3 HP P Laws. T D P T, S M , D, E ( A) T.4

H, D , , .5 S E , , E, Psdt, H, : A, - S T, G N,

H FGrH31 F 34, P, Ol. 5.10 (D 1.141).

3 FGrH31 F 37, . A. R. . 531.4 S. G. M, T T P, CSCA 7 (1974),

. 3156; L, Twelve Gods, . 056.5 C. L. B. Z, P. S P, Religion in the Ancient Greek City

(C: C U P, 199), . 183.


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48 ian rutherord

O, S, I N. B E H,

G, E : A, E T f, E , .6 A E H E :7

T , , -; E , .W .

A D G.8

2

W I : H, A; D A, I; . O , q G D , .

H f - E (.4.1), f E - (.43.3 .46.1, .145.1). O , : E E ( )

6 S E. H, Conceptions o God in Ancient Egypt: The One and the Many, .J B (I: C U P, 198), . . E : W. B, Untersuchungen zum Gtterkreis der Neunheit(M: D K, 1973), . 69 6573.

7 H, Conceptions, . 3; . C. T, The Gods o Egypt (I:C U P, 001), . 6: F E, -. T , , .

8 C H A : V. H, Geschichteder hethitischen Religion (L: B, 1994), . 4817; D. B, DieRituale der Auguren (H: W, 005), . 18 . 77.


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E. H, J. G G E H E, E .30 H, H ( G E E ), GD E E: .

O G E E . A L , f PLaws H E.31 T E , BC, :3 (1)T, () P, (3) H, (4) S, (5) M, (6) R-, (7)R-, (8) R, (9) C, (10) C, (11) I, (1)

R-H. S .T f E G : S, E , M A, N (..q A ).33

9 I Book o the Dead, - , - E, - .

30 J. G G , T G E, JHS75 (1955), .13; A. B. L, A Commentary on Herodotus, Book II, 3 (L:B, 197588), . N E E , A : D. M C. F-M, DailyLie o the Egyptian Gods (I: C U P, 1996), . 41; B,Untersuchungen, . 3135; L, Twelve Gods, . 756.

31 T, Untersuchungen; L, Twelve Gods, . 14751; H. .4.1 (. L, Twelve Gods, . 148;C. F, Le mirage gyptien dans la littrature grecque dHomre Aristote[P, 1971], . 05 . 73).

3 L, Twelve Gods, . 339; O. N R. A. P, Egyptian AstronomicalTexts (P: B U P, 1960), III 114 . ; J. O,M, M, Lexikon der gyptologie 4 (198), . 191.

33 L, Twelve Gods, . 339, T, Untersuchungen, . 7375. T q 11, 1 1 E G-R .


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, E BC, I : H f A H ( E) f .

A A, f . I , L, R , f f.T K L. S .34 T G D .35I G f- X S( L), K, , . I K,

K L . S f - L (mahanitusti; mahani= ), q .36

I , A - Y ( BC). T - f H : A, -f, , ;37 B,

34 S B. F-S, Die lykischen Zwlgtter-Relies (B:H, 1994).

35 S L. R, L D D L, BCH107 (1983), . 58793.36 TL 44()1, E. L, L L, P. D

(.), Fouilles de Xanthos V: Tombes-maisons, tombes rupestres et sarcophages(P: K, 1974), . 146 . 41, L L q L, Actes du Colloque sur la Lycie Antiqu (P: L Aq O A M, 1980), . 16 ; : C. M, Lycian Lexicon (C H, NC: -, 1993), . 8.S G. N, Glossar des Lykischen: berarbeitet und zum Druck gebracht vonJohann Tischler (W: H, 007), . .

37 H, Geschichte, . 488; V. H M. W, Y GT, Oriens Antiquus 13 (1974), . 116 3.


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. F H BC, .39 T H M - A, K C; A, H , , .40 N, A T G, , q , . T , H-H - A, K T . N, A T G

, f T, A, -.41 I , K R D O .

I B Y ,

38 K. B, B, K. B, Bogazky-Hattusa. IX: Das hethitischeFelsheiligtum Yazilikaya (B: M, 1975), . 1565.

39 S O. G, Some Aspects o Hittite Religio (O: O UP, 1977), . 3 41, H. G. G, R K H, G. W (.), Neuere Hethiterorschung (W: S,1964), . 5473 7 . 91; H. G. G, A O A, Studies in Honor o B. Landsberger on his 75th Birthday, April21, 1965 (C: U C P, 1965), . 1978 198, E T, K. B, Bogazky-Hattusa. IX: Das hethitischeFelsheiligtum Yazilikaya (B: M, 1975), . 1899 191, CTH449: A = KUB35.145, B = KUB35, 143. H, Geschichte, . 4878; V. G.A. T H ( Hassumas), Oikumene 5 (1986), . 91101 96, . A : D. Y, D AN.TAH.SUM.SAR-F T S, T M (.), Cult and Ritual in the Ancient Near East(W: H, 199), . 1158 150 . 88 ( H,Geschichte, . 488 . 175).

40 A. A, T , Orientalia 59 (1990), . 1149.41 S J. N. B, Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible and the Ancient Near East

(L: B, 008), . 7399.


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T) , , , - ( H f ).4 A A H V A, ( ) H ,43 - hassumas ( ) , I-E .44 T F H E M, I-E .45

3

T G D, , H : f,

D T, A, D , . B G , f .46

4 H W, Y.43 A, B H , . 96, KUBII.13, -

(. J. K, Untersuchungen zur Rekonstruktionder hattischen Kultschicht [W: H, 1996], . 58 . 61011, ). K, Untersuchungen, A , H, Geschichte, . S A. G, T A C, Language 9 (1953), . 6377 66. S H, Geschichte, .743, H .

44 A, B H , . 96, V. N. T, O - , , Trudi po znakovim sistemam 5 (1971), . 96 18, 433, 43. F , A. K, D V S L, H L, K P. : T, Zeitschrit rAssyriologie 57 (1965), . 177 1.

45 E. M, Les douze dieux de limmortalit: Croyances indo-europennes Yazilakaya (P: B L, 1989); E. M, Lecombat pour limmortalit: Hritage Indo-Europen dans la mythologie Anatolienne(P: P U F, 1991).

46 S S. G, L ,Kernos 11 (1998), . 7383.


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F, . T, ,D , H. I

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47 T P 5.5., L, Twelve Gods, . 956.48 T, Untersuchungen, . 70. D P D

93 BC.49 A M L

A (S 13.1.48); A L, H A, A (S13.3.5).

50 F A. R. .5313.


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K A, A. S A ; A , L, L f L X S ( ). I G - : A P C 449 BC.51

, . . .

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T f E A. A P T , K f.5I , D X K A E: , G A, L . I L G , G D A .

51 T . 45 D. L. P, Further Greek Epigrams (C: CU P, 1981); D. S. 11.6.3.

5 P. T, L, A, A, J. M . (), Interpreting theAthenian Empire (L: D, 009), . 16794.


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3

GODS IN GREEK INSCRIPTIONS: SOMEMETHODOLOGICAL QUESTIONS

Fritz Gra

A P q -, q f J .1 F , R q , HypnerotomachiaPoliphili, -

R q, - . I , , .H : L F (18561934) CultsotheGreekStates , S W (18611918) . B , , , InscriptionesGraecae , . N , I ,

1 A. Me. 6.3: P , (videt dona pretiosa et lacinias auro lit-teratas ramis arborum postibusque su xas, quae cum gratia acti nomen deae, cuiuerant dicata, testabantur; . E. J. K). A ; O. Fast. 3.67. B .

S W De sacris Troezeniorum, Hermionensium, Epidauriorumcommentatio academica 1888, IG IV Argolis 190, IV.1 Epidaurus 193; Lakonische Kulte 1893, IG V.1 Laconia etMessenia 1913. M. P. N, GriechischeFeste (B L:T, 1906) A, IG ; .


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G q , . T

, . I , I P, 1903 G H , q T G, -, B H;3 - q.

I , q . P , . A , : , -

. O , . T G f . T - , P - H Theogony HomericHymns:4 G f, .5 O , G , H , H H,

3 F. H G, Die Inschriten von Priene (B: R, 1906);B. H, Gonnoi, I: La cit et son histoire; II: Les inscriptions (A:H, 1973). M SEG.

4 M C. S-I, P A L: f G , JHS98 (1978), . 1011, C. S-I, Reading Greek Culture (O: CP, 1991), . 14788.

5 T q P GreekQuestions P Perihegesis ( G V. P-D, Retour la source: Pausanias et la religion grecque = Kernos,S. 0 [L: CIERGA, 008]).


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gods in greek inscriptions 57

G H

P :6 q , .

SANCTUARIES, PRIESTS AND MYTHS

I , : . G , , f , , , , .7 F f, , f . M, , : - -

; , , - . N P G , . A H H ;8

6 S. P, Religions o the Ancient Greeks (C: C U P,1999), .

7 L. Sacr. 10, , : f - .

8 P S. I, T H: - S, ZPE13 (1998), . 13, S. I P. P (),The Salmakis Inscription and Hellenistic Halikarnassos (O: U P S D, 004), . 1737; H. L-J, T H, ZPE14 (1999), . 114; M. G, I f A, Atene e Roma 44 (1999), . 18; G. B. DA, S S , I P, The Salmakis Inscription andHellenistic Halikarnassos, . 4357 ( ); R. G,W H, ClAnt 5 (006), . 133; J. N. B,Z : The Pride o Halicarnassus, U. D C. W (), Antike Mythen: Media, Transormations and Sense-Constructions(B N Y: D G, 009), . 1545; F. G, Z H: , A. MF (.), Estudias de Epigraa Griega (L L: U, 009), .33348.


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.

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N11

, T, ; , , . F , P .

T (. 4) - 6. H P . D K, , . B ; , .

I ,

9 S T. S. S, Mythische Vorvter: Zur Bedeutung griechischer Heroenmythenim Selbstverstndnis kleinasiatischer Stdte (M: E M, 1993).

10 P: K 87; G. M, L , ASAA 41/4(19634), . 93349, . 34. O F. G, D G T, Antike Welt 10.4 (1979), . 3341.

11 M. S, Die Ruinen von Priene: Kurze Beschreibung (B: D G,1964, 1934), . 17, N (-) P ; .


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gods in greek inscriptions 59

, .P A P, (I.Priene 46.0). A ,

A; E M, M A.1 H E A P ; A.13 H , , : .14T , P A P P, , , .15 T , D K,

1 D A I.Priene 156, A A 157 158; M - I.Priene 3 ( ); P , I.Priene31.

13 H X ,Anab. 5.3.4. 5.3.8.3. T P;. J. N. B, Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible and the Ancient NearEast (L: B, 008), . 3536 (T M). O q M (sic, - -) E ( S 14.1.3: M , ) E , J. O. S, T A E, E. N. L (.), Cybele, Attis and Related Cults: Essays in Memory o M. J.Vermaseren (L: B, 1996), . 3366 ( , ) L. LD, T E M , Religion 9 (1999), . 0114( , ). T S.

14 F : S, Die Ruinen von Priene; N. A. D K. F (), Priene (C, MA, H U P, 005, A: F H W, ..). W .

15 I.Priene 88; BCH5 (198), . 399406. M , ; .


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P: , . O : T.19 A ,

The Gods of Ancient Greece- Identities and Transformations Jan N. Bremmer & Andrew Erskine

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Transcript of The Gods of Ancient Greece- Identities and Transformations Jan N. Bremmer & Andrew Erskine